furtigir isuic Culuttial.

FRANce.—A remarkable movement is noticed in the Department of the Herault this week. The President of its Council-General is the Free-trader Michel Chevalier; and the Council has adopted a memorial recommending a thorough reform of the tariff, substituting moderate for prohibitive duties, and abolishing the sliding scale.

The Emperor has taken further steps to provide against impending scarcity. Advantages have been offered to railway companies who will transport grain and potatoes at lower rates • and all French vessels car- rying only gram, bread-stuffs, rice, potatoes or dried vegetables, are to be free of the navigation-dues on all rivers and canals, until the 31st De- cember next. Thinking, probably, that the condemnation of some of its measures required an answer, the Moniteur of Tuesday contradicts the assertion that the French Government is disposed to make purchases of corn. Far from opposing the regular course of commerce' says that jour- nal, the Government interferes only to assist it by general and equitable measures which secure its liberty and the security of its operations, and which promote the importation of grain and its distribution throughout the country.

Beemom.—Antwerp was the scene of picturesque fetes in honour of the recent marriage, on Saturday and Sunday last. King Leopold and the Duke and Duchess of Brabant met with the heartiest reception, and the robust Flemings who crowded the city to see the gay doings seemed the happiest of mortals. The most interesting incident occurred at the fete given by the Society for the Encouragement of the Native Language, Literature, and Art. This is an association for the revival of the old Flemish element in Belgium ; and one of the things it has accomplished is the restoration of the use of the Flemish language for official purposes. The most prominent member of the society is one Hendrick Conscience, formerly a common soldier, now a distinguished orator and man of letters. His speech was the event of the evening : at its close he said, that if ever political dangers menaced Belgium, its cry would be that which saluted the ears of Maria Theresa, Moriamur pro nostro rege. "Flaming;" ex- claimed Hendrick, "what say you?" "Lebe de Koning, lebe de Ko- !" shouted the audience.

It is observed that during his stay King Leopold frequently inspected the fortifications now rising around Antwerp itself. Swrrzeinann.—The Protestants of Geneva, alarmed by the open hos-

tilitiea and insidious advances of the Roman Catholic) priesthood in this ancient citadel of the Reformation have formed a society for the further- ance of the interests of the Protestant Church. In a long address, they point to the advances of Popery in England, Holland, and France, and the destruction of religious liberty in Tuscany, as evidences of the neces- sity of a counteracting movement.

ITALY.—After commenting on the late arrests at Rome, as indicatiug the activity of the Republican party, the Paris correspondent of the Times re- fers to another conspiracy ; namely, one instigated by Rome and Austria for the suppression of constitutional liberty in Piedmont.

"After five years of stern military rule, Austria finds that she has made i

no advance n Italy. She might wish to introduce into Lombardy a less despotic regime; but with the tricoloured flag floating by her frontiers,. with's Parliament and the liberty of the press at her very doors, she feels she must lose her hold on Lombardy if her present system be not relaxed. Now, Austria must make up her mind to abandon the Lombardo-Venctian provinces, or attach them by establishing a constitutional kingdom with an Archduke at its head, or try to change the present order of things in Pied- mont. With France and England looking on, she cannot openly attack the nation; but she leaves nothing undone to gain her ends in an indirect manner. A secret council, composed of French and Sardinians, belonging to the retrograde party, was very recently held in Paris, for the purpose of considering the best manner of carrying on a secret war against the Pied- montese Government : and a certain Monsignor, well known here, was pre- sent. It was resolved at this solemn conclave of conspirators, that their first efforts should be to excite discontent in the Sardinian states, by sowing discord among the Deputies in the approaching legislative session, and then among the population, in the hope of gaining in the general elections of 1864 a majority of Deputies of the extreme Right, or if this was hopeless, of the extreme Left. If the elections result in the triumph of the Reds, the Go- vernment will be urged to the adoption of extreme measures, which may destroy its popularity with the moderate Liberal party and compromise it with the neighbouring states. If, on the contrary, the Blacks gain the victory, the Chamber of Deputies will itself modify the statute and the organic laws ; and the first great object being attained, it will next abolish all representative institutions whatever. The Univers of Paris, the Armonia of Turin the Cattolieo of Genoa, the Bilancia of Milan, the Ciretta Catto- lica of lime, and other journals of the same colour, are to aid the retro- grade faction by means of violent and hostile articles against representative government of any kind and however limited in its basis ; and the Ultra- montane clergy everywhere will be sure to take an active part in this vast campaign against the liberties of Piedmont."

An attempt has been made at Ravenna to assassinate the Papal Legate.

Ttraxze.—The note of the 19th August, forwarded by Redschid Pasha to the representatives of France, Great Britain, Austria, and Prussia, has been published in French, and the following is a translation. "The project of note which was recently drawn up at Vienna and remitted

to the Sublime Porte has been read and examined in the Council of Ministers. That which had been previously drawn up at Constantinople' and remitted to the Great Powers in a form proper to put an end to the difference which exists between the Sublime Porte and Runde, gave hopes of a satisfactory result. Thus the Government of his Imperial Majesty the Sultan is much grieved to find that that project has not been taken into consideration. Al- though the draft note drawn up before by the Sublime Porte to be remitted to Prince Menschikoff has been taken as a basis as regards the paragraph of the project arrived from Vienna concerning the religious privileges, the ques- tion has not been circumscribed in that circle. Certain paragraphs, super- fluous and incompatible with the sacred right of the Government of his Ma- jesty the Sultan having been introduced therein, the Sublime Porte finds it- self again under the painful obligation of expressing its observations on this subject. The Imperial Government is accustomed, from long date, to receive proofs of friendship from the Great Powers its august allies. It is especially grateful for the many efforts, full of benevolence, which they have not ceased to make since the commencement of the actual question. It is therefo:e evident that it is repugnant to it, in consideration of its private regard for those Powers, to hesitate on a point which has obtained their common ac- cordance. But the Government of his Majesty the Sultan, which had been declared at the commencement of the affair the only competent judge of ques- tions touching its rights and its independence unhappily not having been consulted on the drawing up of the new project, finds itself placed in a diffi- cult position.

"It may be said that neither has the Government of Russia been consulted in the drawing up of this project: but the rights which it is sought to defend are those of the Sublime Porte, and it is it which has to sign the note which shall be given in this respect. It appertains to the Great Powers to decide, in their recognized equity, whether it is just on this point to treat the two parties on the same footing. It has, consequently, been deemed advisable not to enter into further details on this point. "The first of the points which make the Sublime Porte hesitate is the fol- lowing paragraph—' If at all times the Emperors of Russia have testified their active solicitude for the maintenance of the immunities and privileges of the Orthodox Greek Church in the Ottoman empire, the Sultans have never refused to confirm them anew by solemn acts.' "it is natural, and there is nothing to be said against it, that the Empe- rors of Russia should testify their solicitude for the prosperity of the church and of the religion which they profess. But, according to the above-cited paragraph, it would be understood that the privileges of the Greek Church in the states of the Sublime Porte have only been maintained by the active solicitude of the Emperors of Russia.

"It is to be observed, however, that the fact of inserting in a note to be given by the Sublime Porte the above-mentioned paragraph, such as it is in the project, for religious privileges which, since the days of Mchemed the Conqueror' of glorious memory, down to the present day, have been octroye, and maintained without the participation of any one whomsoever, would im- ply and offer pretexts to the Russian Government to pretend to mix itself up in such matters.

"No one could consent to draw upon himself the reproaches and the blame of his contemporaries, as well as of posterity, by admitting the establishment of a state of things as hurtful to the present as to the future.

"No servant of the august Imperial Ottoman Family dare or would be capable of putting into writing words which would tend to diminish the glory of the institutions which the Ottoman Emperors have founded by a spontaneous second o movement f their personal generosity and innate clemency. point to taken up is the paragraph of the draft note relative to the treaty of Kainardji. As no one can deny that that treaty exists and is confirmed by that of Adrianople, it is quite clear that the precise provisions thereof will be faithfully observed.

"If by inserting the above-mentioned paragraph the intention is enter - tamed of considering the religious privileges as the natural result and recog- nized spirit of the treaty of Kainardji, the real and precise provision of that treaty is limited to the sole promise of the Sublime Porte to protect itself the Christian religion. The paragraphs which the Porte might insert as regards religious privileges, in the note it may sign, ought only to express, as has been at all periods declared, either in writing or by word of mouth, assurances proper to remove the doubts put forward by the Russian Government, and which form the subject of the dissensions. "But to give to the Government of Russia motives for pretending to ex- ercise a right of surveillance and intervention in such matters, by strengthen- ing by new bonds the religious identity already existing between a great community of the subjects of the Sublime Porte and a foreign power, would be in some measure to share the sovereign rights and endanger the inde- pendence of the empire. It is therefore utterly impossible for the Govern- ment of his Majesty the Sultan to give its consent thereto, unless compelled to do so.

..1f, finally, the object is only to obtain a renewal of the provisions of the treaty of Kainardji, the Sublime Porte might do it in a separate note.

"Now, the Imperial Government deems it of the highest importance, either that the paragraph relative to that treaty of the project sent shall he suppressed, or that, if it is maintained, the promise of protection contained in the treaty of Kainardji and the question of religious privileges shall be separated in so explicit a manner that it may be understood at a first glance that they are two different things. "And the third point is that of making the Greek rite participate in the advantages granted (octroye) to other Christian rites. It cannot be doubted that the Imperial Government will not hesitate to allow the Greek rite to participate, not only in the advantages which, of its free will, it has granted to other communities of the Christian religion professed by the com- munities its subjects, but also in those which it may grant hereafter. It is, therefore, superfluous to add, that the Sublime Porte will be justified if it cannot admit the use of expressions so equivocal as those of con- ventions or private provisions in favour of a great community of so many millions of subjects who profess the Greek faith. " Such being the points to which the Sublime Porte makes objections, it cannot, notwithstanding its supreme regard for the counsel of the Great Powers its allies, and its sincere desire to renew its relations with the Impe- rial Government of Russia, its friend and neighbour, it cannot, I say, pre- vent itself from confiding to the equity and justice of the Great Powers the considerations relative to its rights of sovereignty and to its independence. "If, finally, the last draft note which was drawn up by the Sublime Porte is accepted, or else if that of Vienna receives the desired modifications, the Ottoman Cabinet will not delay signing the one or the other of those two projects, and sending immediately an Ambassador Extraordinary, on the condition of the evacuation of the Principalities. The Government of the Sublime Porte expects, in addition, a solid guarantee on the part of the Great Powers against any future intervention, and any occupation, from time to time, of the Principalities of Moldavia and 1Vallachia. And the object of the Ottoman Government in providing itself with so many pre- cautions is to avoid anything which might lead to a reuewal of the misun- derstanding between the two empires when the Sublime Porte shall have re- newed its relations with the Court of Russia.

"The points of the project of Vienna relative to the affair of the Holy Brim, and to the construction of a church and hospital at Jerusalem, have received the complete adhesion of the Sublime Porte. "A copy of the 'Vienna note, containing also the modifications which the Imperial Government has deemed it advisable to make, has been transmitted to your Excellency.

"The Sublime Porte, with the intention of giving another proof of its high regard for the Powers that signed the treaty of 1841, although the project which it had previously drawn up is naturally more preferable to it, is never- theless ready to accept the -Vienna project with the modifications it has made thereto, and hopes that the Pon ers, who from the commencement of the question have not ceased to recognize the rights of the Imperial Go- vernment, and to give proofs of their well-wishing, appreciating these modi- fications, will act accordingly.

"His Majesty the Sultan, having ordered me to communicate the above to your Excellency, as also to the other representatives, your colleagues, I ac- quit myself of this duty, begging your Excellency to accept on this occasion the expression of my high esteem, rte. IlEnserun." RIISSIA.—The annual reviews of the Guards near St. Petersburg have terminated ; and a report gains ground that the Emperor will shortly go to Warsaw.

As a specimen of the warlike tone permitted in the Russian newspapers, we extract a few passages from "The Song of a Russian Warrior," signed "Prince P. Wiasemski."

"From the summit of the Balkan our brethren stretch out their hands to us with hope and prayer. Their sufferings are not unfelt by us. Russia has compassion on them, and goes forth to combat for them. "It is there that our ancestors received the holy baptism which rescued them from the darkness of idolatry. There is the sanctuary of our faith. It is there that the chalice of salvation restored them to life.

"The mother of orthodox Russia, Kiew, holy and sublime city—is she not the goddaughter of Constantinople ? Those traditions are sacred to us. They contain the promise and the pledge of destinies which are gathering strength in silence. "We go forth to chastise the proud, to avenge our altar, insulted by the impious. Burst forth, then, holy war ! let our cry, the precursor of victory, be raised ! That cry is, All for the God of Russia—for the Czar of the Rus- sians!' " The latest accounts from Bucharest and Odessa, August 26, state that there has been no stop in the progress of the armaments ; field-works and other fortifications continue to be erected in the Principalities, especially on the Danube. Some discharged seamen have been sent from Sebas- topol to Ismail, to work on the Danube in that neighbourhood.

IThrrun STATEL—The Humboldt arrived off Cowes on Thursday, with papers from New York to the 27th August. The American journals reprint Lord John Russell's letter to Mr. Crampton, in reply to Mr. Everett's celebrated declaration with regard to Cuba contained in his answer to the proposition from England and France for a tripartite treaty to secure the possession of that island to Spain. It is understood that Mr. Marcy has forwarded a rejoinder to Lord John Russell's letter, which not only repeats the substance of Mr. Everett's communication, but makes it more emphatic. It is noticed that military armaments and warlike munitions are accu- mulated on both banks of the Rio Grande. The Americans say they are compelled to take precautions in consequence of the attitude assumed by Santa Anna.

A decision in the case of a fugitive slave at Cincinnati, by a Judge of the Supreme Court of the United States, sitting in chambers, has at- tracted a good deal of attention, on account of the completeness and force of the judgment. There was no dispute as to the facts. Washington M'Querry, a Negro, who had escaped from Kentucky, bad lived four years as a free man in Ohio. His former master, Henry Miller, came there the other day, and claimed him. But a writ of habeas corpus was granted, and Henry Miller had to show that M'Querry was a fugitive

from labour in Kentucky ; and this he did so fully that there remained no doubt upon the subject. The Judge decided that the slave should be remanded back to his master ; because the Constitution provides for the rendition of persons who have escaped from one State into another, on the claim of the party to whom they owe "service or labour." Re clearly showed that Congress, not any separate State, has the power to enforce the provisions of the Constitution, and that all laws of the States opposed to the Constitution are null and void.

"Nor can there be a doubt that the term 'persona held to service or la- bour' applies principally to persona held as slaves. Madison, while assent-. leg to the provision, objected to the use of the term slave,' because it ex- pressed a thing repugnant to his sentiments; he did not wish the idea that one man could hold property in another recognized in the organic law of Ids country."

An appeal was sought from this decision to the full Court ; but Judge M`Lean held that he could not grant it. He gave time, however, to in- vestigate the question, Can there be an appeal from the decision of a Judge of the Supreme Court sitting in chambers ? Miller was bound to return M'Querry to Ohio should an appeal be found to lie. In the mean time, M'Querry was lodged in Covington Gad, on the Slave bank of the Ohio river.

Two departments of American industry seem to have been brought out strongly by the New York Exhibition—the manufacture of glass, and the production of wine. It appears that there is a vast mirror in the tion, of a hundred square feet ; that the Republicans are developing a great fondness for glass ornaments; and that the manufacture is immense and of great promise. Report speaks very favourably of the sherry of Georgia, a kind of hock grown in New Jersey and Pennsylvania, and wines of new kinds grown in Ohio and other States.

The latest accounts of the yellow fever at New Orleans extend to the 24th August. On that day 299 bodies were buried ; and the average daily rate of mortality by the scourge, for a week ending 22d -August, was 227. Some efforts had been made to purify the city ; cannon were discharged frequently, and tar-barrels set blazing. The fever had reached Natchez, where 200 had died in a few days, out of a population of 6000.