fforeign an Oolonial.

Fnawm—In the Assembly, on Friday, M. Passy, the Minister of Fi- nance, read an exposition of the state of the national treasury.

He reviewed the different budgets during the last ten years, and showed the deficit annually increasing. The Revolution of February had, moreover, aug- mented the expenditure of 1848 by 265,000,000 francs, and occasioned a diminu- tion in the produce of the indirect taxes of 150,000,000 francs. The proceeds of the extraordinary tax of 45 centimes had not sufficed to cover the difference. The final deficit for 1849 had been estimated at 91,000,000 francs; but he did not hesitate to extend it to 184,000,000 francs. The whole de- ficit on the tat of January 1850 would exceed 550,000,000 francs. As not more than 350,000,000 francs of this amount could be conveniently left in the shape of floating debt, he proposed to ask a loan of 200,000,000 francs. The expenditure for the year 1850 he calculated, including the sinking-fund, at 1,591,332,077 francs; and as he calculated the receipts, including the duty on -potable liquors, at only 1,270,953,849 francs, the deficiency will not be less than 320,378,228 francs. To provide in future for an equilibrium of receipts and ex- penses, he proposed-1. The creation of new 'imposts and taxes to the amount of the sate which the Treasury needs. 2. A new arrangement of the sinking-fend, eo as to make it applicable solely to Rentes actually annulled. 3. The constitu- tion of obligations for special services applicable solely to the expenditure on ex- traordinary public works. The new taxes and the new arrangement of the sink- ing-fund were not specified; but M. Passy hoped by the latter to save 7,000,000 francs per annum. The obligations for expenditure on public works would be of 500 francs each, and would be issued every year according as they might be re- quired. They would be reimbursed by lot, and by means of a sinking-fund of two per cent, to be set aside for each series; and the interest on them would be regulated at a rate which must not in any case exceed the medium rate of the Reines during the previous month.

M. Passy did not conceal his opinion that the financial state of France is a very grave one; and his exposition caused a general sensation of anxiety.

On Monday, M. Arnaud (de PAriege) questioned the Foreign Minister, itt de Tocqueville, on the affairs of Italy. In reply, M. de Tocqueville took up the affair at the point when he forwarded to M. D'Hareourt, on the 6th June last, a despatch instructing him on the objects which the Government had in view in the intervention.

That object was, to maintain for France her just influence; "to restore the Pope to his former place"; to prevent the effects of a violent reaction; and to insure the just reforms requisite for the Roman people. No one could deny that the first point has been attained. It was easy now to criticize what had been done; but let any one consider what had been the position of Italy when the ex- pedition was undertaken: Lombardy overrun, Piedmont conquered, the Dutchies in the power of foreigners, every part of the country out of its normal condition.

A Voice on the Left—" Why did you let it arrive, then ?"

The Minister—In such a state of things there were only two modes of acting —war, or intervention such as bad taken place. But war was not possible when the Constituent Assembly, on the discussion of the Budget, had insisted on the necessity of a reduction in the army. (Interruption on the Left.) Nothing re- mained but the intervention which had been decided on. Then what had been the result? The French army now were masters of Rome, and beyond soy doubt occupied a most lofty position in the minds of the world. He _passed a high eulogium on the conduct of the French expaltionary array, for their forbearance and humanity, and for the high example of civilization which they had given in their treatment of Rause and its im- mortal monuments. As to the restoration of the Pope, he avowed that the Pontiff ought to be in a position of independence; and that such a position could only be insured when the temporal power was stemmed to him. (Disap- probation on the Left.) He had strong reasons for believing that this was also the wish of the Roman people. He reads letter from M. Bixio to that effect; and despatches from M. Lesseps, stating that the people were opposed to the move- ment entered on, and attributing that movement principally to the counsels of the foreigners in Rome. "The population of Rome, when the French troops entered their city, presented the singular spectacle of being much more in favour of the conqueror than the conquered"; and he believed that the French Go- vernment, in rescuing the people of Rome from the bondage to which they had been subjected, had done a good work for humanity. (Loud applawe on the Right.) But when he spoke of the restoration of the Pope, did he mean that the old abuses were to be maintained ?—Certainly not. Whatever reforms ought to be carried oat in the administrative and judicial institutions of the country ought to be strenuously insisted on, as by means of them only the head of the Catholic Church could attain his real grandeur. He had the greatest pos.. Bible admiration for that most excellent institution of morality the Catholic Church. He believed that the nations which cherished it best were most likely to hold a high position in the minds of men; and it was with a view to restore that establishment to its legitimate grandeur that the expedition to Rome had been decided on. As to the reforms which ought to be carried out at Rome, he did not intend then to tench on that question. (Ironical cheers on the Left) He could, however, declare two things on the point; the first, that he had every reason to think and to know that the Pope was fully of opinion that these reforms should take place; and the second, that the expedition to Rome ought not to end in a sterile and useless result.

The speech of M. de Tocqueville produced a pungent onslaught on the foreign policy from M. Jules Fevre; who in return was attacked by M. de

Falloux with considerable animation' and as successful an effect on the Chamber. The Assembly resolved, by 428 to 176, to pass to "the order of the day pure and simple."

On Monday, M. Dufaure, the Minister of the Interior, unexpectedly in- troduced a bill for raising the state of siege in Paris and the other depart- ments of the first military division.

The Patric and the Evenement announce that General Ondinot has been recalled from Rome; the one alleging as a reason that Government feels

his military mission to have been completed; the other that the General is disgusted with the obstinacy of the Gaeta camarilla, and has demanded his recall When at Tours last week, the President of the Republic visited the co- lony of Mettray. He examined its minutest details with great interest, and several times repeated his regret that he did not see similar institutions founded in all the departments. He concluded his visit by desiring the re- mission of all punishments incurred through breaches of the establishment regulations.

Some of the principal manufacturers of articles suited to the trade with China have recently had interviews.with the Minister of Commerce on the subject a forming a factory at Canton, to promote French commerce in that country.

kat-v.—The Provisional Municipal Commission created by General Oudinot has despatched an address to the Pope, which alludes to the ne- cessity of granting such institutions as may insure the welfare and tran- quillity of the people. The reply takes no notice whatever of this sugges- tion, but merely thanks the Municipal Commissioners for their protesta- tions' of loyalty, and encourages them to the execution of their duty; directing them at the same time to apply 300 scudi for the employment of the poor. It is stated that Mausiani has been expelled from Rome, with several other members of the Moderate party who oppose Republicanism

but demand the secularization of the government; among them Dr. Pan- taleone. An address to the ROMMIS bearing the wide date "Italy, July 1849," and signed "for the Triumvirate, Mazzini," is privately circulated in Rome. It exhorts the Romans, who "have given many proofs of military daring, to give now proofs of civil courage." "Make visible to the world the separation that exists between you and your betrayers. Let Rome be their camp, but not their city; and let the name of

traitor to Rome be given to him who, contrary to his honour and conscience, has any dealings with the enemy. The necessities of Europe will not permit Rome to become the conquest of France or of another nation. Let their occupation have all the character of a conquest. Isolate the enemy, and Europe will raise

its powerful voice for you. Let the Municipality make it known that it adhered voluntarily to the Republican form of government, and the abolition of the tem- poral government of the Pope, aud that it will consider every government LO be illegal that does not emanate directly from the people. From every district, from every provincial town, let lists appear of thousands of names who attest the same faith and invoke the &ZOO rights. In the streets, in the theatre, in every, suitable place, let the cry be heard, Away with the government of the priests:

'Freedom of vote!' and lifter that sole cry let there be silence. On the disp_laY of the Pontifical arms let those who swore to the Republic retire from office.

Fear not; they cannot imprison thousands, they cannot compel a whole people to disgrace themselves. . . . Your National Assembly is not dissolved—it is 0131Z separated. Your Triumvirs, compelled by the force of circumstances to suspend their public action, still watch over your affairs, and will direct your conduct when the opportune moment arrives."

The Semaphore de Marseilles of the .31st July states, that the Roman re- fugees who were denied admission at Malta had been brought back to Ci- vita Vecchia by the French steamer Lyourgue. They were then, by the order of Admiral Trehouart, placed on board the Narval, and despatched to the island of Corsica.

GERXAWY.—The Pressian Parliament was opened by Count Branden- burg, tinder orders from the King, on the 7th instant. The portions of the Icing's speech which are of interest are those referring to the late operations of the Prussian army in the South, to German unity, and to the finances of the state.

"We have conceived it our duty to oppose with strength and vigour that domi- nation of terror which a misguided party began to exercise over Prussia and Ger- many. We have sought to reestablish the tranquillity and order which have been so much disturbed. But we have laboured, on the other hand, with the same resolution, through recognition of the true needs and just demands of the nation, to lay the ground of a lasting spliet, and in this way to deprive new at- tempts at revolution of all_ foundation and pretext. . . . . The heir to the throne has, at the Lead of the troops led on by him, shared their dangers and labours; and a young prince of the royal house has shed his blood in their

ranks. *

"If the attempts to arrive at an understanding with the German National As- sembly, broke down to our great regret, in consequence of the turn which things took at Frankfort, the Government of his Majesty has not acknowledged with less candour the 'abeam of that Assembly, and used these as the groundwork of their earnest and zealous endeavours to promote the work of the constitution, so far as was compatible with the beneet of the whole and with the rights of single partieS• The unity of Germany, with an unitarian executive power at its head, which will represent its name and interests with dignity and strength, and the freedom ef the German people secure,d by a popular representation with legislative power, was and continues to be the aim of our endeavours. We have recognized the complete compatibility of both conditions with the secure political existence of all German countries. The draught of the Federal Constitution attests that no sacrifices are demandelfrm Prussia or. any ether German State, as far as its independence is concerned, but suck as are inseparable from the erection of a truly national fede- ral state. For the formation of .such a federal state, negotiations have been entered into with the plenipotentiaries of the German Governments. The results already obtained, concerning which complete information with justificatory docu- ments will be laid before the Chamber, inspire the hope that, aided by the coopers- tint of upright and enlightened friends of the Fatherland, and particularly of the men who are here assembled in order to represent the Prussian people, our en-

deavours will not remain fruitless. •

it Notwithstanding the great pecuniary sacrifices demanded by extraordinary circumstances, we may regard with satisfaction and tranquillity the state of our bailees. The country has not been so deeply shaken that the revennesaof the state did not suffice to answer even heavy requirements, without resorting to ha- zardous financial experiments, or exhausting the means of taxation in order to seek a precarious assistance."

AIISTRIA.—The Imperial armies have made important movements. Prince Paskievicz crossed the Theiss, at Poroszlo on the 27th July, and fixed his head-quarters at Tissa Fared, which is on a main road leading to Debreczin and Grosswardein. Nearly at the same point of time, General Raynau advanced rapidly with an army Southwards, and on the 2d of August had fixed his head-quarters at Kis-Telek, half-way between Fele- gY haza and Szegedin. The movements of the Hungarians are impenetrably veiled. The movement of the Russian army Eastward looks like an attempt to keep Georgey's Northern army isolated, and to crash it alone with the immense force of the main army. The movements of Haynau, so sudden and so far-Teaching to the South, would be perfect rashness if it were an unconnected maneeuvre: it is most likely a diversion in favour of the Rus- sian rear, which was threatened by masses of troops of unknown numbers under Dembinski, who retired from Buda on the 9th of June to reorganize the army of the middle Theiss. The movement of Ilaynau threatens Sze- gedin, and threatens a relief of the defeated and disorganized army of the South under the Ban Jellachieh; and it would force Dembinski to the South. Such are the general features. Meanwhile, there are still con- stant reports of minor successes by the Hungarians. The last assertion is that Raab was suddenly surprised and entered on the night of the 4th, and after a sharp conflict with the garrison. Six guns, several officers, 2,400 head of cattle, and 30,000 quarters of wheat, were carried off to Comorn. Some of the accounts say that this exploit was performed by a detachment from Aulleh's army, said to be coming Northwards on the right bank of the Theiss despite Nugent's resistance. But it is more probably that of a strong force from Comorn, which is said to be now garruione,d with 15,000 men under General Klapka.

THE WF.ST INDIES.—The Teviot mail-steamer arrived at Southampton on Sunday.

The Legislature of Jamaica was called together on the 26th June, and was addressed by Sir Charles Grey in a speech urging the Assembly to for- get party differences and proceed at once with the business of the colony. Sir Charles touched on the point of retrenchment approvingly, but with warning against excessive reduction; and he intimated that he had received despatches from the Imperial Government. On the 28th, two of these de- spatches were laid before the Assembly. The first discussed, in a spirit of censure, the votes of the Assembly for the partial stoppage of the supplies. It also lectured on the form of the island government; with an intimation that the Imperial Government might not be unwilling to concur in a change of the present local government for the Canadian form. The second de- spatch shortly and simply approved of the conduct of the Council in re- jecting the Retrenchment Bill. A Committee of the Assembly reported on these two despatches; maintaining the ground taken by the majority of the Assembly, and using very firm though temperate language.

By reference to the condition of the colony, they justified the policy of retrench- ment which the majority have endeavoured to carry out; they repelled the charge insinuated by Lord Grey against the Assembly, of partiality in their proposals of reduction; and they replied to the Colonial Office argument based on alleged gua- rantees. "If the holders of offices accepted them solely from a consideration of the security they believed they should possess for the official salaries thus granted to them,' so may the Assembly be permitted to state that the guarantee given by Government and the King's Representative in this island of that day, to uphold and protectthe emancipated colonies against slave-holding countries, was the foundation of the faith upon which was based, at the urgent solicitation of the Imperial Government, the expensively extended institutions of the island. The Imperial policy having been departed from, and the guarantee broken, the internal resources of the island became so crippled that no alternative was left but to re- model all its institutions on a scale commensurate with its diminished revenue. In this endeavour justice to all admitted of no exceptions." On the subject of responsible government, they averred that there is throughout the colony the utmost unanimity of conviction that a reform in the Legislative COUlleil has become indispensable. "The conduct of that Board on the subject of retrenchment, which, both ins prospective and immediate shape, has been opposed by them since 1844, has only induced the public expression of that conviction. Its constitution has been for some time past distasteful to the inhabitants. However just the decision at which the Board may have arrived on this question, the cir- cumstance of salaried officers deciding against the reduction of their own salaries, was not more to be deplored than that judges of the land should be identified with the local politics and prejudices of a limited community."

They correct an error into which Lord Grey has fallen in regard to the control of the Representatives over supplies. "It is for them, and them alone, to decide the amount of supply, its duration, and its appropriation. This authority it has been in the custom of resorting to whenever there appeared a necessity for its ex- ercise; it is, under the present constitution of the island, the safeguard of the nghts and liberties of the people; and the Assembly will not surrender to motives of expediency that which reason, experience, and principle alike defend. If her Majesty's Representative, therefore, should hesitate to accept a supply on such con- ditions as may appear necessary to the Representatives of the People, on her Ma- jesty's Government will rest the responsibility of such a coarse."

In conclusion, they expressed regret that Lord Grey appears to be ignorant of the extent of distress suffered by the inhabitants of Jamaica; "which could alone Justify the tone of a despatch which maintains to the utmost the salaries of the nominees of the Crown, is destructive of some of the dearest privileges of the Assembly, and concedes nothing to the poverty of the people." That distress it Wag the duty of the R-presentatives Justly to weigh; "and while they have hitherto endeavoured to reconcile by calm and moderate action, the opposing in- fluences which Imperial policy has induced, the prostrate condition of the Island may demand on future deliberation a more searching and comprehensive financial reform."

A motion was made in the House, by Mr. Osborn, one of the members for St. Andrew's, and of the King's House or Government party, to pro-

ceed with the unfinished business of the several prorogued sessions. This. was powerfully opposed by the Country party; and the following amend- ment, proposed by Dr. Spalding, was carried by 19 to 11—

" That, as there seems to be no disposition on the part of her Majesty's Go- vernment to afford the redress so urgently prayed for and demanded by this House and the people, as set forth in various memorials and petitions, but, on the contrary, every desire has been evinced to continue the present extravagant ex- penditure, which the impoverished condition of the inhabitants renders it impos- sible longer to sustain, the House considers that it will best consult the rights and interests of their constituency by abstaining from any attempt at the further exercise of legislative functions until the people shall have expressed their de- cision on the coarse which has been hitherto pursued by the House." The resolution thus passed was sent to the Governor on the 6th July. Sir Charles Grey immediately took up the gage. He commanded the at- tendance of the Assembly; addressed them in a brief speech, directed chiefly to counteract their charge against the Board of Council, that it had opposed economy; and forthwith pronounced the ,dissolution of the As- sembly.

At the departure of the steamer on the 8th July, the excitement of pre- paringfor the elections was already rising. The elections would commence in the middle of August, and the writs were returnable on the 2d September. It was the general impression that the King's House party would be in a still smaller minority after the elections than at present.

Several more meetings had been held to petition the Imperial Govern- ment to adopt compulsory measures against the Spanish and Brazilian Governments for the enforcement of the treaties by which they have bound themselves to assist us in suppressing the slave-trade. At one of these it was asserted, that the trade has been as extensive during the past year as it was during the seven years previous to the passing of the act for its sup- pression; and the alleged results of abolition on Jamaica were thus summed up -.

"Since the abolition of slavery in the English Colonies in the year 1833, 140 sugar-estatee, then in cultivation in Jamaica, have been abandoned, and the works broken up; those estates contained 168,032 acres of land, and there were 22,533 labourers employed upon them: 465 coffee-plantations, containing 188,400 acres of land, and employing, in 1832, no less than 26,833, have likewise been aban- doned and the works broken up." From British Guiana there are papers to the 5th July. The Royal Ga- zette of that date says—

"We are happy to say that his Excellency the Governor has succeeded, without the exercise even of a single vote of his own, in carrying within the last fortnight an estimate for 1849-50 through the Court of Policy. . . . Nor, fortunately, has any difficulty arisen with regard to the civil list item. The good sense of the majority of the Court of Policy, we are glad to state, has acquiesced in the recommendation of the Government to omit that item altogether from the annual estimate, (on which, indeed, it ought never to have been placed,) and to refer it hereafter in the shape of a distinct memorandum to the Combined Assembly. "The Court of Policy at the present moment stands adjourned till tomorrow the 6th; when it is proposed to take up the Franchise Bill. All excitement upon this measure has subsided; probably from the conviction on the minds of the friends of the Government and of the Reformers that the bill is quite safe and sure to be carried."

The Royal Gazette, however, had gill to regret, that with regard to the estimate of 1848-49 nothing had been done.

The St. Lucia Palladium says that the Committee of Council on the state of the island Treasury have discovered that "the deficiency of revenue as shown by the books is a mere fiction." Their researches esta- blish the fact, that "the accruing revenue is amply sufficient to meet the current expenses, after paying the arrears of 1848, amounting to 8891. Its, 11d., without taking into account the arrears due the colony for 1848, and amounting to 1,2841. 138. 11d, as shown by a return furnished by the Treasurer." The Committee however, have unveiled the "most horrible" facts with regard to the proceedings of the Treasury-officers. Peculation and embezzlement had been rife, and several officers have been removed or suspended. Pending legal measures prevent the disclosure of details.

From the other islands the accounts relate chiefly to the crops, and are generally very favourable. The season at Barbados has been "the most productive ever known "—the crop from 33,000 to 35,000 hogsheads; at Trinidad "the season very fine "—the "crop good and nearly all shipped.* From Jamaica, however, there are complaints that the rains have been par- tial, and that the crops are deficient in the regions where drought prevailed.

UNITED STATES AND CANADA.—The accounts by the Niagara, which left New York on the 25th July and arrived at Liverpool on Monday last, are only of secondary interest. The Slavery question was assuming a more prominent position as a political topic, and the Emancipationists were apparently gaining ground. The question had brought Mr. Van Buren and Mr. Henry Clay into political unison, after a life of antagonism. The other features of the American news are minor and miscellaneous: such as these gleanings.

A ship canal from the St. Lawrence to Lake Champlain was in contemplation. A cotton factory, the first of its kind in the vicinity, had been erected in Northern Ohio. Generally, manufacturing industry appears to be spreading in the South- ern States.

At St. Louis, riots had occurred, originated amongst the Irish population. The struggle became sectional, and hundreds took sides with the respective parties-. the North and South Irish. Several persons were severely injured; but the ring- leaders were punished. At Charleston, two Negroes, convicted merely of an assault on some White la- bourers, had been sentenced to death.

A man named Jack Mills, having murdered a respectable citizen of Rio Grande city, (Texas,) by deliberately shooting him down with his revolver at a fandango, he was formally lynched by the Mexican inhabitants of the place. A meeting was held, resolutions determining upon Mills'e extermination were passed, and a committee appointed to carry the resolutions into effect; which they did most fatally, by perforating his body with full thirty balls. Accounts from Florida announce, that an attack had been made upon the set- tlement at Indian River, South Florida, by the Seminole Indians; and state that the settlers had all fled in consternation, and arrived at St. Augustine, in a des- titute condition.

From Montreal, telegraphic reports had been received in New York to the 19th July. It was stated that the spread of the cholera had raised a complete panic in Montreal. The Seventy-first Regiment had been sent to St. John's, and Lord Elgin had yielded the removal of the Nineteenth Regiment to the island of St. Helen's. The Courier and Enquirer con- tains a letter from Montreal written in a similar tone to that of the com- munication published by us last week. The following extract presents some additional features-

" The lull in our political atmosphere must not be considered as a sign that the storm is over; for, if anything, the feelings of men are more embittered, and

the cry for change more general. Nor can we be accused of not knowing what we seek. The end we desire is very plain, and it can be lent in one word—prosperity. It is concerning the means of obtaining this that differences of opinion ans.. On the one point men of all parties are agreed, that there must be some change. The commercial depression is unparalleled. The streets present the appearance of an eternal Sunday, and the city is literally deserted. What business IS effected is done by some dozen old-established mercantile houses. As to speculation, there is nothing of the sort, if we except the speculation concerning the future. The banks refuse all paper but of the first class. Rents have fallen, houses are empty, real estate depreciated, the Government without money, the town without bade. These fact are apparent. They need no agitation to point them out; and what is more, the feeling appears to spread that there is little hope from England. Yet there is a party in Western Canada which still turns to the Mother-country, and that party by no means an inconsiderable one. Their idea seems to be a federal union of the Provinces, doing away altogether with the old division-lines, and erecting municipalities with the power of controlling their affairs indepen- dently of the House of Assembly. Such a step would certainly be a saving in the expenses of government; for there would be but one Governor-General, Council, and House of Assembly, instead of three. In one sense the interests of the colonies are identical in obtaining a market for their produce in your [the United States] rich country."