THE MAGAZINES.
Is the new Nineteenth Century the Bishop of Carlisle writes with sympathy and insight on "The Now Education." An old champion of the ladder of learning, and a supporter of tho democratic desire for the better education of the masses, he is yet moved to utter a caveat against the indefinite multiplication of scholarships connecting primary with secondary schools. That is, in his view, an outcome of the old illusion that education is principally an affair of the head, and that schools are the all-supreme instrument in the development of children. But " no school, however good, can do its best for children so long as the educational temperature at home is low and frigid, and teachers are not enthusiastically backed up by parents." Education must have its roots in the home, not in State guidance. "The new education will attend as carefully to the hearts of children as to their heads, to their souls as to their minds" :—
" The omens for the introduction of a larger, freer, higher spirit into our national education are at present very favourable. The War is waking us up. It is showing us convincingly how much a well-planned and strenuously administered system of technical education can accom- plish in material progress. But with equal force it is showing us that moral bankruptcy may dog the heels of material prosperity ; that no growth is better than its seed ; and that the law is immutable that they who sow to the flesh will of the flesh reap corruption.' In Prussia the schools and universities are overridden by the State. They have no independence or self-direction. If the ideals of the State are low, they are not free to -diseard and rise above them. Happily it is nob altogether so with us. Our State ideals are steadily, although slowly, ascending ; and no inconsiderable proportion of our teachers and managers are craving for larger freedom to foster their own ideals."
From the quickening influence of the new spirit the Bishop of Carlisle forecasts the fusion of classes, the development of the nation's collective soul, and the exaltation of labour to its proper and inherent dignity. As for the pile of religion in the new education, he trusts that it will occupy a high place and attain a great power, "but conventional notions of religious education will require considerable rev-hien before they can be successfully fitted into a genuinely national scheme."—Captain Philippe Millet writes a supplement to his delightful book in a paper on "Twelve Months with the British Army," illustrating with many happy anecdotes the need for the revision of traditional judgments and the essential humanity that links the two Armies. It is curious to find him saying, though helms nothing butkind feelings for the French-Canadians, "I do not hesitate to say that I feel I have more in common with an English speaking Tommy than with a Canadian who uses French as his vernacular; for the French-Canadian of to-day is still in many respeate a man of the seventeenth century, while the Tommy belongs to my own democratic and free-thinking time."—Mr. Lathbury writes on " Tho Latest Irish Problem," indicating the necessary reserves that must accompany concessions to Irish sentiment. Nationalist Ireland must do her part in a war that is hers as much as ours : the supremacy of the law must be unflinchingly asserted ; and it must be made clear now to all men" that the Home Rule Act makes a very important change in the conduct of the local affairs of Ireland, but none at all in the con- duct of those Imperial affairs which are reserved as strictly as ever to the Parliament sitting at Westminster."
The most noteworthy of the topical articles in the Contemporary is that of Mr. H. N. Bmilsford on "The Civil Strife in Greece." Mr.
• Plato and Chrietanil : Three Lectern. By William Temple. Loadoo : Macmillan and Co. [2s. net4 Brailsford shows a lively appreciation of the great services rendered to his country by M. Vonizelos, both before and during the war. Not only has he contributed more than any one else to the renaissance of Greece—superficial though it has proved to be—but, though a civilian, he possesses "an islander's understanding of sea-power" and "reasoned more acutely over the military situation than the soldier-King." The ascendancy of the cool and reserved Venizolos over the Greeks reminds Mr. Brailsford of that of Parnell over the Irish, with this difference— that "this habitually quiet and sober man differs from Parnell in the possession of eloquence." None tho less, Mr. Brailsford impresses on his readers the need of grasping the difficult fact that King Constantine is in reality a national loader who competes with H. Venizelos for the devotion of his people. How far this is due to the mercurial tempera- ment of the Greeks, how far to legend, and how far to real achievements in the second Balkan War is sot forth in Mr. Brailsford's illuminating pages. But the fact remains, and Mr. Brailsford is right in expressing the view that, while every friend of Greece must desire the success of M. Venizelos, it must be achieved by Greek opinion, or in the last resort by Greek, not by foreign arms. There is a real division of opinion ; it would be folly to force Greece to declare for us ; in a word, Greece must achieve her own salvation. "She can recover her self-respect only under the leadership of M. Venizelos, and it is difficult to hope much from half-measures. The Kings have been the curse of the Peninsula, and the creation of a Greek Republic, if Russia would allow it, might prove to be the first step towards Balkan freedom and unity." —Mr. Noel Buxton, M.P., writes on "The War and America," main- taining that President Wilson's policy has been distinctly benevolent to the Allies, but evidently inclining to the view that it does not much matter whether he or Mr. Hughes wins the Election. "Each is pro- Entente, but each must reflect the American desire for future stability above all other considerations."—Mr. Harold Spender's paper on the situation in Ireland resolves itself into a plea for the immediate establishment of a Home Rule Parliament, in return for which he regards it as a "moral certainty" that Ireland will give 'us a hundred thousand recruits. We may note that he describes the Sinn Fein outbreak as "a movement of the most trifling kind, possessed of only five hundred rifles," and speaks of the Hardinge Report as showing only one side of its incidents and causes.
in the National Review the editor gives special prominence to Mr. Lloyd George's interview with the head of the United Press of America on September 29th. He is very contemptuous at the expense of those who regarded it as an indiscretion, holding it rather to have rendered conspicuous service to the Allied cause by its timely frankness, which has since boon endorsed by the Cabinet as a whole. But this salutary result does not do -away with the need for seeing that the Cabinet lives up to its principles, and the editorial comments on the supineness of the Foreign Office are as severe as ever, Lord Grey running Lord Haldane closely as the especial bEte noire of the National Review, while " Censor " in a study of "The Children of the Coalition" deals faithfully with the backslidings of Mr. Boner Law, Lord Lansdowne, Lord Curzon, Mr. Long, and Mr. Austen Chamberlain. As for the war, to win it " domande infinitely more drastic organization of Imperial resources than at present," and the recall of Mr. Hughes is again insisted on. —Mr. Cope Cornford in "Submarines and Sea Power" maintains that the menace of submarine piracy renders the accepted doctrine of the control of the sea inapplicable ; that it threatens all maritime nations alike; and that no remedy will be effectual which does not discover the presence and the location of the invisible, and provide a means of its destruction which shall be available for use by merchant vessels.
In the FortnightlyMr. Archibald Third discusses the naval plans of the United States, andsays thatif these are carried out energetically America will have the second place in the naval world, and also that if we lose a large number of ships in a North Sea battle, although we may win the day, we may be reduced to a second place. How far the programme is one for the Presidential Election only remains to be seen.—"Politicus enumerates all the advantages to Germany to be achieved by a conquest of Rumania—food, oil, and all the loot of a well-to-do country ; forced labour, and probably forced soldiers as well ; German submarines sent down the Danube to blockade Odessa, and the loss of seven hundred thousand fighting men to the Allies. But on the other hand, if Rumania holds out now, equally great is her power of attack, both material and moral, morally because the German and Austrian peoples, feeling the effects of the blockade, have been taught that from Rumanian plenty will come their relief.—" Reims Revisited" is a very interesting paper by Mr. Gorse, who, while chronicling many of the terrible losses the Cathedral has sustained, is able to tell us that much has escaped. The vaulting, though it has had holes made in it, is practically intact, and of the great west rose window half remains. Some bad glass has perished and some good is left. Most of the tapestries were taken to Paris, but doubt still seems to exist as to the fate of many precious things. Mr. Gesso appears to think that the famous statues of the west front have not suffered very greatly ; but this view is not borne out by the photo- graphs taken before and after the bombardment and shown at the South Kensington Museum, and only within the last week Rebus has teen again heavily shelled.
- Blackwood contains& fresh instalment of the really delightful papers by "Odysseus '! describing "The Scone of War," The. war in the West has bound its chroniclers to limit their range to the ground at their feet. Their narrative is perforce "of the earth earthy." But the doings along the Greok coast, in Italian cities, and finally among the Alps enable us to lift our eyes and take a wider view. This we are able to do by the help of "Odysseus," who knows exactly what to describe and what to leave out seas to make thevision deeply interesting and significant. We catch a glimpse of a model Greek village clean and well cared for, thanks to the intelligence and benevolence of one of its sons returned home rich, and determined that his native place should be happy. Here the name of the prettiest of the schoolchildren was found to be Aphrodite. Com- menting on the gest-oulation, passion, and fervour with which the chief officer of a Greek ship conducts his intercourse with his crew, the writer comes to the conclusion that the Southerners "must have the strongest nerves of any people in the world, for the way in which they pour out their vital forces over next to nothing is little short of stupendous." When we come to Italy, and especially Lombardy, we realize the awful peril in which some of the beat-loved things of this world are placed. Our gratitude goes out to the gallant men who hold the line and keep the horde of devils from pouring over the Alps into the sacred land. The Alps, which to the traveller so often have looked like the walls of Heaven, have proved the salvation of Italy. How the Italian Army has availed itself of this bulwark, and also what is its spirit, are both strikingly described for us in this article.—Mr. J. Storer Clouston humorously recounts the difficulties novelists must have been put to by the advent of the war, which has made all their old plot material useless. He describes a series of conventional problem plots, of revolting young women, and the rest of the before-wartime commonplaces, and then shows how with alterations the old things can be used up " The Tale of a Casualty Clearing Station," by "A Royal Field Leech," is an account of experiences at the beginning of the war. The writer makes those early days and the characters of the actors live before us, notably the Second-in-Command, who uses every scanty moment of leisure for the study of architecture, and the mess-servant who can produce tea at short notice on a journey by the help of the boiler of the engine. A most dramatic touch is the description of the encountering of the Army on the retreat from Mons. There was no confusion, only an orderly march. Of course there was the strain later of adapting things to c-rcumstances, and heavy work with the wounded, but no disorganization.
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