_foreign arrb ITALY.—The accounts from Italy maintain their interest. Private

let- ters from Rome, to the 28th August, announce the important fact, that the Wing of Naples had declared, through his Ambassador to the Papal Go- vernment, his approbation of the system of reform adopted by the Pontiff, and his disapproval of the occupation of Ferrara by the troops of Austria.

Subsequent advices from Rome to the 31st August, mention the great excitement which the unexpected arrival of Cardinal Lambruschini, an Absolutist, had produced.

The Italian° states that, on the 18th, a Council of Ministers was held at Racconigi; at which, it is said, the King of Sardinia signed the protest against Austria. On the 23d, eight carts laden with muskets left the ar- senal of Turin for Rome.

..51re Contemporaneo announces that the King of Sardinia has invested Cardinal Ferretti with the Grand Cross of St. Maurice and Lazarus.

Meanwhile, Italian affairs have become the subject of interest in Paris.

The Gazette de France announces, that on Thursday sennight the Mar- quis de Brignole Salles, Ambassador of Sardinia, presented to the Ministry of Foreign Affairs a note, the substance of which was said to be the follow- ing— "In case his Holiness Pope Pius IX. should claim the armed assistance of his Majesty the King of Sardinia against Austrian invasion, his Sardinian Majesty will consider himself bound not to refuse the Sovereign Pontiff that assistance; it being his duty, as an Italian Power, to cause the independence of all the states of the Peninsula to be respected, as guaranteed by the treaties of Vienna." In the absence of M. Guizot, that note was received by M. Genie, the chief of the Cabinet; who was to forward it to the Minister. "We have," adds the Gazette," every reason to believe that the note was communicated on Wednesday to the King. This proceeding of the Marquis de Brignole Sidles produced a lively sensation in the diplomatic circles."

This was quickly followed by a report that Lord Palmerston had at length spoken out. It was believed in the best-informed quarters that the British Foreign Secretary had addressed a note to Prince Metternich, de- claring the right of every independent Prince or Government in Italy to introduce and carry out any reforms they might deem advisable in their own dominions; and that such reforms ought not to cause alarm to any neighbouring states.

An article on Italy in the Constitutionnel contains the following observa- tions— " We are assured that the movement throughout Italy has not alone caused Prince Metternich to reflect and to adopt a wiser course. He has experienced from England an extremely energetic opposition, and one which he was far from expecting. Not only has the British Government taken care to communicate to the Holy Father, (through an intermediary not official, because the English law forbids such a course, but) through a friendly channel, how much the British Go- vernment and the British nation applaud his courageous and liberal conduct; but, further, the Cabinet of Vienna has been apprized that any armed demonstration against the independence or the territories of the Pope or of Sardinia would call from the further part of the Adriatic the naval force of Great Britain,—a dan- gerous neighbour for Venice or for Trieste." There are signs of retractation on the part of Austria. The Roman Ad- vertiser of the 28th August reports that the following answer to the pro- test of the Legate of Ferrara had arrived from Vienna- " The Emperor declares that the occupation was ordered by Radetzky alone; 'who had, however, been invested with the power of judging when it might be right and necessary to take such a step'; that this proceeding is not considered an infringement of the rights of the Sovereign Pontiff, but is a right vested in the Emperor by the treaty of Vienna; that if his Holiness is of a different opinion, Austria consents to have the matter referred to an arbiter at the choice of the Holy Father."

The Pope, however, was understood to have replied, that before he could accede to an arbitration, Austria must reestablish the status quo in Fer- rara.

There was no change in the actual situation of affairs at Ferrara. On the 21st, General d'Auersperg, accompanied by his staff, rode out of the town to reconnoitre the advanced posts of the Papal troops; where a body of Swiss were intrenched with two pieces of artillery.

The Bologna journals of the 28th August announce the complete forma- tion of the National Gruard of that city and its rural districts. It con- elated of eight battalions of six companies each; and the Pope had ap- pointed for its Commander-in-chief the Marquis Guidotti, brother of the Senator of Bologna, and commander of the corps of armed Bolognese who marched against Rome during the insurrection of 1831.

The Grand Duke of Tuscany has commenced his career of reform by creating a Council of State invested with new powers. The Council is to consist of nineteen members, ten ordinary and nine extraordinary. The individuals named to compose this body are eminent for their learning and Liberal opinions. Among them are the Marquis Gino Capponi, the Mar- quis Cosimo Rodolfi, Signor Buonaroti, and Signor Lamporecchi, the head of the bar at Florence; Signor Granniui, an eminent lawyer, is to be Pre- sident.

By a decree dated the 26th August and published in the Italia, the new Council is directed to take into consideration at its first sittings a petition presented in favour of establishing a civic guard. This decree, besides its principal object, has also the effect of tacitly acknowledging the right of petition; a right hitherto refused in the collective form.

By another decree, a department of Justice and Grace is created, having equal prerogatives with the other departments of State, Finance and War. It is invested with the supreme judicial powers formerly belonging to the Consults, the superintendence of the courts of justice, and the decision of appeals from the resolutions of the higher Police department. The latter offers a guarantee against the hitherto arbitrary and uncontrolled power of the Police, and both decrees have a decided liberal tendency. Simultaneously with these measures, a change was announeed in the Cabinet of Tuscany. The new Cabinet is composed of the Liberal party: Signor Baldasseroni is Minister of Finance; Prince Corsini, Foreign Affairs and War; and Signor Cempini oontinues President of the Council.

Advices from Lucca, of the 27th ultimo, announce that the corps of Car- bineers have been disbanded, in consequence of the aversion in which they were held by the people. A regiment of Royal Dragoons was organized in their stead. The first order of the day issued was, that the military are never to use their arms against the people except violence be offered to them.

SPAIN.—The mystery which hung over the sudden visit of General Narvaez to Madrid has not been cleared up by the result. For the time, at least, his mission has failed. His effort at manufacturing such a Cabi- net as would please the Queen was utterly unsuccessful; and the task was devolved upon Sefior Salamanca. The Gazette of the 1st instant publishes the Royal decrees accepting the resignation of Seiler Pacheco and his col- leagues, and appointing Salamanca's new selection. The following are the members of the new Liberal Cabinet-

s. Salamanca, Minister of Finance; S. Patricio de la Escosura, Minister of the Interior; General Roe de Olano, Commerce, Instruction, and Public Works; Ge- neral Cordova, War; General Sotelo, Marine; S. Antonio Caballero, Under Secre- tary of State of the Foreign Department, was to direct it ad interim.

Seilor Garcia Goyena has since accepted the department of Justice, and taken the oaths of office: the Presidency of the Council, with the port- folio of Foreign Affairs, still remained open until the return of the Duke de Fries, who was expected in the capital on the 5th instant.

On the 2d instant, the new Ministers issued a programme of their intended course of policy, in the shape of an address to the Queen, whieh they reverently submit to her Majesty's approbation. They assume that Queen Isabella, in calling "the undersigned" near to her, "did not propose to confide the government of the Monarchy to one sole nor to exclude any other party from intervention in public affairs." The

Minis- ters see, like the Queen, "that to shut up the government of the state within the narrow limits of a party or band, is at the same time to fertilize the fatal germ of discord." Nor is this deplorable exclusion limited to persons. "Ideas, theories of government, the very advances of civilization, have been converted into party ques- tions." Such a state of affairs cannot longer continue without "the throne of a hun- dred kings" losing its lustre, "nor without the Spanish nationdesc.ending to the rank of less civilized people." The Ministers, then," cannot make themselves accomplices in the ruin of the Throne." In dedicating all their efforts to the inculcating of "principles of order," the Ministers "will not permit the threat of revolutionary violence, nor the menace of a retrogression." As servants of the state, "they seek upright, capable, and lop' men. What has passed is not to be recalled: it be- longs to history, and to history alone." " The reform of prejudicial Imposts, the encouragement ef agriculture and ma- nufactures, the removal of obstacles embarrassing to commerce, punctuality in the fulfilment of obligations as the fundamental bases of credit, the impulse to the disamortization of the property which is lost by being monopolized in the hands of the Government, the well-understood organization of the public force, of the tribunals charged to apply the laws, and of the civil administration, are objects to which the Government will attend with preference."

But before all, Ministers do not "hesitate to propose as the basis, pro and specimen of the system which they intend to follow, a full and complete obli- vion of the past. Thus there will rise " from amidst the ruins of the old parties a phalanx, liberal and monarchical, enlightened and robust, with whose constant aid the monarchy will return to occupy in the great European family the eminent place to which its resources and its history destine us."

Accordingly, they submit for the Queen's adoption the subjoined

"ROYAL DECREE.

"It being my royal will to consign to oblivion the dissensions and disturbances which have occurred in the monarchy during the last years, I hereby decree the following- " Art. 1. The representatives of my Government in foreign countries shall grant a passport for Spain to whatever political emigrants may flak it, without any other condition than exacting from them an oath of fidelity to my royal person and to the constitution of the monarchy. "Art. 2. All trials pending for political offences shall at once be desisted from, with no other exception than that of those which may be connected with the armed rebellion now going on. "Art 8. Those persons comprehended in the present decree who shall have served in the ranks of the ex-Infante Don Carlos, shall not be able to reside in the military districts of Catalonia, Arragon, Navarre, and the Basque Provinces, without a special authorization from my government

"Given at the Palace, the 2d of September 1847."

This is signed by the Queen and countersigned by all the Ministers.

Sefior Pacheco was to be accredited as Minister of Spain at Rome. Ge- neral Manuel de la Concha, yielding to the entreaties of the Queen, had consented to assume the government of Catalonia, and was to depart on the 4th instant for that province.

A letter from Madrid says, that before quitting office Sefior Pacheco wrote a letter to General Narvaez in the name of the Queen, in which he was commanded to return to Paris to resume his duties as Ambassador. General Narvaez declined to obey the command, and was merely waiting

for the appointment of a Minister of Foreign Affairs to send hr his-resigna- tion.

Among the chief incidents of General Narvaez's short-lived attempt to construct a Ministry, is the final interview which he had with the Queen. According to the account given by the Prase, her Majesty had previously received the General "in a manner which he neither expected nor de- served." The Prase then gives the following account of the audience.

"After coming to an understanding with the leaders of the Moderado party, General Naryaez presented to the Queen a list of the persons he was desirous of haying about him. This list was presented to her at seven o'clock on the evening of the 29th, and she promised a reply at midnight. a At a quarter to twelve General Narvaez was at the Palace; and on the Queen's return from the theatre, a few minutes later, the following conversation occurred; the authenticity of which we can warrant, almost even to the very. words.

"'Will your Majesty deign to inform me of the decision you have thought fit to take?'

" 'How ! the decision that I have taken, when the list you presented to me only contains the names of my enemies?' " 'At he names are those of men noted for their attachment to the Throne, and for their devotion to the person of your Majesty.' " 'I repeat, that most of them are my enemies.' a Will your Majesty, then, deign to point out those whose presence in the Ministry would be most agreeable to you?' "1 reject them all equally, and shall call upon the Progresisto ? '

Your Majesty doubtlessly forgets that the Progresistas are by tradi- tion, by their position, and by system, the most dangerous enemies of your throne, and-the adversaries of your prerogatives.' " 4 I forget nothing: my mind is made up; and at all events I can but at last keep the present Miiiistry

" Your Majesty will allow me to observe, that it was not necessary to call me away from Paris.' "'It was not I that called you.' "'Then my mission is at an end?' "'Completely (so; and you may go.'" The strength of the Carlists in Catalonia seems to be growing. On. the 27th ultimo, a serious engagement took place near Cervera between a column of Government troops and several united bands of Carnets, amount- ing to about 450 men. The regulars were already in full retreat when the column of Colonel Quesada arrived upon the field of battle, called Valfo- gona de Rincop, and compelled the Montemolinists to fly in their turn. The former had two men killed and several wounded; the loss of the Carl- late is not known. The situation of Barcelona continues to inspire the civil and military authorities with uneasiness.

Faafice.—A sort of Ministerial crisis would seem to be impending in Pith. It was stated early in the week that M. Guizot had arrived in the capital on Monday to attend a Council of Ministers. It appears, however, that, although summoned by the King to attend the Council hastily called for that day, M. Guizot did not obey the summons. He was induced, says report, to remain in the country from knowing that a matter personal to himself would come under discussion, which it was important to him to have settled. Marshal Soult's retirement being no longer questionable, the appointment of his successor as President of the Council became a mat- ter-of pressing necessity. M. Guizot naturally claimed the Premiership, but several of his colleagues, (and amongst them, it was said M. Duchatal,) frankly declared they would not serve under him. The King accordingly had the Duke-de Broglie recalled from London, as much for the benefit of his advice on other state affairs in this critical moment as to obtain his con- sent to accept the offer of President of the Council of Ministers, which would remove all cause of difference in the Cabinet. Several cammunka, tions were made on this subject to M. Guizot, at Val Richer, and to M. Duchatel, at Rambouillet, on Sunday, Monday, and Tuesday. All that had transpired wart that both would positively be in Paris on Thursday.

The King had issued a Royal ordinance which places Algeria under a form of government more civil in its character than it has previously been. After suppressing the present directions of the Interior, of Colonization, Public Works, Finance, and Commerce, established by the ordinances of the 15th April 1845 and 22d April 1846, it declares that there shall be a Direction of Civil Affairs in each of the provinces of Algiers, Oran, and Con- stantine; and that the present Sub-Directors of the Interior and of Coloni- zation shall assume the title of Sub-Director of Civil Affairs. There is to be in each province a Council of Direction, of which the Director of Civil Affairs is to be President. The Directors are to correspond with the Go- vernor-General. These Directors and members of Council are to be nomi- nated by the King. The tribes, or fractions of tribes, are to be under the exclusive direction of the Arab officers. Another ordinance is intended to prevent undue influence or collusion in the grants of lands in the colony, by declaring, with other regulations, that all grants of from 25 to 100 hec- tares shall be confirmed by the Governor-General upon the advice of the superior Council of Administration; those of 100 hectares and upwaida to be confirmed by the King, upon the report of the Minister of Warr and the advice of the Council of State.

The Moniteur of Wednesday publishes another ordinance, appointing M. Vaisse Director-General of Civil Affairs in Algeria.

Marshal Soult is said to be seriously ill at his estate of Soultberg. M. Mantel, Minister of the Interior, returned to Paris on Wednesday.

"We are assured," says the Patric, "that the conditions for the loan of. 850 millions-of francs are now being drawn up at-the Ministry of Finance. The adjudication will, it is said, take place on the 8th of November, and the payments will be monthly of ten millions each; so that it will require thirty-five months for the realization of the loan."

The Government has received a rebuff in the outset of its press prose- cutions. It will be recollected that proceedings were taken against the Dentocratie Pattifigua the Gazette de France and several other papers, for severe remarks made by them on the Praelin murder, as showing a great. degree of immorality and corruption in the higher ranks of society. The case against the Dernocratie Pacifirte came to trial on Tuesday ; and the Jury acquitted the editor. This defeat of the Government is a subject of great triumph on the part of the Opposition papers; which profess to re- gard the verdict of the jury as an indication of public opinion.

The disturbances which recently took place in the Rue St. Honore in consequence of disputes between a shoemaker and his journeymen, con- tinued at intervals during last week: but all was tranquil on Monday. Great complaints are made of the brutal violence of the police. Many, persons were beaten and arrested without the slightest evidence of their, connexion with the rioters.

The " affaire Praslin " has not been entirely forgotten in the newer interest of Italian and Spanish politics. Mademoiselle de Luzy_ Desportes remains in prison; and will, it is generally believed, be brought to trial. Many clerks are engaged in transcribing a mass of additional documents seized at the Hotel Sebastiani, at the Chateau of Vaux, and at Mademoiselle de Luzy's residence. They are said very seriously to com- promise the prisoner, and to exhibit the fatal influence she exercised over the whole fiunily.

The National mentions that the Prince d'Eckniuhl was much affected at the erroneous accounts of his conduct published by the newspapers. The rumour of the attempted assassination was founded upon a quarrel which took place between the Prince and a woman with whom he had been con- nected for some time. There was not, however, the slightest attempt at personal violence. The rumour of the quarrel has also probably been con- founded with an account of some violence towards a servant, which it is, said was committed by him a short time ago.

General Montesquiou has addressed a letter to one of the journals, °or- recting some erroneous details which had been given -respecting the recent suicide of his brother. He says- " Count Alfred de Montesquieu had united and reserved all the element. of prosperity; but his delicate and ill state of health caused and strengthened in him, for some time, sinister ideas, and a profound disgust of life. Affected with spleen to an extreme degree, he had no cause for unhappiness, but he was unhappy. He leaves a numerous family, all the members of which were equally worthy of his affection; and his great fortune was never compromised, nor even engaged any kind of speculation."

SWITZERLAND.—The discussion in the Diet on the expulsion of the. Jesuits was brought to a close on the Sd instant; when the twelve Can, tons and two Half-Cantons adopted the following proceeding- " In conformity with articles 1 and 18 of the Compact, the Diet is bound.to, watch over the maintenance of order and the internal, security of the Confedera,, tion.

"Considering that the existence and the secret practices of the Jesuits are in- _ compatible with the order and peace of Switzerland, and seeing, in fine their pre. Bence' particularly in Lucerne, one of the Cantons of the Directory—Decree,

"1. The question of the Jesuits is within the competency of the high Diet. "2. The Cantons of Lucerne, Schwytz, Fribtirg, and Valais, in which the Jesuits are established, are invited to expel them from their territories. "3. The admission in future of -Jesuits into any one of the Cantons of Switzer- land is interdicted."

The Diet, however, did not pronounce on the means by which the de- cision was to be enforced. This important step.is reserved for the Nevem- ber sitting. The representatives of Lucerne, Schwytz, and Valais, re- spectively protested in the name of their constituents, and declared that they would maintain the Jesuits in spite of the injunction of the Diet.

In the course of the sitting of the' 3d, the Directory informed the Diet, that -the_ Government. of. Lucerne was constructing additional fortifications - on different points along the frontier of Argun. That communication was. referred to the Committee charged with presenting propositions for the dis- solution of the Sonderbunii.

The decision of the Diet to dismiss from the Federal service all the - officers who took service with, theLeague had been carried into oomplete_, execution.

GREECE.—The insurrection organized by General Griziotti has been completely quelled by General.Grivas. On the.20th August, a serious en- gagement took place; in which, Griziotti was wounded so severely as to-be' unable to remain on the field. His troops then fled. The Royal force, however, suffered considerably in-the-encounter.

Murauco.—The arrival of, the Great Western mall-steamer, has. adde& a:few days' later intelligence from Mexico, but withoutehowing any change, in the .position of affairs. General Scott remained-at Puebla, with 15,000 men; and General Taylor continued at Walnut Springs. There was a.. strong party in Mexico for awarrangement with General Scott; and, on the other hand.; about 20,000 Mexicans-were prepared to oppose his entering the city; but, from the 'disunion amongst the leading men, it was expected that the United States-forces would meet with no serious opposition. The mortality at Vera Cruz, both in the hospitals and among the newly-arrived Americans, continued. There was no chance of introducing goods into the interior, and trade in consequence was at an end. The chances of' peace were considered slight.

WEST INDIES.—Jamaica papers complain much of the dry weather, and of want of shipping; and at Antigua the want of rain was severely felt. Accounts from Lucia report a-frightful whirlwind, followed by an earth- quake: but no serious damage to property or loss of life is mentioned.-: The Lieutenant-Governor-of Dominica had set out for England, leaving the Government in charge of Mr. James Lang Bremner, a Coloured gen- tleman. Large supplies of provisions had reached Barbados; but prima_ were high and distress prevailed. The Governor was establishing public libraries in the islands under his charge, for the use of all classes; and had recommended. the passing of an act for apprenticing ta the sea all the idle bays, as one of the modes of.relieving the Islands.