General Garibaldi arrived in Turin on the 3rd April. His
object, it is said, is to obtain a further measure of justice for the officers who served under him. They complain that their claims are too rigorously investigated, though every commission signed by Gari- baldi himself, or his recognized lieutenants, has been admitted as genuine. A considerable number, however, have been transferred to branches of the service to which they do not belong, and the artillerists, in particular, object to the exchange. The working Men's Association presented him with an address deploring the de- fenceless condition of Italy, and promising him half a million of bayonets should he give the signal. In his published reply, dated 3rd of April, Garibaldi speaks of the "vassal policy" of the Ministry, and of the "crowd of lacqueys" who support it, but these offensive expressions are said to be due to a reporter. The reply acknowledges a "dualism" between the regular army and the volun- teers, but recommends concord above all things. The division be- tween Garibaldi and the King's Government appears likely to ter- minate, the war department making great efforts to raise a new army, to which the Gaiibaldians will flock. The great difficulty, however, of the Italian Government is the condition of the southern provinces which has produced a long discussion in Parliament. The malcontents urge that civil order does not exist in Naples, that the number of public officials is enormous, that the Government is too centralized, that the National Guard is inefficient, and that the Garibaldians are oppressed. The Italian Ministry ac- knowledge the disorder, but attribute it to the multitude of brigands, convicts, and soldiers, let loose by the Bourbon Government. The same gloomy predictions, they contend, were made as to Lombardy, which has become a quiet and orderly province. As to the decentra- lization, Naples will be divided into four provinces—Naples, Cosenza, Bari, and Aquila—and an Administration placed in each, communicating directly with the central Ministry at Turin. The municipal law will be at once applied to the provinces, and the National Guard organized before the end of the month. Proceeding to give an account of the Works in progress or in con-
temptation, the Minister said that the railway which came down from Alessaildria to the IBmilia and the Marches was from Ancona alsongahore to reach the Nattier of the Teonto, and, crossing the Apennines, along the valleysef the Offanto and Sale, to terminate at Naples; so that the communication between Turin and that town all along that line would be opened within eighteen months, with the only interruption of three kilometres across the Apennines, and pro- bably some equally short tract about the city of Ancona. The Mi. nister spoke of other works of the same nature in Naples and Sicily, and concluded by assuring the Chamber that "the credit of this State was so firm that lie was daily solicited by most respectable contractors, all anxious to make surveys, and to obtain grants for railways and other public works." The local direction of Customs will be suppressed, and gradually the control over all departments drawn to Turin. The unity of the fi- nances will be the most difficult, the debt of Naples, six million ducats a year, being less by one-half than that of Piedmont. It is calculated, however, that with a single Administration and Army the local revenue will present a considerable surplus instead of the deficit regularly exhibited under the Bourbons. It is observable that no distinct statement of the finances of Italy has yet been made to Par- liament. Count Cavour, in a long speech in the Loser House on the 9th of April, repeated his conviction that a reconciliation between the Church and the State was essential to the tranquillity of Southern Italy. The Roman question, lie said, involved the Nea- politan. The Papal Government appears to think so also, for a wide re- action, based, it is said, upon clerical intrigues, has broken out during the week. Risings were commenced near Naples, in the Abruzzi, at Vico, and in other places, but they were all suppressed, several priests being arrested. The National Guard was employed in Naples, and the troops in the interior, but no account is given of the lives lost. The insurgents at Castiglione are reported to have com- mitted great atrocities. Duke Cazanella and Bishop Trota have been arrested. In Rome itself little has transpired except the illness of the Pope, who has been visited with slight rheumatic fever, caught during one of the Easter ceremonials. The Govern- ment has repudiated Dr. Pantaleoni and Father Passaglia who managed the negotiation recently opened with Turin. Father Passaglia was instructed by the Pope himself to confer with Count Cavour on the spiritual independence of the Holy See ; the Father returned impressed with the idea that peace might be secured, but the Pope had meanwhile surrendered himself to fanatics, and read the debates in the French Legislature, and refused to listen to any proposals. Full powers, however, came to Rome to the Father and Dr. Pantaleoni to conclude negotiations with the Papacy, whereupon Dr. Pantaleoni was exiled, and Passaglia disappeared. The sentence of exile was passed by the Pope himself.
The Times correspondent at Rome relates an amusing incident which occurred at the annual display a fireworks on the _Mem. Mr. Stockton, 'United States Minister, endeavoured to reach the place set apart for diplomatists to view the spectacle. His carriage, in spite of his ticket, was repeatedly turned back, and at last "his patience was not unnaturally exhausted, and he insisted on his right to pass, and ordered his servants to drive on. Thereupon there was much excitement among the Papal gendarmes and troops on duty, and three Pontifical Dragoons pranced about his carriage, or, as it has been described, charged down upon it—brandishing naked swords and displaying, as the Portuguese say, "ferocious faces to the enemy." The misguided cavalry of the Tiara and Keys were unpre- pared for the extent of Yankee resources. The undaunted represen- tative of the model republic drew from his pocket a repeater (a pistol, not a watch), and, levelling it at the dragoons, pledged him- self to give them its contents if they further opposed him. 'he sight of the six-shooter was too much for the nerves of the Pope's cavalry, who rode rapidly from the spot, leaving the Stars and Stripes trium- phant along the whole line. I am happy to say that the victorious force did not abuse its success or even pursue the routed foe, but contented itself with repairing to its allotted place and tranquilly contemplating the blazing sanctuary on the Pincio." On the follow- ing day, Mr. Stockton compelled the Papal Government to publish an apology.
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