MISS MARTINEAU'S SOCIETY IN AMERICA.

AT the close of a long work in 1534, our fair instructor was ordered to travel for two years; and she chose the United States, partly from a political curiosity to witness " the actual working of repub- lican institutions," partly from the advantage of a familiar toilette to one who is " too deaf to enjoy any thing like an aver- age opportunity of obtaining correct knowledge where inter- course is carried on in a fereign language." The boundaries of her travels were pretty nearly the boundaries of the State;-,—Niagara on the North, New Orleans on the South, and the frontier line of civilization on the West ; and she threaded the country in various directions. Washington she visited when Congress and the Su- preme Court was sitting. She was " acquainted with almost every eminent Senator and Representative, both on the Adminis-

tration and Opposition side; and was on friendly and intimate terms with some of the Judges." " She enjoyed the hospitality of the President, and of several of the heads of departments; and was in society from morning till night." In all the leading towns did our author reside ; she was domiciled in the country ; she con- sorted with professors and di % ines ; and saw—but let her say her- self what she saw and did.

" In the course of this tour, I visited almost every kind of institution : the prisons of Auburn, Philadelphit, and Nashville ; the insane and other hospitals

of almost every considerable place; the literary owl scientific institutions ; the

factories of the North, the ',Notations of the South, the farms of the West. I lived in houses which might be called palaces, in log-houses, aud in a farm- house. I travelled much in waggons, as well as stages ; also on horseback,

tad in some of the best and worst of steam. boats. I saw weddings and di ris- tenines; the gatherings of the richer at watering, places, and of the humbler at country festivals. I was present at orations, at land sales, anti in the slave-

market. I was in frequent attendance on the Supreme Court and the Senate ; and witnessed some of the proceedings of State Legislatures. Above all, I was

received into the bosom of many families, not as a stranger, but as a daughter or a sister. I am qualified, if any one is, to testify to the virtues and the peace of the homes of the United States; and let it not be thought a breach of confi- dence if I should be found occasionally to have spoken of these out of the ful- ness of my heart. " It would be nearly impossible to relate whom I knew during my travels. Nearly every eminent man in politics, science, and literature, anti almost every

distinguished woman, would grace my list. I have respected and beloved friends

of each political family, and of nearly every religious denotnination,—among slave-holders, colonizationists, and abolitionists ; a llllll ig farmers, lawyers, mer-

chants, professors, and clergy. I travelled among several tribes of Indians, and spent months in the Southern States, with negrnes ever at my beds. • " •

" It has been frequently mentioned to me that my being a woman was one disadvantage, and my being previously heard of another. In this I do not agree.

" I am sure I have seen much more of domestic life than could possibly have been exhibited to any gentleman travelling through the country. The nursery,

the boudoir, the kitchen, are all excellent schools in which to learn the morals and manners of a people ; and as for public and professional affairs, those may always gain full information upon such matters who really feel an interest in them, he they men or women."

The result dell these advantages is one cf the most methodical and elaborate examinations of the society a a country that. has perhaps ever been produced. Dividing her subject into four gtand parts, Miss MARTINEAU places Politics at the head of the first, and preaches upon them, generally and in relation to America, in a style at once ex cathedra, and, if closely examined, superficial. Site then treats of Parties in the United States, and of the Appa- ratus of Government and the Murals of Politics : the numerous subdivisions of each of which will be more readily shown in a tabular form.

APPARATUS OF GOVERNMENT. MORALS OF POLITICS.

Section I. The General Government. Section 1. Office.

2. The Executive. 2. Newspapers.

3. State Governments. :3. Apathy in Citizenship.

4. Allegiance to Law.

5. Sectional Prejudice. Li. Citizenship oh People Colour.

7. IV;tieal Non-existence Women. of of

The Second Part bears the equivocal, but, applied to society, all-embracing title of Economy. It cements a description, more or less full according to tile opportunities of the author, of the externals, manners, and modes of life amongst the various classes or rather peoples of America, especially of the four most marked races—the old New England country farmers, the planters of the Southern States, the speculating enterprising settlers of the West, and the pioneer of civilization, the backwoodsman. It also in- cludes a description of' a sailing tour on tile Northern Lakes two Valuable papers on agriculture, considered under the Disposal of Waste Land and Rural Labour; the internal improvements of the country, in Transport and Markets ; Manufactures—embracing the Tariff and Manufacturing Labour ; Commerce—including the Currency, and Revenue and Expenditure; and an excellent chap- ter.on the Morals of Manufactures, Commerce, and Slavery, in which the effects of tile last are displayed in the most searching and terrible manner we have yet seen. Civilization„ indifferently handled, is the subject of the Thild

Part. Its divisions are the Idea of Honour, Woman, Children, Sufferers—an equivocal term for criminals and paupers, and Utterance—a phrase of still greater ambiguity, but the meaning of winch is literature—that whose utterance may be said to convey a representation of the mind of the people. Under the head of the Idea of llonour, the feelings springing out of the possession of pro- perty, of social intercourse, and of caste, are described and dis- sected. Woman furnishes three sections, on Marriage, Occupa- tion. and Health.

The Fourth Part is devoted to Religion, in its science, its spirit, and its administration. A conclusion, telling the reader he must conelude for hitnself, terminates the work, with the exception of appendices, consistiug of various papers illustrating or extending the matters mentioned in the text.

The execution is of a mixed kind. In the general introductions to each part, and often in those to each particular division, the author attempts to exhaust the philosophy—to give a sort of uni- versal rationale of her subject. And this is neither accomplished itt a very m isterly manner nor expressed always in a very winning tone. 'I he lady dogmatizes, without displaying either the power or the knowledge which induces a reliance on dogmas. She is didactic without teaching, and exhibits too much of the " preachee, preachee."

Something of this defect is occasionally visible its the other parts, though not to the same extent or in a similar shape. It takes the form of theorizing on particular facts, and of broaching at least questionable doctrines. In the section on Property, Miss M aRTINSAn seems to hint at a new and improved scheme of pee- tistieracy; she falls foul of MILL, JEFFERSON, and JEREMY BENTHAM, for excluding women from politics; some of the pas- sages too might have been written at home ; and she occasionally displays a forced manner, a straining after effect, winch, however pardonable in a periodical, is not adapted to the gravity of three volumes.

These are drawbacks; but the work will well bear them, for the breadth, the variety, the matter, and the spirit of the remaining parts. The studies of the author as a political economist and politician have sharpened and methodized her natural powers of observation in all that relates to government, social institutions. commerce, or the useful arts. Her practice as a tale-writer has

had a similar effect with regard to the less tangible and more fleet- ing peculiarities of character, manners, and habits ; whilst she tests them by a higher criterion, and turns them to more useful and better purposes, than a mere novelist. With living priuciples and facts, and the applications she makesof them, Miss M ARTINEAUalSO intermingles some rich descriptions of natural scenery, very plea- sant narratives of brief tours, and dramatic sketches of the persons and occurrences on the road. All these, however, are literary ex- cellences, which might have had only a barren if note mischievous effect as respects the main object of the book, the representation of " Society in America: " but the author has brought to her task a mind perfectly unprejudiced so far as concerns national or con- ventional feelings ; and her volumes must be ranked, loqgo inter- vallo, as the best, the truest, the fullest, and, in despite of occa. sional blemishes, the most philosophical work that has yet ap- peared on the social condition of the United States.

And this social condition is better upon the whole with regard

to manners—using the word in its most extended sense of be- haviour and social intercourse— family morals, and the do- mestic affections, titan the most moderate of Miss MARTINEAU'S predecessors would have led us to suppose. At the same time, it seems worse than the foulest libellers of America have ever as- serted in much that concerns the external relations between man and man, or between man and the community, as well as in the arts which grace and elevate humanity. Miss MARTINEAU fully bears out DE TOCQUEVIL LE's assertion in respect to the tyranny of the majority, not with regard to actions, but to a point which

should be still freer—opinion. Not only do private individuals and public persons shrink from avowing unpalatable doctriees, but the two great organs more especially charged with the inculcation of truth without regard to trimming policy or temporary results—the press and the pulpit—are silent and enslaved. If a few, prepared to become martyrs, met to give a practical effect to their ideas, they are mobbed, not by the lower classes, but by the rich and

respectable. If Miss MARTINE:Au is correct, the struggle is fiercer in America ter wealth, than it is in England for subsistence,. without the plea of necessity, anti without the redeeming or adorn- ing graces, ou matter whence derived, of art and science and learnitig and letters. Whether from the tyranny of habit or opi- nion, no leisure is left even to the rich ; professional men are generally underpaid, generally overworked, and, as professional men, always undervalued. The morality of the best States, though superior to that of Europe, is not so pure as one would have sup- po,ed. In the Middle and Southern States, murder is legal zed un- der the fiction of the duello ; the Southern and New Western. States are still worse— "t purple land, where law secures not life."

In all these last-mentioned provinces, there is the curse of slavery in athhtion, and of slavery under such circumstances as never, we believe, existed elsewhere. The picture drawn of this subject by Miss MARTLesau is one of the most frightful social expositions we remember, and all the more frightful for its perfect .calmness„ imelerat ion, and justice. We do not allude to the physical sufier. ings of the slaves—fur, generally speaking, they seem to have been much exaggerated, and Miss MARTINEAU treats them slight. ingly, and considers them, where they exist, as of secondary con- sequence. Indeed, in all the obvious ills which appeal at once to oar physical sympathies, the results appear to be, that there is much of good to qualify the evil, and that, as in many other cases, inlividual goodness, and the general tendency to right in the human heart, go far to modify the gross and palpable mischiefs of a vicious institution. Great familiarity was to be expected ; but the patience of many slave-owners with their slaves, struck Miss MARTINEAU as something wonderful. And this virtue, it seems, can only be attained by long habit, even if one must not be 4' to the manner born."

Persons from ICew England, France, or England, becoming slave-holders, are found to be the most severe masters and mistresses, however good their tempers may always have appeared previously. They cannot, like the native prom ietor, bit waiting half an hour for the second course, or see every thing done in the worst possible manner ; their rooms dirty. their property wasted-, their plans frustrated, their infants slighted, themselves deluded by at tifices,— they cannot, like the native proprietor, endure all this unruffled. It seems to me that evely slave-holder's temper is subjected to a discipline which must either ruin or pcifect it. While we know that many tempers are thus ruined, and must mourn for the unhappy creatures who cannot escape from their tyranny, it is evident, on the other hand, that many tempers are to he met with which would shame down and silence for ever the irritability of some whose daily life is passed under circumstances of comparative ease.

Of course, personal oppression takes place ; and instances of cruelty irLabundance may no doubt be got. But the moral evils springing from slavery such as that in the Southern States, and corrupting society to its very core, is the real curse which it briegs with It, thtts'reactiug by a righteous renibution upon its authors. Morals are utterly corrupt : the sanctities of domestic life exist not for the majority, (it' they exist for any,) or exist only to be violated at the eapp.hx..of the master, or on the accident of his death or solvency :• life is unsafe—the vengeance of the oppressed reaches the oppressor, or those dearest to him, in the moment of fancied security, and often in horrible forms : the animal and sensual passions rage almost without control : the virtues that

exist are physical or barbarian—hospitality, which costs nothing —a point of honour, as unreasoning and bloody as that of the Red Indian : woman is outwardly deified and really degraded; and childhood, female childhood, corrupted from the dawn of perception by the exercise of tyranny over the slaves, and by the sort of intro- ductory education which those unsophisticated children of nature bestow. Liberty of the press is non.existent ; there is an embargo on the spread of knowledge; there is less freedom of opinion than even in the ether States ; and personal liberty, nay life itself, is only preserved by silent submission. The very slave-owners are bound by the fetters they have forged for their victims. They have been compelled to part with the power of manumitting their slaves, because the numbers manumitted, owing to ties of blood and other causes, were so considerable, that the institution, or we suppose society itself, seemed in peril. DE TOCQUEVI I.LE predicts, and grounds his prophecy upon natural causes, that the Southern States must eventually be peopled by a coloured race. Miss MAE:ritual; does not go this length, but she foretels the speedy extinction of slavery, from the external action of opinion, and the internal impossibility of going on much longer without a decom- position of civilization such as it is.

For every assertion that we have made we could adduce proofs, though it is possible that the facts might seem somewhat less forcible than the condensed principles deduced from them. Not altogether avoiding the details of the subjects we have touched upon, we shall however vary our quotations. If any of the extracts are more ludicrous than the nature of the subject seems t.) admit, let the reader consider us as disciples of DEMOCRITUS rather than IlEitAcurus.

ORTHODOXY IN THE SOUTH.

I repeatedly beard the preaching of a remarkably liberal man, of a free and kindly spirit, in the South. Ills last sermon, extempore, was from the text" Cast all your care upon hint, for Ile careth for you." The preacher told us, among other things, that God cares for u11,—for the meanest as well as the mighthat. " He cares fur that coloured person," said he, pointing to the gal- lerp where the people of colour sit,—" he cares for that coloured person as well for the wisest and best of you Whites." This was the most wanton insult I bad ever seen offered to a human being; and it was with difficulty that I re- frained front walking out of the church. Yet no one present to whom I after- winds spoke of it stewed able to comprehend the talon. " Well !" said they, " does not God care for the coloured people?"

NEGRO IMITATIONS.

The Americans possess an advantage in regard to the teaching of manners which they do not yet appreciate. They have before their eyes, in the man-

ners of the coloured race, a perpetual caricature of their own follies,—a r,'r of conventionalism from which they can never escape. The Degrees are the most imitative set of people living. While they are in a degraded condition, svith little minciple, little knowledge, little independence, they copy the most successfully those things in their superiors which involve the least principle, knowledge, and independence,—viz. their conventionalisms. They carry their mimicry far beyond any which is seen among the menials of the iich in Europe. The Black footmen of the United States have tiptoe graces, stiff cravats, and eye-catching flourishes, like the footmen in London ; but the imi- tation extends into more important matters. As the slaves of the South assume their masters' names amd military titles, they assume their methods of conducting the courtesies and gayeties of life. I have in my possession a note of invitation to a ball, written on pink paper with gilt edges.' When the lady invited came to her mistress for the ticket which was necessary to au- thorize her being out after nine at night, she was dressed in satin with muslin over it, satin shoes, and white kid gloves; but the satin was faded, the muslin torn : the shoes were tied upon the extremities of her splay feet, and the white gloves dropping in tatters from her dark fingers. She was a caricature, instead of a tine lady. A friend of mine walked a tulle or two in the dusk behind two Black men and a woman whom they were courting. He told me

• Mr. Richard Massey requests the pleasure of Mrs. Miliens and Miss Arthur's ,drompany. on Saturday evening, at seven o'clock, in Dr. Smith's long brick-store."

that nothing could be more adm'rable than the coyness of the lady and th compliments of the gallant and his friend. It could not be very amusing te those who reflect that holy and constant love, free preference, and all ih ° makes marriage a blessing instead of a curse, were here out of the question- but the resemblance in the mode of courtship to that adopted by Whites when meditating marriage of a not dissimilar virtue—a marriage'. of barter could not be overlooked.

Even in their ultimate funereal courtesies, the coloured race imitate th Whites. An epitaph on a negro baby at Savannah begins " Sweet blightel lily !"

ataarNens OF GENTLEMEN AND LADIES IN PUBLIC.

So much more has naturally been observed by travellers of American manners

in stages and steam-boats than in private houses, that all has been said, over and over again, that the subject deserves. I need only testify that I do not think the Americans eat faster than other people, on the whole. The celerity at hotel.tahles is remarkable; but so it is in stagecoach travellers in Englaad, who are allowed ten minutes or a quarter of an hour for dining. In private houses, I was never aware of being hurried. The cheerful, unintermitting civility of all gentlemen travellers, throughout the country, is very striking to a stranger. The degree of consideration shown to women is, in my opinion, greater than is rational, or good for either party ; but the manners of an American stagecoach might afford a valuable lesson and example to many classes of Europeans who have a high opinion of their own civilization. I do not think it rational or fair that every gentlemen, whether old or young, sick or well, weary or untired, should, as a matter of course, yield up the best places in the stage to any lady passenger. I do out think it rational or fair that five gentle.. linen should ride on the top of the coach, (where there is no accommodation for holding on, and no resting•place for the feet,) for some hours of a July day in Virginia, that a young lady, who was slightly delicate, might have room to lay up her feet, and change her posture as she pleased. It is obvious that, if she was not strong enough to travel on common terms in the stage, her family should have travelled in an extra, or staid behind, or done any thing rather than allow five persons to risk their health and sactifice their comfort for the sake of one. Whatever may be the good moral effects of such self.renunciation on the tempers of the gentlemen, the custom is very injurious to ladies. Their travelling manners are oily thing but amiable. While on a journey, women who appear a well enough in their homes, present all the characteristics of spoiled children. Screaming and trembling at the apprehension of danger are not uncommon; but there is aomething far worse in the cool selfishness with which they accept the best of every thing, at any sacrifice to others, and usu- ally, in the South and West, without a word or look of acknowledgment. They are as like spoiled children when the gentlemen are not present to be sam diced to them,—in the inn parlour, while waiting for meals or the stage, and in the cabin of a stemmboat. I never sass. any manner SO repulsive as that of many American ladies on hoard steam-boats. 'hey look as if they supposed YOU mean to hijore them, till you show to the contraiy. The suspicious side- glance, or the full stare, the cold, immovable observation, the bristling self- defence the moment you come near, the cool pushing to get the best places, every thing said and done without the least trace of trust or cheerfulness, these are the disagieeable consequences of the ladies being petted aud humoured as they are. The New England ladies, who are compelled by their superior numbers to depend less upon the came of others, ate far happier and pleasanter companions in a journey than those of the rest of the countiy.

HONOUR IN THE SOU'- WEST.

A passenger on board the Henry Clay, in which I ascended the Missis- sippi, showed in perfection the tesulta of a false idea of honour. He belonged to one of the first families in Kentucky, had married well, and settled at Nat- chez, Mississippi. Ilia wife was slandered by a resident of Natchez, who, refusing to reheat, (retract?) was shot dead by the husband, who fled to Texas. The wife gathered their property together, &lowed her husband, was ship- wrecked below New Orleans, and lost all. Iler wants were supplied by kind persons at New Orleans, and she was forwarded by them to her destination, but soon died of cholera. Iler husband went up into Missouri, and settled in a remote part of it to practise law ; but with a remote suspicion that he was dogged by the relations of the man he bad shot. One day he met a man muffled in a cloak, who engaged with him, shot him in both sides, and stabbed him with an Arkansas knife. The victim held off the knife front wounding him mortally till help came and his foe fled. The wounded man slowly reco- vered ; hut his right arm was 'so dieabled as to compel him to postpone his schemes of revenge. Ile ascertained that his enemy had fled to Texas; followed him there; at length met him, one fine evening, riding with his double-batrelled gun before him. They knew each other instantly.; the double- barrelled gun was raised and pointed, but before it could be fired, its owner fell from the saddle, ehot dead like the brother he had sought to avenge.The mur- derer was flying up the river once more when I saw him, not doubting that he should again be dogged by some relation of the brothers he bad shot. Some of the gentlemen on board believed that if he surrendered himself at Natchez, lie would be let off with little or no punishment, and allowed to settle again m civilized society ; hut he was afraid of the gallows, and intended to join some fur company in the North-west, if he could, and if he failed in this, to make himself a chief of a tribe of wandering Icilians

SLAVES ON THE ROAD.

We saw Malay the common sight of companies of slaves travelling west- wards, ai.d the very uncommon one of a party returning into South Carolina. When we overtook suet; a company proceeding westwards, and asked

they were going, the answer commonly given by the slaves was, Into

barna." Sometimes these poor creatures were encamped, under the came ot the slave. trader, on the banks of a clear stream, to spend a day in washing their clothes. Sometimes they were loitering ;dung the road ; the old folks and in- fants mounted on the top of a waggon-ioad of luggage, the able-bodied on foot, perhaps silent, pethaps laughing, the prettier of the girls pethaps with a flower in the hair and a lover's arm around her shoulder. There were wide differences in the air and gait of these people. It is usual to call the most de- pressed of them brutish in appearance. In some sense they are so but I never saw in any brute an expression of countenance so low, so lost, as in the most degraded class of negroes. There is some life and intelligence in the coun- tenance of every animal ; even in that of " the silly sheep," nothing so dead as the vacant, unheeding look of the depressed slave is to be seen.

SLAVES AT HOME.

We visited the negro quarter, a part of the estate which filled me with dia- gust wherever I went. It is something between a haunt of monkies and a dwelling:place of human beings. The natural good taste so remarkable in free negroes is here extinguished. Their small,ilingy, untidy houses, their cribs, the children crouching round the fire, the animal deportment of the grown-up, the brutish chagrins and enjoyments of the old, were all loathsome. There was some relief in seeing the children playing in the sun, and sometimes fowls clucking and strutting round the houses; but otherwise a walk through a lunatic asylum is far less painful than a visit to the slave quarter of an estate. The children are left during working hours in the charge of a woman ; and they are bright, and brisk, and merry enough for the season, however slow and stupid they may be destined to become.

A BACK WOOD PICTURE.

One rainy October day, I saw a settler at work in the forest, on which he sppeared to have just entered. His clearing looked, in comparison with the forest behind him, of about the size of a pincushion. Ile was standing up to the knees in water among the !stubborn stumps and charred stems of dead trees. He was notching logs with his axe, beside his small log-hut and stye. There was swamp behind and swamp on each side, a pool of mud around each dead tift, which had been wont to drink the moisture. There was a semblance of a tumble-dovrn fence; no otchard yet, no grave-yard, no poultry, none of the graces of fixed habitation had yet grown up. On looking back to catch a last view of the scene, I saw two little boys about three and four years old leading a horse home from the forest, one driving the animal behind with an armful of bush, and the other reaching upon tiptoe to keep his bold of the halter, and

both looking as if they would be drowned in the swamp. If the mother was watching from the hut, she must have thought this strange dismal play for her little ones. The hard-working father must be toiling for his children; for the success of his after life can hardly atone to him for such a destitutiou of com- fort as I saw him in the midst of. Many such mmes are passed on every road in the western parts of the States. They become cheering when the plough is seen, or a few sheep are straggling on the hill side, seeming lost in space.

PROFITS AND RISK IN ALABAMA.

The profits of cotton-growing when I was in Alabama were thirty-five per ant. One planter whom I knew had bought fifteen thousand dollais' worth of land within two years, which he could then have sold for sixty•five thousand dollars. Ile expected to make that season fifty or sixty thousand dollars of his growing crop. It is certainly the place to bee° no rich in ; but the state of society is fearful. One of my hosts, a man of gret.t good-nature, as lie shows in the treatment of his slaves and in his family relations, had been stabbed in the back in the reading-room of the town two years before, and no prosecution was instituted. Another of my hosts carried loaded pistols for a fortnight, just before I arrived, knowing that he was lain in wait for by persons against whose illegal practices he bad given information to a magistrate, whose carriage was therefore broken in pieces and thrown into the river. A lawyer, with whom we were in company one afternoon, was sent for to take the deposition of a dying man who had been sitting with his family in the shade, when he received three balls in the back from three men who took aim at him from behind trees. The tales of gaol. breaking and rescue were numberless; and

lady of Montgomery told me that she had lived there four years, during which time no day, she believed, had passed without some one's life having been attempted either by duelling or assassination. It will be understood that I de- scribe this region as presenting an extreme case of the material advantages and moral evils of a new settlement ender the institution of slavery.

THE REAL VULGARITY OF AMERICA.

The manners of the wealthy classes depend, of course, upon the character of their objects and interests ; but they are not, on the whole, so agreeable as those of their less opulent neighbours. The restless ostentation of such as live for grandeur and show is vulgar ; as I have said, the only vulgarity to be seen in the country. Nothing can exceed the display of it at watering-places. At Rockaway, on Long Island, I saw in one large room, while the company was waiting for dinner, a number of groups which would have made a good year's Income for a clever caricaturist. If any lady, with an eye and a pencil ade- quate to the occasion, would sketch the phenomena of affectation that might be seen in one day in the piazza and drawing-room at Rockaway, she might be a useful censor of manners. Hut the task would be too full of sorrow and shame for any one with the true republican spirit. For my own part, I felt bewildered in such company. It was if I had been set down on a kind of debatable land between the wholly imaginary society of the so-called fashion- able novels of late years, and the broad sketches of citizen-life given by Ma- dame D'Arblay. It Was like nothing real. When I saw the young ladies tricked out in the most expensive finery, flirting over the backgammon-board, tripping affectedly across the room, languishing with a seventy.dollar cambric

handkerchief, starting up in ecstacy at the entrance of a baby ; the mothers as busy with affectations of another kind, nod the brothers sidling hither and thither, now with assiduity and now with nonchalance; and no one imparting the refreshment of a natural countenance, movement, or tone, I almost doubted whether I was awake. The village secures that I haul witnessed rose up in

strong contrast,—the mirthful wedding, the waggon.drives, the offerings of wild-flowers to the stranger, the uninterniitting, simple courtesy of each to all; and it was scarely credible that these contrasting Beelleti could both be existing in the same republic.

We had marked many more passages, instructive, amusing, il- lustrative, or graphically descriptive; but we must break (41', and recommend the reader to study the work. Ile may judge of its value and its matter when we say that all that we have taken comes from a few sections, and that fully to convey an image of the book would require as many notices as it contains chapters.