ITALY.

Vicron EMMANCEL ne THE STATER OF THE Cuenca.

The entry. of Garibaldi into Naples has been followed by an insurrec- tion in the Papal States, and an invasion of those districts by the troops of Victor Emmanuel.

Early in the week, we had a report that an ultimatum had been sent to Rome demanding the dismissal of the foreign regiments in the service of the Pope. It was carried thither by the Count delta Minerva. One report says that the diplomatist was directed to demand an answer in four-and-twenty hours, but this is not likely. In the meantime, and probably with a knowledge of what had been done, Colonel Roselli and a band of Volunteers entered the Papal territory, and several towns at once rose upon the Papal troops. At Montefeltro, at 'Urbino, at Pergola, at Orvieto, at Fossombrone, the people rose to the rallying cry of "Viva Victor Emmanuel° !" The French newspapers regarded as semi-official raised warning cries against any intervention they deemed to be im- minent. M. Grandguillot came out with a grand leader in the Canal- tutionnel saying- " We should grieve to see Piedmont accomplish an aggression which would incontestably separate her from the Imperial policy. France, being the protector of the Pope at Rome, cannot but disapprove that any armed assistance should be given to the insurrection in the provinces. We hope Piedmont will not renounce the principles of respect clue to international right, which alone can preserve our alliance with her. We also trust that the King will avoid a political fault which would be a mistbrtune for Italy." Two fresh regiments were ordered to Rome, and General de Goyon was sent post haste back to resume his command. Nevertheless the King was not daunted. We must not forget that M. Farini had talked to the Emperor at Chembery. A large Piedurontese force, 50,000 strong, bad been collected in Tuscany and 'Forli, with Cialdini at the head of one army, and Fanti, War Minister' at the head of the other. On Tues- day King Victor Emmanuel received at Turin a deputation front the inhabitants of Umbria and the Marches.

His Majesty granted the protection which the deputation solicited, and orders have been given to the Sardinian troops to enter those pro- vinces by the following proclamation

"Soldiers! You are about to enter the Marches and Umbria, in order to establish civil order in the towns now desolated by misrule, and to give to the people the liberty of expressing their own wishes. You will not fight against the armies of any of the Powers, but will free those unhappy Italian provinces from the bands of foreign adventurers which infest them. You do not go to revenge injuries done to me and to Italy, but to prevent the popular hatred from unloosing itself against the oppressors of the country. By your example, you will teach the people forgiveness of offences, and Christian tolerance to the man who compared the love of the Italian Father- land to Ishunisnl.

"At peace with all the great Powers, and holding myself aloof from any provocation, I intend to rid Central Italy-of one continual cause of trouble and discord. I intend to respect the seat of the Chief of the Church, to whom I am ever ready to give, in accordance with the allied and friendly Powers, all the guarantees of indqpandeace and Be unity which his mis- guided advisers have in vain hoped teobtain for him fri`om the fanaticism of the wicked sect which conspires against my authority anO, against the liber- ties cf the nation.

" Soldiers ! I am accused of .ambition. Yes • I have on...o ambition, and it is to reestablish the principles of moral order in Italy,, dind to preserve Europe from the continual dangers of revolution and war. "s Thus the die was cast. Count Caver explained tl ,e transaction to M. Thouvenel, who probably understood all about it e in a diplomatic

note, and Cialdini and Fanti entered the States of the ivjhurch. Each of these Generals had under him 25.000 men. Cialdini marching by the coast road along the Adriatic, captured Pesaro. Then': he. made prisoners

1200 Germans, and Monsignor Bella, who is said tin have ordered the sack of the town. Next Cialdini advanced to Fail° and occupied it having sent off a division to communicate with the insurgents at Urbino, Raphael's birthplace. His next move would be oti Sinigaglia, where the Pope was born, and then he would close with JLamoriciere at Ancona. General Fanti moved from Arrezzo, in Tuscany, entering the Papal country at Citta di Castello. Our information leaves him moving down the valley of the Tiber by Pratte. and Todi. The people at Orvieta had overpowered the Papal garrison, thus helping his march. Lamoriciere was at Ancona, cut off from Rome by the insurrection and Fanti's march. He had 8000 men to man his entrenchments and the citadel.

The _Patric of Thursday reported, as a probable consequence of this step, that Baron Talleyrand, the French Minister at Turin, was about to return to France. During his absence the affairs of the Embassy will be administered by a chargé d'affaires. The following description of the Papal States is of interest at this moment-

" Before the war of Italy the States of the Church were divided into four legations, not counting the district of Rome. The first, comprising the pro- vinces of Bologna, Ferrara, Forti, and Ravenna, were called Romagna. They have been annexed to Piedmont. The second consisted of the pro- vinces of Urbinn Pesaro, Macerate Loreto, Ancona, Fermo, .Ascoli, and Camerino, and are commonly called Marches. They have on the North Romagna, on the East the Adriatic, on the South the Kingdom of Naples, and on the West Tuscany and, the provinces of Spoleto and Perugia. They separate Romagna from the Neapolitan States. The third legation consists of the provinces of Spoleto, Perugia, and Rieti ; the first two con- stitute what is called Umbria. The town of Foligno, which is in Perugia, is the Fulginium of the ancients. The fourth legation comprises the pro- vinces of Velletri, Frosinone, and Benevento ; the latter, however, is sur- rounded by Neapolitan territory. This district of Rome, which is placed under a special regime, consists of that city, of Viterbo, Orvieto, and Civitar Vecchia, the latter being an important commercial port."

GARIBALDI DT NAPLES.

The revolution accomplished in Naples is characterized by the most remarkable and almost ludicrous facts. The King consulted his Minis- ters and his generals early last week. They told him the same story, that neither army nor navy could be relied on, and that the country was in a state of revolt. This was confirmed by the news of capitulation after capitulation on the part of the royal troops and by the sudden ill- ness that seized men like Bosco and Viale. When Ischitella resigned the King said,—" The wrong is never of my doing, but the punishment always falls on me." When De Martino, the Ministry having resigned, refused to form a second Cabinet, the King exclaimed in great sadness, "Then I am abandoned by all." Meanwhile Garibaldi was not far from Salerno. The King sent for the commanders of the National Guard, and "addressed them in such terms as to move some of them to tears." The King thanked the National Guard for their conduct, said that he had given orders to the troops to respect the capital, and observed that, "Your and our dear Peppin° is at the gates," and declared that he re- tired by virtue of a diplomatic capitulation. The King, through his Ministers, has demanded a credit of the Treasury for a sum sufficient to maintain 8000 men in garrison in Gaeta for six months-22,000 ducats for the military cheat of Gaeta, and 40,000 for that of Capua. But he did not get them. The " Comitkto " feared the King would release the soldiers from their oaths, and they assured them in a placard that the best of princes, the first soldier of independence, would be most rejoiced to receive the Neapolitan army under his banners. The revolution accomplished in Naples is characterized by the most remarkable and almost ludicrous facts. The King consulted his Minis- ters and his generals early last week. They told him the same story, that neither army nor navy could be relied on, and that the country was in a state of revolt. This was confirmed by the news of capitulation after capitulation on the part of the royal troops and by the sudden ill- ness that seized men like Bosco and Viale. When Ischitella resigned the King said,—" The wrong is never of my doing, but the punishment always falls on me." When De Martino, the Ministry having resigned, refused to form a second Cabinet, the King exclaimed in great sadness, "Then I am abandoned by all." Meanwhile Garibaldi was not far from Salerno. The King sent for the commanders of the National Guard, and "addressed them in such terms as to move some of them to tears." The King thanked the National Guard for their conduct, said that he had given orders to the troops to respect the capital, and observed that, "Your and our dear Peppin° is at the gates," and declared that he re- tired by virtue of a diplomatic capitulation. The King, through his Ministers, has demanded a credit of the Treasury for a sum sufficient to maintain 8000 men in garrison in Gaeta for six months-22,000 ducats for the military cheat of Gaeta, and 40,000 for that of Capua. But he did not get them. The " Comitkto " feared the King would release the soldiers from their oaths, and they assured them in a placard that the best of princes, the first soldier of independence, would be most rejoiced to receive the Neapolitan army under his banners. The 6th. of September was the last day of the reign of King Francis. Even on that morning, before he had gone, the Royal arms were taken down from shop fronts, and the cannon were removed from Santa Lucia. The Times correspondent was walking abroad, and witnessed a ludicrous incident- " On a sudden, I heard women's shrieks and invocations. What on earth is the matter? I rush to my windows, and see a great crowd of Billinsgate gentry assembled below, alternately increased and diminished by people rushing in and out of the neighbouring church. But what is the matter ? Madonna. inn ! ' was the universal cry; 'Save our King. Make peace for our King ! Bee, the Madonna of Santa Lucia is sweating ; large drops are running down her cheeks and neck. Blessed Madonna, spare the King ! The whole place was in an uproar, and a few swearing or weeping Madonnas might have set the city on fire, despite the antagonism between fire and water, but the troops and the National Guard were soon on the spot, and by force and moderation managed to quell the disturbance in a short time, it was my neighbour the parroeo or guardian°, who had spread the report of the 'prodigious miracle,' and 'Ecce Signori, what were those drops on the neck and face ? ' His holiness, however, seeing that his trick was discovered, put himself into a carriage, and endeavoured to make his escape, but was arrested in the course of the evening."

The King issued proclamations, full of praise of himself and lit ancestors, and of affectionate words to his "dearly beloved people "—la had "not entertained a single thought that was not devoted to thc happiness and good of our subjects. The institutions which we ban irrevocably guaranteed them are the proofs of this." He also issued protest, reserving all his rights, and denouncing the " reekless adven. turer," who has so unceremoniously made war upon him. Then In embarked on board ship, and steamed off for Gaeta, taking with bin., i is believed, only his private property, including some of the choices specimens from the obscene Museo Borbonico. Garibaldi was coming up with rapid strides. We have few particular of his progress, but these few show that he swept before him a dis

organized military mob and not an army. Mr. Edwin James was a Naples, and he forthwith proceeded to Salerno in a Saidinian corveta eager to see Garibaldi. But at Salerno he only fared Colonel Pear( from whom he learned that Garibaldi was at Eboli. Thither ho wen

Here is a choice spe men of Mr. James's qualifications for the post of "special correspon "when the Old Bailey faille- " Along the roa we met many hundreds of the Neapolitan troops who had laid down eir arms near Monteleone, wending their way home- wretched-looki creatures, footsore, and dispirited, and many lying on the

edges of the eyards half famished and almost dead. At the entrance of Eboli, on the descent of the pare of the mountain upon the side of which the village re4ts, we saw four old picturesque carriages driving in hot haste into the narro streets of the village, and one of the General's staff, an American, to whom I had given a seat in the carriage, espied the General, and I shouted, "Viva Garibaldi!' We followed to the Intendenza, and in a little bed-room, crowded with his staff and the local authorities, I had my first interview with the disinterested and brave liberator of Italy, in his red shirt, in a dirt, pair of jean trousers, and worn-out boots. Combing his long, thin hair at the glass, stood the greatest patriot since Washington. Mr. Ashley and I we announced. He remained in the same attitude for a few minutes, but was evidently thoughtful. He shook us most cordially by the hand, asked most anxiouely the state of Naples, and whether the King had left at the time of our departure, and whether troops were placed between Eboli and Salerno ; but his greatest anxiety was to know the feel- ing of the English people on the great mission he has to carry out. He spoke in the highest terms of the impartial and kind conduct of our admiral at Naples, and requested us to see him again in the evening at Salerno, to which plaee, after changing horses, he was hastening. He stated that his determination was to take Naples at the earliest moment, and that he de- sired to do so without its costing a life, if possible. All was bustle and ex- citement. The National Guard, aware of his approach, mustered in lar ;e numbers ; their unmusical band were making their utmost noise. Depu- tations of priests and Franciscan monks were crowding into his presence. Women and children were throwing flowers into the room, in the corner of which he sat, in a rickety old chair, unmoved and tranquil. There is a simple grandeur about his demeanour which is very striking, very cool and collected, but when he spoke of the subject of French policy his eye lighted up instantly, and in short epigrammatic sentences he spoke of the sympa- thies of the French people with his cause; but in terms which I need not repeat of the policy of the Emperor."

Garibaldi entered Naples on the 7th, with a staff of fifteen persons. The General of the National Guard had met him and besought him to enter with precaution, for they feared for his safety. He cut short the audience by exclaiming, " Audiamo a Napoli !" and forthwith he went by rail from La Cava. One correspondent says-

." The enthusiasm of the crowds awaiting his entry at the terminus far surpasses my powers of description. They seemed literally out of their wits. They employed every possible manifestation of Southern energy to express their delight. They danced and sing, and leaped up in the air, and flung up their bonnets, and shouted till they were hoarse ; they threw their arms round each other's necks; they moented on each other's shoulders to catch a glimpse of Garibaldi; but, though every imaginable form of expression might be witnessed, one feeling alone animated the heaving messes. On his carriage were seven persons who served as an escort,—three seated beside him in the carriage, one on the box beside the coachman, one on each step of the carriage, and one behind,—all seven armed to the teeth. In the un- certainty as to the possible risks which he might encounter' such a precau- tion was only a matter of common prudence. Heaven be thanked, there was no occasion for alarm ! Naples, which presented the excitement, dis- played also the good humour, of a great national fete. Garibaldi traversed the Toledo, and then went to take up his quarters in the Palazzo della Foresteria, but afterwards, for what reason I know not., removed to the palace of Prince d'Ancri' where he now is. It is a magnificent mansion of four storeys, situated in the Via Toledo, and he has insisted on having a set of rooms in the fourth storey, such as a humble student might be expected to occupy. This is just like him ; he hates nothing more than pomp or dis- pjay of any kind or in any form, and does all that he can to avoid them. As he Passed before the guard-houses, which at different points of thecae?. were occupied by the Royal troops still in Nayles, the astonished sentinels presented arms. The vessels of the Royal Navy anchored in the harbour, having suddenly learned that Garibaldi was in Naples, but not being aware whether he was alone or with his army, surrendered to him at once, hoist- ing the national flag, and placing themselves, provisionally, under the orders of the Sardinian Admiral, Persano, who has been requested by Garibaldi to undertake the reorganization of the fleet. The troops in the Royal palace, as well as those in the forts, having been summoned to hoist the tricoloured national flag, did so without delay, greeting it with repeated salvos of cannon."

Another correspondent gives a more animated picture- . " Followed and accompanied by three lines of carriages he went alone the Marinette, through the Basso Porto, surrounded by thousands, and deafened by their greetings, up the Logo Castello and so on by San Carlo and the Palace of the King, which Royalty left only a. few hours before, and entered the Palace of reception for foreign Princes. The crowd waved backwards and forwards, and looked up to the windows and shouted for the appearance of Garibaldi. First came one red coat, then another, and at last the hero. What -a cry of' Viva' there rose from the vast mass below ! When last that balcony was occupied by a distinguished personage it was by the Grand Duke of Tuscany, but in answer to no calls, for there were only a few of those idlers who always hang about the palaces of Princes. It was impos- sible to make himself heard amid the noise and confusion, and so Garibaldi leant over the iron railing and gazed intently on the crowd. A wave of the hand at last asked for silence, but in vain. ' Zitti, Zitti 1 ' rose from all sides, and there was a perfect silence. 'Neapolitans,' said a voice as clear as a bell, and with an enunciation so distinct that nothing could fail to reach the ear-

."' This is a solemn, holy, and memorable day. This day, from being subjects under the yoke of tyranny, you have become a free people. I thank you iu the name of the whole of Italy. You have performed a great work. not only for Italy, but for all humanity, whose rights you have vindicated. "Hurrah for liberty !" so 'much dearer to Italy inasmuch as she has sulliwed so much more than other nations. " Song live I taly ! ' " The cry was taken up by the thousands assembled, and Viva Italia!' might have been heard from one end of the city to the other. There were carious spectacles to be witnessed in the crowd—there were members of a legion of Amazons to the number of 200, who, dressed in the Garibaldian uniform, had vowed to place themselves in front of the National Guard and of Garibaldi, in ease the military had interfered. There were priests with tricoloured scarfs over their shoulders and banners in their hand's, and bare- headed monks with muskets en their shoulders. There were men and women with unsheathed swords and daggers, and swordstioks in their hands Which they brandished in all the drunkenness of enthusiasm. There were hundreds of Lazzaroni, armed with pikes, which had been provided for the defence of the barricades had the 13ourbous driven the people to euch ex- freaked. Such were sonic of the scenes to be witnessed."

In the 'evening there was an illumination. Garibaldi had a long in- terview with the Marquis do Villinnarina, the Piedmontese Ambassador, and with Lord Lianover. He saw a deputation of Venetians. "We are all ready -and organized, General, and anxious to begin." "You

cannot he more anxious than I am," was the reply. Garibaldi acted as master.

"The Provisional Government which had been formed has been put down

in the following significant terms Without any orders from the Dictator, certain lists of names as of those forming the Provisional Government have been placarded. The public are warned against any surprise, it being the will of the Dictator that the guilty shall be punished. The Prefect of Police, in another order, says :—‘ All the ships of war and merchant vessels belonging to the State of the Two Sicilies, the arsenals, materiels of war, are added to the squadron of the King of Italy, Victor Emmanuel, commanded by Admirable Persano.—GAILIBALDI.' Romano is confirmed in his office as Minister of the Interior' Cosenz is appointed Minister of War Pisanelli Minister of Justice, Do Cesare and Giacchi are confirmed in the Directories of Finance and of the Interior. Be Sauzet is nominated Director of War, under Cosenz."

The correspondent of the Morning Post communicates the following story, which he calls "a fact "-

" During the journey between Reggio and Naples, a messenger was stopped bringing fresh proposals front the King to Garibaldi. They were to the following effect—That if Garibaldi ceased from further ottacks on the continental dominions of King Francis' Ile would be allowed freely to pass through them in order to attack the States of the Pope ; that the Geri- baldian forces would be supplied with provisions by the King during the whole of their march ; that a sum of 3,000,000 of ducats would be imme- diately paid to Garibaldi from the royal treasury, and that a contingent of 50,000 men would be contributed by Naples to the Italian army in the event of a war with Austria."

These proposals, he adds, were in Garibaldi's hands, and would be published without delay. The latest information from Naples conies down to the 11th, and is for- warded by telegraph.

"Naples, September 11.—The tranquillity of the city has not been dis- turbed, and the same enthusiam still prevails. The Elmo and the other forts have surrendered. The English admiral has paid a visit to Garibaldi, who afterwards went on board the Hannibal, the English Ambassador being present. On that occasion, the Sardinian fleet fired a salute of eeventeeen guns in honour of the Dictator. The Neapolitan fleet has been delivered by Garibaldi to the Sardinian admiral. The Sardinian troops disembarked- yesterday by order of the Dictator. "It is said that the King, in leaving Naples, ordered the bombardment of the town and the burning of the Royal castle. It is even amerced that the original of that order has been found. A report is also current that • the King will quit Gaeta with his army of 30,000 men' and will join General LamoricRtre. The King has formed a new Royalist Ministry, the members of which are—Caselli, Cauofari, Gerolaino, and Clio:a The Austrian, Rus- sian, Prussian, and Spanish Ministers, and the Papal Nuncio, have followed the King to Gaeta. "The whole army of Garibaldi will arrive at Naples in four days, and, with the insurrectional bands, the total force will be raised to 80,000 men. The revolution is everywhere triumphant. It is said that the Dictator in about to march to Umbria. The Ratio and Medici brigades have just ar- rived in the port.

"Baron Brenier has not protested against the disembarkation of Sardinian troops. " A proclamation of Garibaldi to the Neapolitans, issued yesterday, has been published. Garibaldi, in this proclamation, says that the annexation will be effected when he will be able to proclaim it from the top of the Quirinal."