,furrigu unit Colnuial.

FRANCE.—The Emperor is to leave Boulogne today for Paris ; and to depart from Paris on Monday, for Biarritz, to escort the Empress thence

to Paris via Bordeasx,—inaugurating by the way the Dax and Bordeaux railroad. During his absence from the camp, the grand military man- ceuvres will be suspended. On his return, it is stated that he will visit the King of the Belgians.

Before Prince Albert departed, on Friday last week, he was entertained with a great company at dinner, by the Emperor. Part of what passed at that dinner is a matter of controversy. The Morning Chronicle of Monday contained the following report-

" During the dessert, his Imperial Majesty, in proposing the health of our Queen, said= J'ai l'honneur de proposer un toast a l'honneur de notre allie tree intime as gracieuse Majeste la Reine d'Angleterre.' Prince Albert next proposed the health of the Emperor, and, gracefully alluding to the good feeling which existed between the two countries, expressed the great gratifi- cation which he had derived from his visit.

"'La gracieuse reception (said the Prince) que j'ai recu dans votre empire ne sera jamais efface de ma memoire ; je ne doutais nullement de cello de votre hiajeste Imperiale, rnais l'enthousiasme du peuple Francais I. soon egard a beaucoup surpasse soon attente. Vivons dans l'espoir que votre Ma- jeste nous fere bientat le plaiser de visitor lea cotes d'Albion; oft le peuple Anglais et sa Majeste la Reuse d'Angleterre seront, je suis stir, charmes de recevoir Is visite de votre Majeste Imperiale.' "The Emperor, with much animation, referred to the belle alliance,' and most eloquently expressed his earnest hope—' que sous lea drapeaux de la France et d'Angleterre qui ferment l'arc en del de la liberte le joug du despote sera bientat anneanti.' The eloquently-expressed and beautifully- conceived sentiment called forth a burst of applause from the company, which not even the strictest court etiquette could restrain. The health of the Empress was proposed, lam informed, by Prince Albert ; and afterwards that of his Royal Highness, proposed by the Emperor. Some other toasts were proposed in the course of the evenvng, by the Duke of Newcastle and others of the guests honoured with an invitation to the banquet." On Tuesday, the Morning Chronicle contained an announcement that the above account "was erroneous so far as regards the speeches stated to have been delivered by the Imperial host and his royal guest." "In fact, there was nothing, we are assured, on the day alluded to, but the usual private dinner. No toasts of any kind were proposed, no speeches were made by any one, nor was there any such demonstration as has been described."

To this the Honileur adds its testimony—" Ces details sont inexacts; il n'y a en ni toast, ni discours."

At eleven o'clock on Friday night, Prince Albert was escorted on board the Victoria and Albert yacht by the Emperor. When they mounted the vessel, the yards were found manned, and a profuse display of blue lights and rockets revealed the outline of the yacht in every part defined by the forms of the sailors. The Emperor and his parting guest shook hands on the deck ; and when the Emperor stepped ashore, the vessel steamed slowly away ; Prince Albert and the Emperor of the French ex- changing farewell bows, and the blue lights rising continuously. At the entrance of the harbour a royal salute was fired ; and then the Victoria and Albert, dashing into the open sea, steamed away for Osborne.

At the sham fight near Marquise on the 8th, it was remarked that the infantry were, for the first time, drawn up in line on the English plan, only two instead of three deep ; and that the field artillery were 12-pounders—a new piece introduced by the Emperor. General Baraguay d'Hilliers was met at Dantzic on his way home by an aide-de-camp, who presented him with the baton of a Marshal of France. It was at Dantzic that the General, when a Lieutenant, lost an arm in the wars of the Empire. He arrived in Paris on Wednesday.

TUSKEY.—A telegraphic despatch in the Moniteur, dated Therapi ,a 7th September, states that "the French and Turks had set out from Varna on the 6th, and that the English fleet was to join them at the Isle of Serpents. The weather was favourable." A similar report also comes from Vienna in a different form, and is said to be authentic. Advices from Varna to the 5th state that "the English and French divisions left that day, and that the Turkish division would follow."

Of course the exact destination of the expedition must be a secret, but that does not hinder the journals from putting forth statements on the subject. The Journal des Dards, for instance, asserts that the troops will disembark "at a point near the mouth of the river Katcha, where there is about fifteen fathoms water. It is the same point that was observed by General Canrobert and General Brown. As the ships can approach very near the shore, their guns will destroy all the land ar- tillery which can be opposed to the invading force. Once ashore, the troops will immediately begin to intrench themselves, and they will repel with the bayonet all the assaults of the Russian troops. The landing effected, the Russian army must be beaten in the field, and pos- session taken of the heights which command the city. The amount of the Russian forces in the Crimea is unknown." One of the difficulties of the invading army will be to procure water ; and it is thought probable that wells will have to be dug pretty extensively. It is stated that the besieging artillery will be able to enfilade the port in a manner that will either compel the Russian fleet to put to sea or to remain and be destroy- ed. The Presto of Vienna, a Russian authority, prints some strange statements- " A letter from Odessa asserts that at Sebastopol the intention is to resist vigorously. Forts are being built to protect the coasts at a distance of four leagues from Sebastopol. A mass of fire-ships are being prepared to be sent against the vessels of the enemy. In addition to the usual garrison at Se- bastopol, there are 60,000 men in the camp established near the town, and reinforcements are constantly arriving. The Russian fleet is armed,. and, it appears, will not remain inactive during the operations. The best plots are distributed amongst the vessels. Prince Menschikoff directs in person the measures of defence."

The general order of Marshal St. Arnaud to the Army of the East, a portion of which appeared in our Postscript last week, is as follows-

" Soldats—Vous venez de donner de beaux spectacles de perseverance, de calme, et d'energie, an milieu de eirconstances douleureuses faut oublier. L'heure est venue de eombattre, et de vaincre.

"L'ennemi ne nous a pas attendu sur le Danube. Sea colonnea derao- ralisies, detruites par la maladie, s'en eloignent yeniblement. C'est la Pro- vidence, pent-etre, qui a voulu nous epargner l'epreuve de ces contrees mal- seines. C'est elle, aussi, qui nous appelle en Crimea, pays salubre comme le notre et a Sebastopol, siege de la puissance Russe dans ces sours ea nous aliens Chercher ensemble le gage de la pais et de notre retour dans use foyers.

L'enterprise est grande, et dig,ne de VOUS ; vous Is realiserez a raide du plus formidable appareil militair' e et maritime qui se vit jamais. Les flak% alliees, avec leurs trois mile canons, et leurs vingt-cinq milk braves mate- lots, yea emules et vos compagnons d'armes, porteront sur Is terre de Crimee une armee Anglaise, dont vos peres out appris I respecter la haute valour, une division choisie de us soldats Ottomans qui viennent de faire 'ears preuvea sous vos yeux, et une armee Fransaise que j'ai la droit et rorgueil d'appeller r elite de notre armee toute entire.

"Jo vois la plus que des gages de suedes ; j'y vois le succes lui-meme.

Generaux, chefs de corps, officiers de toutes armes, vous partagerez, et yens ferez passer dans rime de vos soldats la confiance dont la mienne est rem- plie. Bient8t, nous saluerons ensemble lea trois drapeaux reunis flottant sur lea remparts de Sebastopol de notre cri national°,'Vivo rEmpereur ! ' "Au quartier-general de Varna, Acta 25, 1854. "La Marechal, a France, Comm.-en-chef d'Armee d'Orient,

"A. Sr. ARNAIJD."

"In curious contrast to the above order," says the Times special cor- respondent at Varna, writing on the 29th August, "Lord Raglan has issued a memorandum requesting Mr. Commissary-General Filder to take steps to insure that the troops shall all be provided with a ration of porter for the next few days.'"

The Ottoman Commissioner in Wallachia, Dervish Pasha, has issued a proclamation announcing the coming of the Austrians, and explaining the object of their presence in the Principalities—

"The Sublime Porte having entered into a convention with his Imperial

Apostolic Majesty, as previously with the Governments of France and Eng- land, it is my duty to make known to you, that, in accordance with that convention, the Imperial Austrian troops will provisionally occupy both Principalities. The presence of these troops in Wallachia need cause no uneasiness to you, for they enter the country as one of the friendly powers allied with the Sublime Porte. These troops will be in no way a burden to you for they will pay for everything purchased in ready money.

After the Russians have positively evacuated the Principalities, the for-

mer government of the country will be restored. Your ancient privileges are and will be scrupulously preserved. Their maintenance is not owing to the treaties which are annulled, but to the benevolent and paternal solicitude of his Imperial Majesty the Sultan, our gracious Sovereign, whose honour and glory are deeply interested therein. May God bestow happiness and blessings on our Sultan !"

The Austrians, headed by Count Coronini, entered Bucharest on the

morning of the 6th instant. Omar Pasha received them at the head of a Turkish division and a detachment of the Wallachian militia, outside the gate of Padu Mogoschoy ; where the Catholic and Greek clergy, the members of the Administration, some of the Boyards, and a dense crowd of citizens, were assembled. Count Coronini the commander of the Austrian corps of occupation, and the Turkish Sirdar, rode at the head of the troops.

If we may believe the statements of the correspondents of the daily journals, the presence of the Austrians seems likely to lead to unpleasant complications. Already Omar Pasha, we are told, has, at their request, sent eight refugee officers to Rustchuk, en route for Monastir and pro- bably Asia. One Hungarian has been given up, on the ground that he was a criminal. Colonel Beatson, who was intrusted with the organiza- tion of the Bashi-bozouks, has resigned, it is asserted, on account of the neglect of the men, and an offhand saying of Omar Pasha, that "the patriotism of the Bashi-bozouks had never failed in other hands." The loss of the European officers, if correctly reported, will be a severe one for the Turkish army. Some stories are also told of the bad behaviour of the Austrian General Popowitch to the Wallachians. One story is that he insulted a lady ; that she appealed to Omar Pasha ; and that the General was ordered to apologize. The accounts in the German papers respecting the movements of the

Russians would imply that they have nearly evacuated not only the Principalities but the Dobrudscha. Before quitting Brailow, they de- stroyed the fortifications and strand batteries' and, it is said, carried off the fire-engines. The Moldavian Artillery have been disarmed, by order of Baron Budberg. The officers and men refused to obey the Russian orders, and were disarmed by force.

A telegraphic despatch from Trieste reports that the Russian army un- der Prince Bebutoff had retreated from its camp upon Gumri. A body of Turkish cavalry penetrated into the camp, and found evidences of a hasty departure,—ten spiked guns, some ammunition, and waggons. It is conjectured that some movement of Schamyl upon Tiflis had °nosed this retreat. Certain it is that the Circassian chief has been extremely ac- tive of late ; and as the Russians report victories over him, admitting the loss of noble women taken prisoners, it may be safely inferred that he has struck some blow upon their frontier posts.

GERMANY.—The text of the propositions submitted by the representa- tive of Austria to the German Diet, on the 17th August, in order that the Diet might clearly see the connexion between the Austro-Prussian treaty, to which the Diet had acceded, and "the situation," has been published in the German journals. The questions are these- " 1. Will the treaty protect, in all circumstances, the first monarchy so long as it shall attack no one ? 2. Will not the Diet consider as obligatory the concert foreseen in article 2 of the treaty, so long as the protection of German interests shall determine the attitude of Austria ? 3. Is not the occupation of the Principalities by Austria in conformity with German inte- rests? and are not the four points on which Austria has engaged herself of such a nature, that it is precisely Germany which should see therein gua- rantees for the future ? 4. Supposing that the guarantees be of this nature, would not the Diet take the position which best suits it by completely appro- priating those four points ? 5. In the event of Austria, in consequence of the occupation of the Principalities in virtue of the treaty of June 14, being attacked on her territory by the Russians, should the obligation arising out of articles 1 and 2 of the treaty, and in virtue of which Germany is to protect Austria, come into effect ? 6. Is it not for the interest of Germany to admit in an unequivocal manner this state of thin' s; and to declare that, even if the cases specially provided for in the additional article should not present themselves, the Diet is, nevertheless, obliged to defend Austria from

the danger which threatens her in consequence of her present position ? 7. Is it for the interest of the European importance of the Confederation to be

silent, so long as it can cause to be heard a voice completely independent of events, and so long as, from that very fact, it can throw a great weight in the scale of peace, and, on the other hand, secure its participation in the de- finitive negotiations. 8. And, if not, is not the Committee obliged, without delay, to submit propositions on the subject to the Diet ?"

The Inde'pendance Beige has published what purports to be an epitome of the contents of a circular recently issued by Prussia to the different

German States. According to this summary, the Prussian Government regrets that Russia did not accept the four conditions ; but it deduces from the terms of the Russian refusal, first, that "henceforward Austria hes nothing to fear from any attack on the part of Russia " ; and secondly, "that Russia has abandoned the theory according to which she pretended a right to occupy the Principalities as a material guarantee." Prussia cannot consider the refusal of the conditions a easus belli ; and more than that, she is of opinion that the late concessions of Russia fully satisfy the additional article of the Austro-Prussian convention. Nor does she con- cede that the German States are bound to make the four conditions the indispensable bases of negotiation.

"Prussia, although she has supported these conditions at St. Petersburg, in the hope of contributing to the reestablishment of peace, does not consider them as indispensable in the point of view of German interests. She finds great difficulties in realizing the project of a common protectorate over the Principalities; and believes that that protectorate might even lead to a state of things but little in conformity with German interests. Although the occupation of the Principalities by Austrian troops offers a guarantee, yet, seeing that the Turks have likewise entered them, and that perhaps also the Anglo-French troops will enter, and that these various elements will be established there for some time, Prussia, independently of the military com- plications which these circumstances may lead to, beholds in them a state of things but little favourable to German interests. She cannot, therefore, re- commend to her German allies to accede to the four conditions in a manner which might have for its consequence that they should take on themselves charges and obligations which are not commanded by the spirit and object of the convention. The King will maintain it without variation as a gua- rantee of an independent development of the German power ; but, on that account, he considers it his duty to remove from it all that does not emanate from German interests, well understood. He hopes that the Emperor of Austria will appreciate, in following the inspirations of his mind and of his heart, that manner of seeing the matter, and that he will adhere to it as a German prince. He hopes, besides, that the Emperor of Austria, admitting that his States are now guaranteed against every attack on the part of Rus- sia, will abstain on his side from every aggressive act against Russia, and will avoid all the complications which would not be necessitated by the pro- tection of German interests, and to which, consequently, article 2 of the convention would not be applicable."

The Russian reply itself is thus described by a German journal-

" It begins by expressing the dissatisfaction Russia feels at the attitude of Austria : then it declares that the four conditions of the Western Powers are not acceptable, because the manner in which they have been published has offended the honour of Russia, and their import is detrimental to the inte- rests of that power. France has clearly stated in M. Drouyn de Lhuys'a de- spatch to Count Buol, inserted in the Moniteur, that she intends completely to cripple the power of Russia. Negotiations on such bases is impossible. Russia has given proofs of her pacific intentions, and the Emperor of Austria already knows that the Emperor of Russia has ordered his troops to with- draw beyond the Pruth. Russia retires within her own frontiers, and will keep on the defensive : in this position she will wait until equitable propo- sals are made to her; and she is resolved to defend her territory against all foreign aggression, from whatever part it may come."

RussiA.—The intelligence from Russia is of a miscellaneous character. A letter in the Hamburg Correspondent, dated the 26th August, gives some information of the state of things in Russia. "The Government, in order to fill up the blanks which are every day mere and more felt in the list of officers in the army, has just issued a ukase, granting to the sons of Greco-Russian, Armenian, and Lutheran priests, great facilities for advancing to the rank of officers, if they enrol themselves as volunteers. All articles from abroad have considerably advanced in price, owing to the dearness of land-carriage. More than 20,000 horses are con- stantly occupied in the transport of merchandise from the frontiers to St. Petersburg and the neighbouring towns. The Government itself is obliged to pay very dear for the conveyance of things of which it stands in need ; and this charge begins to get very onerous. In the interior of the empire misery everywhere prevails. The production of raw materials has almost entirely ceased, particularly in Finland, which causes great distress to the poorer classes. At St. Petersburg they are beginning to make collections, give con- certs, &c., in favour of persons who have been ruined by the war.',

The following proclamation is said to have been issued by the Governor of Odessa to the citizens.

"Inhabitants of Odessa—The enemy has lately shown himself again be- fore our town in still greater force than before. We are armed and well prepared. We will strain every nerve to defeat any attempt that may be made to effect a landing. The ships' guns with which the enemy would bombard us are of immense range. But fear not—even this may be reme- died. Keep wet cloths and skins in readiness, and throw them on the shells which the enemy may fire into the town. Tubs of water must be on your roofs, in readiness to extinguish fire. Should the enemy, however, under the shelter of his cannon, obstinately continue the combat, we will retreat to Tirasopol; but that the enemy may find no protection, we will first con- vert the town into a heap of ruins and ashes. 1Vo to him who should dare to remain behind to attempt to extinguish the fire.

" KRUSENSTERN, Governor." The German journals describe Odessa as utterly panic-stricken ; and state that the corn has been removed to Tirasopol.

The Archbishop of the Tauride and Chersonese recently laid the founda- tion-stone of a new church at Sebastopol, dedicated to St. Wladimir, a saint alleged to have been baptized in the Crimea. The speech of the Archbishop on the occasion reads like irony-

" The laying of the foundation-stone of this temple has greater importance and interest at this moment. Who is ignorant that our foes' dearest wish is to tear from Russia, by some means or another, a portion of her territory ? That, as they themselves admit, is the highest object of their ambition. We reply to this senseless insolence by laying the fodndation of a temple dedi- cated to St. Wladimir. We say, thereby, to our enemies, distinctly and firmly, you are led away by a most unpardonable and vulgar error when you think that the Tauride was not long since conquered with the sword by Russia. It is, on the contrary, an ancient hereditary property, the legacy of the holy Wladimir! There is the cradle of our baptism—here is the foun- tain of our holy history and tradition. To abandon this land, would be as it were to abandon the cradle of our baptism and to be faithless to St. Wladimir. Is that possible ? Sooner shall not a single stone remain t pen our hills than

the cross be replaced by the crescent ! This, I tell you, is the meaning and object of this present ceremony as regards our enemies! Yesterday they ap- peared in great force off this city, as if they wished to assist at the founda- tion of this temple, and take warning from the lesson it contains. But, blinded through their might and majesty, they will not comprehend this lesson."

The Invalide Busse, speaking of the Bomarsund as only an " advanced post," the mere sketch of a fort, mentions the capture of Bomarsund as " a report " derived from external sources.

" This is all that is known of this lamentable occurrence, which it was impossible to prevent. However painful may be the fats of the fortifica- tions of Aland, isolated as it were as an advanced post, we have in this respect also the consolation of knowing that the Russian troops remained faithful to their duty and to military honour. By defending during eight days, against 58 ships and 10,000 soldiers, a secondary and unfinished fort, the garrison of Aland has merited the respect even of the enemy, and has heroically sustained the glory of the Russian arms."

TIER BArric.—The fortresses on the Aland Islands were destroyed by mines on the 30th and 31st August and 2d September. On the first of these days, Presto fell from the effects of three explosions ; the granite blocks forming the outer casing slipped over into the sea, and left nothing but a heap of brick and rubble behind. Nottich was blown up by four or five discharges on the 31st, and only two shaken portions of the circular tower remained. The main work, except a portion reserved for an ex- periment, was destroyed on the 2d September, by several grand ex- plosions. "A portion of the centre of the tower had been purposely left for Admiral Chads to try the eact of broadsides of the Edinburgh. On Monday the 4th, he laid his ship within 500 yards, and fired seven broadsides; which made a complete breach in the wall, knocking several embrasures into one, and proving pretty clearly, that if the other forts are built like this, they are no match against our ships. The Admiral then tried broadsides at 1000 yards; but neither the firing nor its effect was satisfactory. Four natives were blown up with the fort. They had been repeatedly warned to go away, but se- creted themselves in hopes of plunder, not believing the mines were to be sprung. One man escaped by some miracle to tell the tale. The founda- tions of the forts in contemplation, some of which were already twenty feet high, and were to contain 160 guns in casemates, were afterwards blown up by some few Sappers and Miners."

The stores in the fortress were previously thrown open to the country- people, who came in crowds to carry off provisions unfit for the use of our seamen. Thus these forts, which have been in process of construction for nearly twenty-five years, at a cost of six millions, become matter of his- tory only.

A report has been widely circulated that the fleets in the Baltic are to return home, and that the naval campaign is at an end.

The Moniteur de la Flotte pronounces the rumour premature ; but does not decidedly contradict it. " The (French) sailing vessels," it admits, "have been ordered home, but the steamers have received no such or- ders."

A telegraphic despatch informs us of the return of the troops.

" .Nyborg, Sept. 12.—The French ships Donauwerth, Saint Louis, Tilsit, Assyrienne, Andromaque, Cleopatra, Laborieux, with transports, have passed through the Belt with the Baltic troops. We are told that 1600 have died of cholera."

GREECE.—According to an Athenian journal, the Minerva, of the 28th August, "the English troops encamped on Mount Pentelicus lately re- quested the Archbishop of Athens to celebrate a mass in the church of the neighbouring monastery, to thank the Almighty for having preserved them in good health since they removed to that mountain. They invited, at the same time, to a banquet, the notable inhabitants of the adjoining villages. The fête lasted until nightfall. Divine service was celebrated with becoming pomp, and the villagers were enchanted with the truly fraternal reception they experienced from the English soldiers. We have also learned that the latter, wishing to perpetuate the recollection of their residence on Mount Pentelicus, have opened a subscription among them- selves to purchase a lustre for the church of the monastery."

SPAIN.—Order is not quite restored in Spain ; as the reports of " ex- cesses " and " deplorable outrages" by the inhabitants of Badajoz and other towns testify. Brigands infest some of the roads, and add murder to robbery. The Times correspondent gives an agreeable account of Madrid, altd how the cholera is invited.

"The construction and demolition of the barricades of the 18th and 19th of July and 28th of August have caused an immense accumulation of dust in all the streets, and the least breeze suffices to raise clouds of a subtile sand, which makes its way everywhere. The whole day long a dusty haze hangs over the parched city. Since the revolution of July the police of the streets has been utterly neglected, and the state of Madrid has been disgraceful to a civilized country, and to the authorities who ought to attend to it. A prin- cipal nuisance is that of beggars, not a few of whom are of the class of clever impostors occasionally shown up at London and Paris police-offices. One can hardly walk a hundred yards without being assailed by persevering mendicants, and having disgusting deformities and mutilations thrust under his very nose. With dismal whine or hoarse invocation of countless saints, these gentry make their way everywhere, crouch on the staircases of clubs and public buildings, and encumber the footpaths, not too wide in Madrid. Then, out-of-door commerce has become a prevalent mode. Sellers of news- papers, hardware, handkerchiefs, and various other merchandise, abound in the most frequented thoroughfares, impeding and pestering the passengers. Melon-merchants shoot cart-loads of their cholera-promoting commodity wherever they think best. The whole of the shady side of the Puerto del Sol is crowded from early morning till long past mid-day with gossips, mining gamblers, and idlers of every kind, through whose unyielding mass one progresses at the rate of 100 yards in ten minutes, unless one prefers the desperate alternative of rushing into the sun and under the wheels of the numerous and ill-driven vehicles that here cross each other from half-a- dozen of the busiest streets in the town. Add to these, disagreeable odours of various kinds, none of which, assuredly, have their origin in the Spice Islands, and you. will have a pretty correct idea of Madrid in September 1854. Its condition is an invitation to cholera."

The monthly return of the revenue for July shows a very large falling. off in nearly all the branches, as compared with July 1853. The total receipts of July 1853 were 83,843,388 reels; while those of July last were only 59,201,971 reds; showing a difference against the latter of 24,641,417 reels. The Grand Cross of the Order of Charles III has been conferred on General San Miguel, for his great services as President of the Junta of Madrid ; and the same distinction has been conferred on General Dulce, and the Marquis Pereles the late anti Senor Sagasti tlso present Civil Governor of Madrid

The Madrid Diario of the 8th announced that Queen Christina had arrived in Portugal; but no direct account of her entry into Lisbon has been received thence. She is said to have recovered her usual spirits ; but the Duke of Rianzares is described as pale and greatly cast down. Her property and that of her husband has been seized by the officers of the Government.

The Count of San Luis, the infamous Sartorius, seems to have cleverly effected his escape in disguise to Bayonne ; travelling in the same coach, unrecognized, with some rid friends and one of the Spanish Ministers. He had darkened his fair skin and dyed his blond hair.

ITALY.—The Turin Parlament° of the 7th instant states, on the au- thority of letters from Naples, that the Government had forbidden the quotation of the Russian lean on the Neapolitan Exchange. The Rus- sian Minister, it is said, threatened to demand his passports, should he not receive satisfactory explanations.

It is calculated that 10,000 persons have died at Naples of the cholera ; which, however, on the 4th September, was decreasing in severity. The King had remained during the visitation on the island of Ischia ; and little or nothing was done to cleanse the capital. The Government seem to have found time to heighten the sufferings of Poerio—their last stroke has been to confiscate his property.

UNITED STATES.—The Arctic arrived at Liverpool on Wednesday, with advices from New York to the 2d September.

The Greytown affair has taken a not unlooked-for turn. While the journals venture statements that elaborate notes have passed between Mr. Buchanan and Lord Clarendon threatening an interruption of amicable relations, a Mr. Calvin Durand has caused Captain Hollins of the Cyane to be arrested, on the order of Judge Oakfield, of the Superior Court of New York. Mr. Durand lost property at Creytown, the value of which he fixes at 14,000 dollars; and he sues Captain Hollins for the recovery of that sum. The Captain was bailed, and on the security of three Go- vernment officers of the port of New York. It is anticipated that many similar suits will be commenced ; and it is asserted that President Pierce will support Captain Hollins.

The Niel; York Daily Times publishes a correspondence respecting neutral rights and privateering, which passed between Mr. Marcy, Mr. Buchanan, Mr. Mason, and Mr. Crampton, in the course of last spring. The despatches extend over a period between the 24th February and the 9th May. Before war was declared, Mr. Buchanan had an interview with Lord Clarendon on the subject of neutral rights, and urged the adop- tion of the principle that "free ships make free goods," with hopes of success, which were more than realized. In a despatch to Mr. Marcy, dated limit • „._,Bucluggia, states that Lord Clarendon had shown

him the "" 'on respecting neutral rights; and asked him whether he *as p eased with it.

"I said, that in one particular it was more liberal towards neutral com- merce than I had ventured to hope ; and this was, in restoring the goods of a friend, though captured in the vessel of an enemy. He remarked, that they had encountered great difficulties in overcoming their practice for so long a period of years, and their unvarying judicial decisions; but that modern civilization required a relaxation in the former severe rules; and that war should be conducted with as little injury to neutrals as was com- patible with the interest and safety of belligerents. He also observed, that he had repeated the conversation which he had with me on these subjects to the Cabinet Council, and this had much influence in inducing them to adopt their present liberal policy towards neutrals." In a subsequent despatch, the American Minister describes a conversa- tion between himself and Lord Clarendon on the subject of privateering; during which Lord Clarendon seemed to hint that it would be desirable to conclude a treaty with the United States for its suppression. "In answer," writes Mr. Buchanan, on the 24th March, "I admitted that the practice of privateering was subject to great abuses; but it did not seem to me possible, under existing circumstances, for the United States to agree to its suppression, unless the naval powers would go one step further, and consent that war against private property should be abolished altogether upon the ocean, as it had already been upon the land. There was nothing really different in principle or morality between the act of a regular cruiser and that of a privateer in robbing a merchant-vessel upon the ocean, and confiscating the property of private persons on board for the benefit of the captor. But how would the suppression of privateering, without going further, operate upon the United States ? Suppose, for example, we should again unfortunately be engaged in a war with Great Britain,—which I earnestly hoped might never be the case,—to what a situation must is e be reduced if we should consent to abolish privateering.

"The navy of Great Britain was vastly superior to that of the United States in the number of vessels of war. They could send cruisers into every sea to capture our merchant-vessels, while the number of our cruisers was comparatively so small as to render anything like equality in this respect impossible. The only means which we should possess to counterbalance in some degree their far greater numerical strength, would be to convert our merchant-vessels, cast out of employment by the war, into privateers, and endeavour by their assistance to inflict as much injury on British as they would be able to inflict on American commerce."

Mr. Marey's views on this subject are expressed in his reply, dated April 13—

" This Government is not prepared to listen to any proposition for a total suppression of privateering. It would not enter into any convention where- by it would preclude itself from resorting to the merchant-marine of the country, in case it should become a belligerent party." On the 21st April, Mr. Crampton officially communicated to the Fe- deral Government the declaration of war, and the declarations respecting neutral rights and privateering In acknowledging the same, Mr. Marcy -showed that the Federal Government fully appreciated the liberal course adopted by the Allies. "'The undersigned has submitted those communications to the President, and received his directions to express to her Majesty's Government his sa- tisfaction that the principle that free ships make free goods,' which the United States have so long and so strenuously contended for as a neutral right, and in which some of the leading powers of Europe have concurred, is to have a qualified sanction by the practical observance of it in the pre- sent war by both Great Britain and France, two of the most powerful nations of Earope.

a Notwithstanding the sincere gratification which her Majesty's declara- tion has given to the President, it is ould have been enhanced if the rule alluded to had been announced as one which would be observed not only in the present but in every future war in which Great Britain shall be a party.

The unconditional sanction of this rule by the British and French Govern- ments, together with the practical observance of it in the present war, would cause it to be henceforth recognized throughout the civilized world as a gene- ral principle of international law. This Government, from its very com- mencement, has laboured for its recognition as a neutral right. It has in- corporated it in many of its treaties with foreign powers. France, Russia, Prussia, and other nations, have in various ways fully concurred with the United States in regarding it as a sound and salutary principle, in all respects proper to be incorporated into the law of nations......

"To settle the principle that free ships make free goods,' except articles contraband of war, and to prevent it from being again called in question from any quarter or under any circumstances, the United States are desirous to unite with other powers in a declaration that it shall be observed by each hereafter as a rule of international law."

In the last despatch of the series, dated May 9, Mr. Marcy, writing to Mr. Seymour, suggests that a convention of the principal maritime na- tions should be held, to arrive at a joint declaration, that, in future wars, free ships should make free goods, except articles contraband of war; thus formally erecting that principle into a dogma of international law.

Bit/ans.—The steamer Great Western arrived at Southampton on Tuesday, with papers from South America. The latest dates from Pio de Janeiro are to the 14th August. At a sitting of the Lower House on the 11th, Deputy Wanderley proposed a series of resolutions affecting the slave-trade of the interior, which it was anticipated would be adopted by the Chambers. These resolutions prohibit the transportation of slaves from one province to another, except in some number to be limited by the Government ; make it incumbent on owners to support slaves freed on account of their age or incurable sickness ; and set free all slaves al- lowed by their owners to beg.