ENGLAND,

Bmixsuraz. Mr. Pusey took leave of his old constituents in the follow- ing address to the electors of Berkshire, which appeared in the papers of Wednesday.

" Gentlemen—I am unable further to prolong the contest ; but though I am defeated, the cause which I have defended has won.

" The farmers have lately received advice from two opposite parties, the one pointing backward to the flesh-pots of Protection, the other urging them to struggle forward through their difficulties on the path of improvement.

" Protection has this year fallen ridiculously, not by the assault of its ene- mies, but the desertion of its supporters. Whether the dreams of other re- lief will be realized, a few weeks will show ; but in any case the farmers will soon discover what blind guides they have followed.

" Improvement, on the other hand, has more resources than ever to offer ; and its loudest opponents, stooping from the heights of their eloquence, must soon pay to it a silent tribute by consenting to purchase new manures and leas uncouth implements. Chemistry and mechanism have beaten poli- tics and protection.

" When I made a stand against those who were leading the farmers by the wrong road, I knew what I risked, and bad counted the cost. In all struggles many must fall, but these too are satisfied if they learn that victory is on their side.

" Deeply feeling the imperfection of my own services, and your former kindness ; thanking, toe, moat warmly those friends who have aided me to the last, I have the honour be, gentlemen, your obliged faithful servant., " Pusey, July 12. Pnitre PIISEY."

Mr. Pu.sey's friends were deeply disappointed at his retirement. They submitted to his decision, but would not submit to allow Mr. Vansittart an unopposed return. It had been arrangeil that Mr. Walter, M.P. for Nottingham' should second the nomination of Mr. Pusey ; but as soon as Mr. Walter learned Mr. Pusey's intention to retire, he returned to town on other engagements. On the nomination-day, Thursday, at Abingdon, after Mr. Palmer, Lord Barrington, and Mr. Vansittart, had been pro- posed and seconded, Major Court proposed Mr. Walter himself as a fourth candidate, without his knowledge or concurrence. Mr. James Norris, of Sutton Courtney, Berks, and Common Councillor of London, seconded the nomination. The three Conservative candidates made speeches ; a show of hands was taken, which proved to be in their favour ; and then a poll was demanded for Mr. Walter by Major Court, and fixed for Monday and Tues- day. In the evening, however, Mr. Soames, of Woldngham, arrived in Abingdon, and stated, as Mr. Walter's solicitor, that though he had not been able to consult him, he was sure Mr. Walter would prefer that his name should be withdrawn. Major Court and Mr. Norris consented to act on this opinion, and the nomination was virtually withdrawn but the poll being fixed, the formality of keeping it open must be gone through next week.

BIICRINGRAMSRIRE. Mr. Disraeli and his late colleague, Mr. Dupre, met a body of their constituents on Wednesday, at a dinner in the Anchor Inn, Newport Pagnell; and Mr. Disraeli put forth a shadowy manifesto of the "principle" on which the "compensating equivalents" to the agriculturist are to be managed. His oration was so finespun that it does not admit of being woven into the compact stuff suitable for our columns ; so it must be judged by samples. "Gentlemen, the old question was simply this. You said it required a system of legislation which would secure to you an artificial price : you were always taught to believe that in raising prices you would find redress; and, in my opinion, it would have been very wise not materially to have destroyed the old system. But there is another view of the case—another view of your position—another means by which you may obtain redress—and a means more practical than recurring to the past, which is beset with infinite diffi- culties. It is, not to increase prices in order that you may have a fair re- muneration for your toil; but it is, gentlemen, to reduce the cost of produc- tion. Now that is the sound advice which the agricultural interest must act upon. You are told that it is one of the necessities for the prosperous con- dition of England that the bread of the people should be cheap. Well, I say take care that the producer of that bread shall be able to produce it as cheap as possible. Now, gentlemen, you will find if you adopt that view of the case, that you who are occupiers of the soil will more gradually get the feel- ing of the country in your favour, and at the same time more perfectly secure compensation for yourselves. It is, as I have said, in re- viewing the system of taxation which exists, and in the adjustment of that system, that the cultivators of the soil will find that com- pensation which they have a right to expect from the abrogation of that law which gave them artificial prices ; and I say, in accordance with the spirit of the age and with the temper of the country, let your produce now be raised upon the cheapest possible principle. But then, it follows you must not allow your native produce to be shackled by laws which hinder the pro- ducer from competing with foreign countries. It follows that, in the new principle of justice, the cultivators of the soil shall no longer remain the only dads incapable of receiving a fair profit for their industry. It follows, you must take care that the same justice be done to all her Majesty's sub- jects. And I am well aware, gentlemen, if the question be viewed in that light, and if taxation shall certainly be placed upon a new principle, I am convinced we shall be able to bring forward measures of relief which will re- ceive the sympathy and approbation and support of all the various classes of this country." If his counsel were accepted, they would receive "an effi- cient and effective remedy." "I do not mean to say, gentlemen, that a negligent man without capital would find any remedy much to his advantage. That none of you would desire. But I say the cultivator of the soil, who embarks in his undertaking with ardour and with enterprise, with all the personal conditions requisite to success—who brings an adequate amount of skill on the one hand and a fair share of capital on the other—will then be allowed to enter on his undertaking with a fair prospect of obtaining that remuneration to which he is entitled." "We have been sometimes asked, Why don't you say what you till do ? ' Why, gentlemen, we ought to go to the country upon principle, and not upon details. We say we think there should be measures brought forward to place the cultivators of the soil in a position to allow them to compete with foreign industry. That is the prin-

ciple. We are not going to tell you what these measures of detail are. Ay or no, do you think it fair that English industry should be burdened ?—that is the question."

So far as he could see, the results of the appeal made by Lord Derby to the nation were evidence that the agricultural class was about to give its sanction to such views as he had expounded. "I see some of the greatest towns in the country eagerly and zealously advancing to give us the oppor- tunity of bringing forward these measures, and that they believe such remedial measures to be just and necessary. An honourable friend has just men- tioned Liverpool, and Liverpool is the greatest port of England, much more extensive than London. But this decision of Liverpool is not unaccompa. nied by others equally startling and satisfactory. The city of Dublin has done the same ; and I have learned within these few hours that the great manufacturing town of Belfast—the Manchester of Ireland—has returned two Members to support the Government. And if I take the other great ports of the country—Dover., Greenwich, and Plymouth—I find the same re- sult. Well, gentlemen, it is unnecessary for me further to vindicate the course which we took in opposition, and which we mean to preserve in power. You have only to adhere to that principle, and make justice to the Land the condition of all those you return to Parliament ; and I am certain, measures will be brought forward which will place you in a position to get a fair return with cheerfulness. I say with cheerfulness, for no man can do so where there is injustice."

"It is my firm conviction that the Government of Lord Derby will meet Parliament in the autumn with an absolute majority. To me that is not a subject of doubt. And the Ministry shall therefore no longer have to meet a hostile Parliament, or be restrained in its policy by an overpowering Op - sition. We shall meet Parliament prepared to do our duty, under a conviction that the country will steadily support us."

CAMBRIDGESHIRE. The Honourable Mr. Yorke and Lord George Man- ners, together with Mr. Ball, the Protectionist tenant-farmer who has been brought forward to succeed Mr. Townley, were elected on Thursday, without opposition. Mr. Ball said that the system of Free-trade, as now tested by some years' experience, is one of the greatest curses ever in- flicted on a country. But he presently went on with this qualification-

" If we must have Free-trade, let the system be carried out fully : abolish all protection and restrictive laws, and that would benefit the farmer more than a revision of taxation. He would vote for the withdrawal of the May- nooth grant."

DEvoxsions, Nonni. The late Members, Sir Thomas Dyke Acland, and Mr. L. W. Buck, were reelected Without opposition. But though the election was uncontested it was a very excited one. There had been a requisition to Mr. G. S. Buck to contest on Protectionist ground the seat of Sir Thomas Acland ; and even this limited demonstration against one so enthusiastically respected by the great mass of the men of Devonshire aroused strong feeling amongst them, and made Mr. Buck senior a Most unpopular mark on the nomination-day at South Molten on Tuesday. Sir Thomas Acland was escorted to the hustings, in front of the market- place, by a long line of yeomanry on horseback, followed by a large crowd, carrying the usual banners. Mr. Buck was accompanied by a smaller num- ber of mounted supporters and by several carriages. Sir Thomas Acland was very generally cheered, but Mr. Buck was received with yells and groans. The two parties were most violent in demeanour ; and blows were exchanged, and sticks and stones thrown, before the proceedings com- menced. When the election was done and the Sheriff had made his official declaration, the name of Mr. L. W. Thick drew forth shouts of" No' no l" In his speech of thanks, Sir Thomas Acland said he was pleased to be re- elected with his old colleague.

Mr. T. Tepper—"Sir Thomas is now returning good for eviL Point the finger of scorn at him. Mr. Buck, where is your son, who professed Pro- tectionist principles, and went up to Exeter and stood on the principles of Free-trade ?" (Groans.) Sir Thomas Acland—" You could confer no more inestimable favour than as hearty, honest, good-humoured, fair men, to hear without interruption my honourable colleague." (Cheers.) An Elector to Sir Thomas—" Would you, or not, vote for the reimposition of the Corn-laws, if proposed, directly or indirectly, by the present Ministry."

Sir Thomas Acland—" The verdict has been solemnly given after many, many, many years' contest ; and I.am not the man to dispute that verdict. (Tremendous cheering.) Nor do I know where such a man is to be found, unless he should have lately escaped from some asylum." (Renewed cheers.) Mr. Buck could, scarcely obtain any hearing for a single word. He said he would do everything to allay the angry feelings of parties, and do justice to all classes of the community.

Esssx, Nonni. The Braintree Democracy, indignant at Mr. Beres- ford's insult to them at his former election, when he called them "the rabble of Braintree," resolved to have plenty of "row" at the nomina- tion on Tuesday. !Sir. John Tyrell was received with "groans, hisses, and a few cheers"; but Mr. Beresford was received with "hooting and yelling so terrific and incessant that the proceedings were brought to a stand-still for ten minutes." Mr. Hardcastle, late M.P. for Colchester, who appeared on Waal/ of a third candidate, besought the meeting to give Mr. Beresford a hearing.

"Mr. Beresford is a member of a Government which has hitherto most skilfully concealed its intentions, and. it is. therefore the more necessary to listen to his explanations." (Laughter, and cries of "No, no, let him apologize ."') At last a hearing was given, and the Secretary at War availed himself of it in this wise-

" Freeholders of North Essex, I address myself to you, and I do not so- licit the sweet voices' of those who are not electors, but who are causing all this disturbance today. It devolves upon you to elect two Members to serve you in Parliament. You have a right to elect whom the freeholders choose, and not whom the rabble choose. (Tremendous excitement and up- roar.) I appeal to the freeholders, to the landowners, and to the clergy of North Essex, who I am sure will return me in spite of your brawls. (Great confusion.) I despise you from my heart, as the vilest rabble I ever saw."

The yells and hooting rose again to a tempest roar, and continued long. But the excitement and exertion could not be maintained for ever, and the candidate at last made himself heard, in a belligerent speech of con- siderable length. His most notable points were the following. "Why, gentlemen, we have done more in one short session than others have done in four long ones. I glory in belonging to such a Government as that; and I am sure the people of England—nit those noisy people there, but the real people of England—will give to thatlelovernment their best support. This contest is a vexatious one. It is not a true contest. It is got up to draw away the fire from South Essex, where the confiist is hottest. But I counsel the freeholders of the Southern division to postpone their exertions

for me. Let them take care to carry the election of Messrs. Smith and Bramston triumphantly in South Essex, and then if they come to bear a helping hand to me I shall be thankful. That will be the way to beat the Whigs. I ask, gentlemen, is there a clergyman in all North Essex who will not be ready to support the man who is a friend of the Church, and to

i

oppose him who s not its Mend? Is there a farmer who will not support the Government that wishes to protect his interests ?—for I say I am a Pro- tectionist still ; I say I remain unchanged, and as I was. I in yet gave an opinion in this county that I shrunk from repeating, and I certainly am not going to do it now. Is there, I ask, an honest Protestant in all North Es- sex who will turn his back upon the man who has bearded Popery to the "face, and who will do it again, whether it be in Ireland, or in the House of Commons or anywhere else ? "

Mr. Thomas Barrett Lennard was proposed as a third candidate ; and in his absence, Mr. Hardcastle, late M.P. for Colchester, spoke for him. Mr. Hardcastle made a great onslaught on Mr. Beresford- "Just look at his name : it stinks in the nostrils of every one." When he was not thought sufficiently talented in Irish blundering, he was sent to school at Coggeshall. Mr. Hardcastle hoped the meeting would show him that he improved his talent for blundering, and that he would not be re- turned. [Mr. Beresford—"It will not be so great a blunder as yours at Col- chester."] That was not the first time Mr. Beresford had been out of temper. He held what could hardly be called an offioe, but it was the appointment of whipper-in to the Tory party ; and what did they think were his duties ? Why, to look after the young lords, who wanted to be at balls all night and yet to be present at the divisions, and generally to do all that quiet conveni- ent kind of work that "made things pleasant" for his party. Why was it that, after he had been whipper-in for them for so many years, they at last grew tired of him, and were obliged to get somebodkelse in his place ? After six years of opposition, amid the derision of the country, he was raised from his private position,. and pitchforked into the office of Secretary at War. Well, that representative of the people came down into the country, and when he was met by expressions of dissatisfaction because working-men—as honest and independent as himself—feared he wished to put a tax on their bread, he thought proper to call them "the rabble of Braintree." (Marks of indig- nation and uproar.) The show of hands was in favour of Mr. Lennard and Sir John Tyrell. The poll for the first day, Friday, showed these results- Tyrell .. 1742 Beresford.. 1710

From, Sorra. The late Members, Mr. Bramston and Sir E. North Buxton were opposed by Sir W. B. Smijth ; who was nominated by Sir John lirrell; Mr. Bramston adhered stoutly to Protection, but expressed his doubts whether the political circumstances of the e • • on which we are about to enter, will be such as shall enable Lord I erby to carry out such measures of relief as he would desire to propose." Sir E. N. Buxton thought that Free-trade though suddenly introduced, had been a blessing to the bulk of the people ; and he suggested that half the Malt- tax should be repealed. Sir W. B. Smijtli said, that progressive changes were only steps to a Democratic Republic ; a consummation which the return of Sir E. N. Buxton would hasten.

At the close of the poll on Friday the numbers were- Bramston . .. 2619

Smijth . • • . • • . .. 2418

HAMPSH111, NORTH. Mr. Shaw Lefevre, Speaker of the late House of Commons, and Mr. Melville Portal, were reelected on Tuesday, with- out opposition. Mr. Lefevre's speech seemed to imply a renewal of his candidature for the Speakership- He had spent twenty years in the public service, and for a considerable

portion of time had the honour of occupying the chair of the House of Commons. He had endeavoured to fulfil the duties of that office faithfully and impartially ; but he had thereby been withdrawn from the ordinary du- ties of a representative. He could, however, recall attention to the time when he had sought support as an independent county Member, when he had ventured to give his opinion on that agitating topic, the Corn-laws. Had the plan he then proposed, (an eight-shilling fixed duty) coupled with the repeal of half the malt-tax, been adopted, much of the distress and loss which the agricultural body had sustained would have been spared them, and the adoption of the present policy would have been gradually brought about without any injury to the community at large or to the farmer. With respect to future measures, he should recommend the abolition of the law of settlement. He thought that every county should be compelled to adopt a rural police and that the cost of such force should be borne by the.public at large. The whole expense of the public prisons and of prosecuting and punishing offenders should be defrayed by the Government. But the most important of all was the promotion of education, which he should wish to see placed on a permanent basis, by which the rising generation of this country might procure a sound moral education. The duties of a Member of Parliament must, he believed, in future be laborious and responsible ; but to whatever duty he might be called, he would endeavour to give a good account of his stewardship.

Haws, SMITH. There were circumstantial reports of an intended Li; beral opposition being revived at the last moment, but they proved un- founded. Mr. Henry Combe Compton, one of the late Members, and Lord H. Cholmondeley, in room of Lord Charles Wellesley, now M.P. for Windsor, were elected on Wednesday, without opposition. Lord H. Cholmondeley avowed himself a firm supporter of Conservative principles, but one who considers that the question of Protection is now settled," and that Lord Derby will not think of altering the present law.

IIERTFORDSHIRE. The candidates were nominated at Hertford on Thursday. They were Mr. Halsey, Sir Henry lieu; and Sir Bulwer Lytton, Derbyites ; Mr. Trevor, Mr. Bostmquet, and Dr. Pullen, Free- traders. The proceedings were very much interrupted by uproar ; but the speeches, even that of Sir Bulwer Lytton, were uninteresting. Sir Bulwer Lytton attacked Lord John Russell, lauded Lord Palmerston, and contended that Lord Derby is entitled to a "fair trial." The show of hands was in favour of the Free-traders.

LANCASHIRE, Sours. Mr. William Brown, the late Member, was re- elected on Wednesday, and Mr. Cheetham was elected in succession to Mr. Alexander Henry, the retiring Liberal colleague of Mr. Brown, both without opposition. Mr. Brown made a statement in reference to the effect of the repeal of the Navigation-laws on shipping, to which his enor- mous interest in shipping gives authority.

"A great deal had been said about the shipping interest, about English shipowners being entirely ruined, and about the Americana and the Baltic merchants running away with all the trade, in consequence of the repeal of the Navigation-laws. Now, what was the fact ? The American registered and licensed tonnage was 3,772,439, while the British was 4,332,036 tons ; the former being about one-eighth less than the English tonnage. They would see presently what a large share of the American trade the British registered shipping had. The British ships registered in the United King- dom in 1848 had 125,940 tons; in 1849, 121,266 tons ; in 1850, 137,530 tons; in 1851, 149,599 tons, the largest amount on record. The increase of British tonnage in the three years before 1848, the year when the Navigation- laws were repealed, was 813,000 tons; and in three years after repeal 963,000 tons. The British ships and those of all other nations entering and departing from Great Britain in 1851 were 15,980,198 tons ; while of British shipping alone there were 9,82%87% or 61 per cent on the whole amount in favour of British ships. The American ships were 1,567,070 tons, being only 16 per cent of the British shipping. Comparing the five months ending in Tune 1851 with the same period in 1852, the British gains were 123,374, and the foreign loss 167,232. The Liverpool shipping now employed was 3,737,666 tons ; whereas, in 1844, it was only 2,632,712 tons, baying increased in the six years 1,104,964 tons. The increase from 1828 to 1836 was 457,316 tons ; 1836 to 1844, 491,553 tons ; and 1844 to 1852, 1,104,954 tons."

Mr. Cheetham professed the political creed of an advanced Liberal and Free-trader ; and added in reference to religious endowments, his opinion that "either all religions denominations in the country should be equally contributed to by the State, or else none should be endowed."

Lamasmmannia, Nolan. Mr. E. B. Farnham, one of the late Mem- bers, was reelected, and the Marquis of Granby was elected in succession to his uncle Lord Charles Manners, on Wednesday. A third candidate, not present, Mr. Harris of Leicester, "a devoted man of the people," was put in nomination by the Liberals, for purposes of speechmaking, but was withdrawn. Lord Granby argued at some length in favour of Protection ; but his hearers gave no favour to his opinions on this subject. He had affirmed that both the Spitalfields weavers and the Leicestershire stockingmakers were alike worse off, and to prove this let them speak for themselves. They had met together and affirmed that, in consequence of foreign competition, they could not live, and had asked for protection from foreign competition. (Cries of " We want no protection!" and confusion.) If they really were benefited by Free-trade, they might depend upon it that the system would never be reversed but if they were not benefited, they would ask again for protection. (Lined cries of Never !" from a band of stockingmakers us front of the hustings.) Pointing to a man in the crowd, who had been exhibiting a loaf at the end of a stick, and calling out for "cheap bread," Lord Granby. exclaimed, "What has become of that loaf?" The man produced it. "Ay, there it is," resumed the Marquis ; "hold it up higher." The man did so, holding it far above the heads of the mob. "There," said Lord Granby, "you see there is no use in putting a big loaf at the top of a pole where the people can't reach it."

Passing to another branch of the subject of taxation, he adverted to the sugar, coffee, and timber duties. "Those were not levied for protection, but for revenue." "There was the greatest possible difference between a duty for revenue and one for protection. He would take the ease of tea, on which there was a duty of 2s. 21d. a pound. They might, with great bene- fit to the working classes, reduce the duty on tea a shilling a pound ; which would vastly increase the consumption of that article, as it was not a duty for protection."

In conclusion he said, if it were possible to return to a better system 'without resorting to protection let them do so; but he questioned whether they could, even by an adjustment of taxation. He would ride the .horse Protection sq long as he was fit to go out ;with, hut when not fit he would take the beast of 'burden id far as it could carry him. Greatly as he esteemed privately the Members Of Lord Derby's Government, he wished to be returned for that conifituency under no false colours ; aa# therefore he said he would not render it his blind support, but would seise every oppor- tunity of supporting it generally. One man alone of that Government caused him to place considerable confidence in it,. and that man was Mr. Christo- pher. He had boldly declared what his opinion and the opinion of any Go- vernment he continued to be connected with must be.

The show of hands appeared to be in favour of the Marquis of Granby and Mr. Harris ; but as soon as the Sheriff had officially declared the majority for them, the name of Mr. Harris was withdrawn, before a poll had been demanded by anybody.

lifmnuasr. Mr. Secretary Walpole was reelected on Friday, without opposition. His speech of thanks was a defensive exposition of the Derby- ite policy. Its main and opening division was an elaborate financial discourse, to prove that Sir Robert Peel's legislation of 1842 was a just and equal policy, which produced advantages to the country in increasing the employment of the people and diminishing pauperism and crime ; but that his legislation of 1846 was onesided and injurious to the country, lessening the earnings and savings of the people, and increasing pauperism and crime. The policy of 1842 was supported by the whole Conservative party, that of 1846 only by a portion of it. The evils of the policy of 1846 were to be remedied, not, Mr. Walpole thought, by a reimposition of duties, but rather by adjusting the taxation so as to make it more fair and even.

Other portions of Mr. Walpole's speech contained a sketch of political par- ties, .ancl references to the questions of defending our religious institutions and conserving our Parliamentary system. There were four parties in the last Parliament, and there will most likely be the same number in the coming one,—the followers of Sir Robert Peel ; those of Lord John Russell ; the Ultra-Liberal or Movement party, energetic and able, but not likely to obtain the confidence of the country ; and the followers of Lord Derby. The Peelites are men of great power and ability, but so few in number that they must unite either with the Conservatives or the Whigs. The latter they might join from motives of ambition, though there is little fellow feeling be- tween them. "If the.y did, the former Government party would gain con- siderable weight and importance by that connexion ; but they would add another page in the history of the inconsistencies of public men. Our religious institutions had been menaced from without, and they had been menaced from within. While he was opposed to those attacks, he would maintain for the assailants the utmost and fullest toleration ; but in doing so if any one, under that plea, interfered orencroached upon the prerogative of Crown, or the law of the land, or the rights of the people, his answer would be that such a toleration could not be endured. With regard to the attack from within, he would speak of that with a degree of hesitation. The establishments of this country give a liberty of action to all its members ; but it could not give that liberty of action to singularities of any kind which might produce disputes or lead to division. He would endeavour to keep all its members within its pale,- so that they should live in harmony and peace. He believed that their establishments were great depositories of sacred truth, and he would do all he could to strengthen them. In reference to the Parliamentary franchise he said, he was strongly opposed to any organic changes. He thought Lord John Russell, with all his merits, had committed a mistake in introducing the franchise measure of last ses- sion. "Re would redress all practical grievances or abuses, and would 'do all he could to improve our institutions ; but organic changes he would strongly resist. He believed, however, if the new amalgamation of party were carried into effect, we should have a great organic change. That was

the reason why he would not, and could not, give' his adhesion to the further extension of reform in Parliament."

NOTTINGHAMSHIRE, SOUTH. Mr. Hodgson Barrow, the late Member, was reelected; and Lord Newark, whom Mr. Barrow defeated sixteen months ago, was now quietly returned as the successor of the other late Member, Mr. Hildyard, who retired. Mr. Barrow declared he would give no slavish support to any party leader ; he would hold himself an independent Member : but he was bound to declare that he entertained great respect for the nobleman now at the head of the Government, whom he believed to be anxious to benefit the suffering agriculture. Lord Newark rejoiced that a Conservative Government had acceded to power— He regretted that there was no probability of the public voice being fa- vourable to the carrying out of protection to agriculture ; yet he believed the Earl of Derby would do something to ameliorate the condition of the agri. cultural class. He hoped they should hear of no more grants to Maynooth.

OxPonnsnraz. A portion of the Conservative party of Oxfordshire felt it unjust that Lord Honeys should be driven from the seat which he has occupied during twenty years, for anticipating by one or two Parliament- ary sessions that full adhesion to the Free-trade system which the other Members are no doubt only biding their time to yield. Some of the Ra- dicals of the city of Oxford sympathized with this feeling, and resolved to support a Liberal Conservative scheme to nominate Lord Norreys despite his published address of resignation, and raise a fund for carrying out his re- turn free of expense to him—at once as a rebuke to the sinister influences which had procured his resignation, and as a testimony of personalrespect for his frank and independent character. At the nomination, on Monday, Mr. Harcourt was proposed by Sir H. Willoughby, and seconded by Dr. Phillimore, a Free-trader. Lord Norreys, who was not present, was nominated by Mr. Vincent, a respectable Conservative publisher in Ox- ford, and Mr. Towle, a Radical papermaker. Mr. Henley was nominated by Sir H. Lambert and Mr. Lechmere ; the latter of whom said, the longest liver present would not live to see a tax again on corn. Colonel North, the Conservative candidate who proposed to occupy the plane of Lord Norreys, was nominated by Colonels Fane and Dawkins. Mr;Harcourt asserted the position of an independent Member, who has never connected himself with any political party in Parliament.

He avowed the belief, that it is entirely out of the question that any tax on corn should be renewed in the approaching session. He said that he had supported the Reform Bill, and that.if further changes, which he considered reasonable, just, and not dangerous, were proposed, he would never set his face against alteration because it was alteration. Mr. Henley, though personally respected in Oxford, had much difficulty in getting a good hearing; the mob being violently inclined to hold fast the "big loaf."

"There is no one more anxious," he said, "than I am that the working men of this country should have the means of purchasing and enjoying as much of the necessaries and luxuries of life as it is possible. (" Six bob a week!" Groans.) It would have been more to the purpose if these questions had been asked six or seven years ago. (" Oh, oh I") There is no intention now, as far as I know, in the mind of any man, to reimpose those laws which the general voice of this country has completely rejected. (" Will you vote against them ?" Uproar.) I have before, in this hall, refused, and I alwaya will refuse, to give any pledge upon any subject ; but this I will say, that I believe it as little likely as that the Thames shall run backward—to adopt what has been well said by a noble lord in another place—that any proposal to reenact those laws sha,11.be made." (Renewed uproar, which put an end to the speech.)

Colonel North could obtain no hearing at all. The show of hands was in favour of Harcourt, Lord Honeys, and Henley ; and a poll was demanded for Colonel North. • Lord Norreys published a handbill, stating that he desired to persist in his resignation ; and adding, that if he were elected circumstances would compel him to resign the seat. The Liberal Committee replied with a handbill, stating that if he did so resign the seat when elected, another candidate would be forthcoming in his room. The poll, however, was decidedly against Lord Norreys. Henley .. • 2292 North . .. 2191 Harcourt .. 1398 Norreys .. 669

OXFORD ITravansrrv. The nomination was on Saturday, in the Slid- donjon Theatre. The polling commenced that day, and was kept open till Wednesday ; but the success of Mx. Gladstone was so marked from the beginning, that Dr. Marsbam communicated to his committee on Tuesday evening his intention to retire from the contest. The poll on each suc- cessive day was as follows— Saturday, July 10.

Sir Robert Inglis .. 286 Mr. Gladstone .. 236 Dr. Marsham . • ' 124

Monday, July 12.

Inglis Gladstone ..

Tuesday, July 13

Inglis .. .. 1326 Gladstone .. .. 1068

Close of the Poll—Wednesday, July 14.

Inglis .. 1368 Gladstone .. .. 1108 - Mareham 758 Majority for Gladstone over Marsham 350 The whole constituency is 3474. At the election in 1847 the numbers

were—

Sir Robert Inglis .. .. 1700 Mr. Gladstone .. .. 997 Mr. Round .. .. 824 "Thus it appears that not only is the position of Mr. Gladstone strength- ened by 101 votes, but that of the senior representative has lest strength to the extent of 332 votes.

The Standard of Monday noticed conspicuously, as matter of boasting, that several members of the Derby Government had taken the earliest op- portunity of recording their votes against Mr. Gladstone— "Among those who polled early on Saturday for the Warden of Merton, we noticed the Right Hon. thve President of the Board of Trade, the Right Hon the Secretary at War, Viscount Cranley, and Sir John Yards Buller."

STsProxinsianz, Norenr. Mr. Adderley and Mr. Smith Child were re- elected on Monday, without opposition. Mr. Adderley came out as a very

920 710 491 marked adherent of Lord Derby, though he did not retract his own ad- hesion to Free-trade, noted some months ago.

He attacked Sir James Graham for his Charge against Lord Derby that he advocated a policy out Of office which he has abandoned in office and now seeks to kick down the ladder by which he ascended to power. The last man in the world who should launch such charges against Lord Derby's friends was Sir James Graham, inasmuch as that right honourable Baronet was one of those who, by his distinguished talents and his eloquence, formed that great party of which Sir Robert Peel was at the head twelve years ago. It was Sir James Graham who aided in building up that party which he had since deserted, and now daily traduced. One fine morning that distinguished person suddenly deserted his old friends ; he rushed over to the opposite aide, seized the weapons of his opponents, and flung them in the face of his old friends. He, one of the lights of Sir Robert Peel's great party of 1841, now talked of cheap bread for the people, and for old women cheap tea. Mr. Ad- derley hoped that the country would properly distinguish between a man of that kind, and one who constantly adhered to his principles. Those who like Lord Derby, like a man who performs what he promises, who is the leader of the band that supports the old Conservative policy • and I hope he will carry it out successfully. He is not like Lord John Russell; who brings for- ward little measures, like the little Reform Bill, to support his falling Adminis- tration. Lord Derby will not truckle to the Pope one day and kick him the next, but he will maintain consistently the policy of the Conservative party. He will do that in office which will best conduce to the support and the maintenance of the peace, the welfare, and the prosperity of the empire."

STAMFOB.D. The election for the Marquis of Exeter's borough was on Saturday last. Mr. Berries was again returned, and Sir Frederick The- siger—dismissed from Abingdon—was chosen here for the first time. There was a very adverse mob ; but Mr. Berries was respectfully listened to. Mr. Berries refused to concede that the Derby Ministry is now before the country on the single narrow issue of Free-trade or Protection. "Our oppo- nents will not allow us to come before you to plead our good conduct in the past, or to appeal to what we propose to do for you in the future. No,' they say, your business is with one problem only—you are here to decide one question only—the simple question of Free-trade or Protection ; and all other matters must be lost sight of—all other national concerns must be dis- missed from consideration, until that one point has been definitively set at rest.' Gentlemen, that is not our judgment. It was not on that solitary principle that we would have founded our policy or based our claim to pub- lic confidence. But since the issue has been thrust upon us, we accept it. We had come here to see whether it shall be decided by the majority of the constituencies of this great empire, that England shall progress in that course of /xdicy which has been pursued for so many years under our opponents,— whether our Colonies are to be doomed to merciless destruction, and one after the other to be cut off like deadened branches from the country to whose prosperity and glory they once so materially contributed ; and whether we shall go on in a course of reckless and impetuous legislation trampling under foot the wealth, welfare, and happiness of the landed interests of the king- dom • or whether we shall not rather maintain our Colonial empire inviolate, protect our landed interests in security and strength, and cherish the salu- tary influence on the happiness of the people of the Church of England." "Such were the questions which we believed to be involved in the great struggle in which the country is now engaged : but since our opponents will not have it so, let us pause for a moment to consider what, up to this mo- ment, has been the result of the contest, viewed even in the narrow and re- stricted aspect to which they now desire to limit it. From a list which I hold in my hand, and which I believe to be strictly accurate, it appears that up to the present moment there have been lost to the cause with which my honourable friend and I are identified 16 seats, and that there have been gained to that cause 32. Liverpool, second only to London in commercial importance, has ejected two of the best and ablest advocates of Free-trade, and chosen in their stead two gentlemen who are pledged to the moderate policy of Lord Derby. Cambridge also, a place of great importance, has ma- nifested its sense of the test to which our opponents have driven us, by electing two representatives who hold opinions similar to those entertained by my honourable colleague and myself, and similar to those which are most in favour with you. In Grantham we have succeeded ; in Grimsby we have succeeded ; in Boston we have succeeded ; in Lincoln we have succeeded. Where, in this neighbourhood, have we not succeeded ? As I have said be- fore, so I now repeat, we accept the issue even on the terms in which it is defined by our adversaries, and we fearlessly await the result." At the end of Mr. Herries's speech, a little scene happened, which is pleasantly reported by the Morning Post. A gentleman of diminutive stature' and wearing a white hat, stepped for- ward, and, after making a polite salutation to Mr. Berries, intimated his anxiety to ask that right honourable gentleman a question.

Mr. Berries—" You are Mr. Richardson, if I mistake not? The gentleman in the white hat acquiesced.

Mr. Herries-4' Then you must permit me to say, I do not hold you par- ticularly well qualified to ask any man a question."

Mr. Richardson—" With all respect, you are mistaken. I wish to know whether, in the event of any honourable Member proposing in the House of Commons an extension of the suffrage, you will be prepared to support such a proposal ?" Mr. Berries—" Before answering that question, Mr. Richardson, I have an interrogatory to put to you, to which I hope you will do me the favour to reply."

Mr. Richardson, whose manner was peculiarly mild, and whose general as- pect was meekness itself, took off his white hat, and with a captivating smile assured Mr. Berries that nothing could afford him greater pleasure than to answer any question that might be proposed to him. Mr. Berries—" I have seen it stated in a publication of authority, that you have declared your intention to shoot a distinguished nobleman [the Marquis of Exeter] residing in the neighbourhood of this borough. I wish to know, Mr. Richardson, whether you ever made any such declaration ? Did you say so ?"

Mr. Richardson (with the sweetest smile imaginable)—"I have never re- gretted having said so—if I did say so." (Cheers, groans, and laughter.) Mr. Herries—" Then, permit me to say, you are not a fit person to put a question to any man of honour or probity." (Loud cheers, groans, and aughter.)

Sir Frederick Thesiger opened with exuberant gratitude to the electors of the "ancient and independent borough" of Stamford; and then went on to expatiate on topics which Mr. Berries had, from indisposition, handled but briefly.

"We have refused to meet our opponents on the narrow ground which they have scattered with pitfalls for our reception. Our battle-field is the whole range of the constitution." To that high ground he challenged them to remove the battle, and he looked with confidence to the result. The late Ministry condescended to every pretext to copciliate the favour of all par- ties. "They lived from day to day on the efumbs of assistance they could pick up anywhere, and they were supported by voluntary contributions. Their course might be compared to that of a traveller walking at night over a country covered with swamps and quagmires. Such are the cruel contin

gencies of his condition, that he is unable to pursue a straight course in any direction. He must choose his ground as best he may. He is now slipping into sloughs and bog-holes ; presently by a dexterous effort he places himself for a moment on firm footing, but in an instant after he is again floundering in the mire, until, his spirit exhausted, and his strength entirely failing him he sees the hopelessness of contending with the difficulties which sue- round him, and lies down in complete despair. One night we heard the Go- vernment expressing sentiments in the highest tone of Conservatism ; the next night they regaled our ears with remarks that seemed to have been gathered from the sty of Radicalism. One night they were frighted from their propriety—shocked to a degree that seemed fatal to human delicacy, by Mr. Hume and his proposals ; the next, they fearlessly gave expression to doctrines which no Chartist would disdain to utter. For my part, I did not hesitate to declare my sentiments with respect to their vacillating policy. I told the noble Lord then at the head of the Administration, that his fluctuations, his vacillations, would bring ruin and discredit upon him- self and his party ; and I forewarned him, that if he strained the reins at one moment and flung them on his horse's neck the next, he would be hurled headlong down the steeps of Democracy at last." Look at their course in reference to the Papal aggression. " You are all aware, that when that insolent attempt was made to invade the Queen's supremacy by parcelling this free country into ecclesiastical districts for Ro- man Catholic bishops, a feeling of indignation ran through the veins of the nation—(A cry of " Jig loaf! big loaf! big loaf! " and great laughter)— and every Protestant in the land was alive to the danger. ("Big loaf !") The noble Lord, then Prime Minister of the Crown, carefully watched the signs of the times. He listened for the faintest sound—he turned his face to catch the slightest breath of popular expression ; and, at last satisfied that the feeling of the country was aroused, he came forward with that celebrated Durham letter in which he gave expression at once to his own indignation and to that of the country. The Protestant population of the kingdom were naturally gratified at such a declaration of opinion from one in a position so exalted and authoritative. Like Fluellen the Welshman who believed all the words uttered by Pistol at the bridge, they relied implicitly on the noble Lord, and believed that they had found in him a trusty and chival- rous champion. But did he follow out the views he at first so valorously expressed ? (Cries of "Big loaf ! " and "Don't tax the lffead of the poor !") No. There was danger in a neighbouring kingdom. He found that it would not be possible for him to act independently if his political existence were to continue ; and therefore, with a view to conciliate all parties, he introduced the very smallest modicum of legislation that the circum- stances would permit of. Be did just enough to irritate, but nothing what- ever for security. The consequence was, that when he endeavoured to bring those adversaries of our faith who favoured the aggression to agreement with him upon those measures which constituted the very basis of his government, he found they failed him in his hour of need, and he was obliged to abandon office in despair. Then, again, consider the noble Lord's conduct with re- gard to the introduction of a measure for the extension of the suffrage, a topic to which Mr. Richardson just now alluded, with no great advantage to himself. (Laughter, and an appalling shout of "Cheap bread for erer ! " and "Don't rob the poor !") My accomplished friend is anxious for a big loaf, and with all my heart and soul I wish it was in his mouth this minute." (Boars of laughter.) [The reporters of the other papers, less genteel than he of the Morning Post, represent Sir Frederick as less tolerant to the De- mocracy and less courteous in his wit. "I suppose that man wants a big loaf: I wish he had one in his throat." They also report, that when Mr. Richardson repeated to him the question put to Mr. Berries, Sir Frederick "treated him with the same indignant scorn as Mr. Berries, and told him he was like an, ass in a lion's skin, who frightened every animal he met till his deception was discovered."]

The close of the proceedings is thus described- " As at Harwich and other 'boroughs, so too at Stamford, the mob regard the hustings as their peculiar perquisite, and no sooner has the last speaker made his bow than they rush like an army of wolves upon that devoted structure. The hustings on the present occasion were rather more valuable than usual, and the ravenous ferocity with which they were assailed by the rabble beggars description. Hatchets,. axes, mallets, saws, and sledge-ham- mers, were brandished in every direction ; and in less than five minutes the rostrum was levelled to the ground, and its assailants were fighting like devils for the dismembered timber."

SUFFOLK, EAST. Sir E. S. Gooch and Sir Fitzroy Kelly were chosen again without opposition, on Wednesday. The Solicitor-General made a long speech in correction of "misrepresentations" of his sentiments on commercial policy, by which he alleges that the public journals aggrieve Behint

approved of that legislation of Sir Robert Peel which repealed the im-

port-duties on a great number of articles of constant and daily consumption by all classes, as calculated to benefit the great mass of the community; but when he came to the crowning act of the Government of Sir Robert Peel, the repeal of the Corn-laws in 1846, there he stopped, there he protested, there he denied any substantial good, and affirmed that the measure was followed by unmitigated evil. Having thus generally redressed himself, Sir Fitzroy at great length set himself once again to prove the proposition he has before advanced, that though 3,000,000 quarters of wheat, and a propor- tionate quantity of other corn, were imported in 1850 and 1851 beyond the imports of 184.3 and 1846, yet "the food of the various classes of this coun- try was not increased"—" the comforts and enjoyments of the people as a mass were in nowise increased" ; because the home production of this country was less in 1850 and 1851 than in 1845 and 1846, by a larger quantity than the excess of imports. Be then followed Mr. Walpole through the figures quoted by him last week, to prove that the savings of the poor were leas, the poor-relief by the parish was greater, and the registers of crime were swelled, in the three years following 1846. The rest of his speech was in the same vein. An allusion to Harwich produced from him the assertion of his belief that the alteration of tho Navigation-laws "has gone far to annihilate one of the most important of our manufactures."

SURREY EAST. The Conservatives of East Surrey, after they were disappointed in their hopes of a Protectionist candidate, by Mr. Fresh- field's explicit statement that it would be hopeless for him to come forward in that character, struck up a vigorous contest with two Conservative Free-traders for their candidates. Mr. Locke King and Mr. Alcock, the late Liberal Members, were attacked by Mr. Antrobus the banker, and Mr. Cleasby, a distinguished graduate of Trinity College, Cambridge. The canvassing during the past fortnight has been incessant ; the politicians of London actively sharing in the business of an election in so adjacent a county. At a dinner of the Conservatives in Croydon, after market- hours on Saturday last, Mr. Antrobus said, he believed that the present Chancellor of the Exchequer "is capable of bringing forward" a scheme which, without imposing taxation upon others, and by greater economy in the public expenditure, may give relief to the agriculturist.

To that economy he looked, and to that economy he looked almost alone, for any benefit which the Government would have it in its power to offer to the farmers. He felt that a Protectionist line of policy had come to an end. He had often told his agricultural friends, that they must cease to attempt to recover that which they had lost, and that what they must now expect to obtain was small compared with that which had been taken away from them. He had accordingly voted for placing the West India interest in the same position as the landed interest ; for he was not disposed to give to one what had been taken from the other. He felt that this question of pro- tection was settled—unfortunatelfor the country, as he believed, but that it was settled notwithstanding. He however, when in Parliament, would take the earliest opportunity of gaining free trade as regarded other interests, upon the principle that if protection were withdrawn from one interest it ought to be withdrawn from all. He did not pledge himself to vote for the repeal of the Malt-tax, because the public credit must be kept up. But there was a most profligate expenditure going on at the present moment. The last Administration wasted 3,000,000/. in Caffre wars ; and so long as such sums were lost to the country, it was hopeless to expect that anything could be done for the farmers, because there was no fund to do it from. The present Government during the last session had given a constitution to one of our Colonies : we now spend 3,500,0001. every year upon our Colonies, and he said, "Give them the right of governing themselves, and save us, the taxpayers, some 3,000,0001. per annum." He thought the present Govern- ment would enter upon that course. He had, however, told the tenant- farmers whom he asked for their votes that they must not expect too much ; that he felt he had little to offer to them ; and he feared that but little could be done by any one for their benefit.

At the nomination, on Monday, Mr. Antrobus said—

He believed that wages had risen, that employment had increasA, and that trade had flourished. (Cheers, and a cry, "Free-trade for ever I") He, for one, was not disposed to go back. He took the most public oppor- tunity of stating, that he had most fully determined, and this determination he had arrived at on the day the Corn-laws were repealed, that Protection neither would, could, nor should be restored. (Cries of" Oh I" and cheers.) He had been asked whether the farmers were aware of it. He said yes, they must have known it ; because they at first sought for two Conservative Pro- tectionists, and they did not ask himself and his friend Mr. Cleasby until they found that a Conservative Protectionist had no chance of being returned. He had been told in innumerable cases by persons whom he had canvassed, "I am a Conservative myself; and I want to be assured, in the first instance, whether you are entirely prepared to support Free-trade." He repeated his opinion that little can be done except by economy. "Much as the farmers had suffered, he was convinced that little could be done for them by legislative interference. They might take off taxes from the farmers which the manufacturers would never submit to ; but if they abolished such taxes, they must do it by economy in the expenditure, and by avoiding Caffre wars, in which we had lost 3,000,0001. of money." He was convinced that an extension of the suffrage was coming, and that with increasing intelligence and improved education it could not long be withheld. But he was not going to support such a scheme as that of Mr. Locke Bing, to alter the qualification of half the present constituency for maintaining views hostile to that gentleman. He was opposed to the ballot with a limited constituency ; but if the franchise were extended so far as household suffrage, if they liked to have the ballot let them have it.

Mr. Cleasby spoke in a similar tone. He had no hesitation in saying that he was in favour of the cheap loaf. He was not for going back, but for going forward. We had got the cheap loaf, and now let us have the cheap glass of beer. Let the alleviations made be such as would be beneficial to all classes ; and, with such an Administra- tion as the country now possesses, there is the fairest prospect of such a sur- plus in the revenue as will enable the Government to take off, if not all at once and immediately, the unfair, partial, and odious tax upon malt. The repeal of the Malt-tax would be beneficial to the farmer and to the labourer. So far as he could see his way to the alleviation of the burdens which press unfairly upon the farmers, it is in this direction : but he wished nothing to be done to revive class animosities.

The Liberal candidates made the most of their adversaries' "conver- sion." Mr. Locke King could take very high ground.

He was proud to stand up before the electors of East Surrey, in these times of political apostacy, as an honest man. (Derisive laughter from the Con- servatives.) His opinions were unchanged, and he hoped unchangeable. He was no new convert; he Was not indeed a convert at all, for conversion im- plied a change of opinion. He was born a Free-trader; and he was proud to say that it was his father [the late Lord King] who from the very first opposed the introduction of the Corn-law in 1815, and fought the battle singlehanded for many a long year before Villiers, Cobden, and John Bright had thought upon the subject, and before the people of England were taught to believe that a tax upon their bread was an oppression.

Mr. .Alcock observed that the farmers had no candidate at all if not the Liberal candidates.

It was impossible that Mr. Antrobus and Mr. Cleasby could be their can- -didates, because they claimed to be as good Free-traders as their late Members. If the farmers were really converted to Free-trade, then it would be a most unworthy and disgraceful thing if they did not give their votes to those who had been in the forlorn hope in the battle of Free-trade, rather than to those who only entered at the breach to share the pillage and participate in the honours, and whom he considered to be merely the malingerers aad skulkers of that party.

These were the numbers at the close of the poll, on Friday.

Alcock .. 2486 Cleasby .. 1949 WARWICKSHIRE, Norm. The late Members, Mr. Newdegate and Mr. Spooner, were opposed by Liberal candidates,—the Honourable Keppel Craven and Sir T. Skipwith. The nomination, on hustings at the vil- lage of Coleshill, about twelve miles from Birmingham, was a scene of great excitement and violence. Special trains brought from Birmingham and Coventry bodies of five, six, and seven hundred of the partisans of each pair of candidates. At first the adherents of the old Members were most numerous, but later in the day the adherents of the new candidates became the greater multitude. Tremendous uproar, and fighting, so general as almost to give the scene the character of a riot, prevailed during the whole proceedings. The "Liberal" partisans at last prevailed over their opponents, and drove them off the field; and the consequence was that very few words of what Mr. Spooner or Mr. Newdegate had to say were heard. Mr. Craven declared he would oppose the present Ad- ministration and support any Liberal Government ; and Sir Thomas Skip-. with said the same. The old Members said they would oppose the ag- gressions of the Roman Catholics; the new candidates answered that they would oppose all return to commercial protection. The show of hands was altogether in favour of Craven and Skipwith.

The polling on the first day, Thursday, was in favour of the late Mem- bers—

Newdegate .. 2308 Craven . 1893

Skipwith.. • • • • • • .. • • • • .. 1882

YORKSHIRE, NORTH RIDING. The late Members, Mr. Cayley and the Honourable 0. Dtmcombe, were returned, Mr. Cayley said to the crowd, who were strongly for the " big loaf "—

He wanted to know if they had all had a big loaf since 1846. (A Voice—. " Since 1849 we have.") Well, if they had all had a big loaf; he congratulated them upon it ; and he was sure there was no one more glad than himself when the poor man had a full board before him. His object had been to afford protection to British industry. (A Voice--" What does that mean?") He meant, to enable those who laboured to have a fair remuneration for their labour ; for otherwise what was the use of their going on ? He saw before him many York tradesmen, and he wanted to know whether their profits had increased since 1846. (Cries of "No ! " and " They have since 1849 !") Well, then, since 1849. (A Voice—" We have better living, more money to share, and eight or ten shillings a week to buy food and clothing with.") He was speaking to the shopkeepers now : had they not lost more at the counter than they had gained in the cupboard ? ("Ho, trot") Well, he was glad to hear it, for they might depend upon it, he did not stand there to op- pose their interests. If there was any one member of the present Government whom he could put into competition with a member of the late Govern- ment, that person was the present Chancellor of the Exchequer, Mr. Disraeli. He did not believe there was any person in the House of Commons better able to grapple with the subject of the finances of the country than that gentle- man. It was a very difficult problem Mr. Disraeli had to solve ; but he had it from that gentleman's own lips, that he conceived the financial question to be the problem which the next Parliament would have to solve. The great difficulty was with regard to indirect taxation."

SCOTLAND.

BUTE COUNTY. Mr. Stuart Wortley, Recorder of London, was reelected without opposition.

He adhered, with expressions of attached reverence, to the policy of the late Sir Robert Peel in financial matters ; but confessed that the grant to Maynooth had entirely failed in its object, and that the Roman Catholics are now struggling not for toleration but ascendancy. In the West of Eng- land, Lord Palmeston had been asked what Government he would support : his answer was, that all would depend upon the future. If he were asked the same question, he would tell them frankly that he did not know : he never knew public affairs in such perplexity ; and as to the Ministry which was to be intrusted with government, this was still, in his opinion, in the womb of time. If he were asked if he had confidence in Lord Derby, he was afraid he must say that he had not confidence in his Lordship and his Govern- ment.

MONTROSE. Mr. Hume was returned on Friday last, without opposi-

tion. The "veteran Reformer," according to his wont, went over the history of his forty years' struggle!: and out of Parliament against abuses and sinecures; congratulated 11. elf that his opinions have gradually been adopted by his opponents and embodied in the law of the land; and further congratulated himself by anticipating the award of history.

In reference to his party position he said—"I have sometimes seen my

friends, whom I had supported nineteen times, turn round when I went against them the twentieth ; and they would have kicked the old lion if they could. And no man was more ready to do so than the late chief of her Ma- jesty's Government: and yet I have a warm feeling for Lord John Russell. 'Tis true, by his dilly-dallying and see-sawing he lost the confidence of my- self and others, who turned from him in disgust ; but I cannot forget what he has done ; and, having willingly and cheerfully acted under his banner for years, I would be a recreant to my principles if I did not acknowledge his great services, and say that no man can have rejoiced more at his return for the City of London than I have done."

Mr. Hume then marched on his habitual ground of "figures." The mili-

tary expenditure was once more his main point of attack. 'Since the Duke of Wellington was at the head of the Government, our military expenditure has been increased so as to require 6,000,000/. a year of additional income, and to require all that you raise by the Property-tax to meet this expenditure alone. Lord John Russell at first proposed to raise a Militia of 150,000 men —that lost him his party and his place. The next Government was too wise to retain all, but too cunning not to take a large share. Hence they pro- posed to raise 80,000; 50,000 to be drawn this year, and 30,000 the next, with power to raise 20,000 more if required ; all of whom have to be armed, drilled, clothed, and paid out of the public funds. In 1832, on the principle, I suppose, that 'a new broom sweeps clean,' the Whigs reduced the Esti- mates; and but the other year, when the Financial Reform movement pressed on them, they made another attempt at reduction, and did some good ; but the broad fact stands out on the public records of the nation' that at the very time they were stirring up this military panic, they had. alarger mili- tary force at command than France, and more soldiers and sailors to defend 27,000,000 of civilized subjects than are required to govern in India more than 100,000,000 of semi-barbarians. I shall make this plain. In 1835 we had 81,271 Infantry, Cavalry, and regular Militia ; 8319 Ordnance Corps, Artillery, Engineers, &c. ; 27,000 Seamen and Marines,—making a total of 116,590 men. Now, in 1852, we have 101,937 Infantry, Cavalry, and regu- lar Militia ; 16,682 'Ordnance Corps, Artillery, Engineers, &c. ; 39,000 Sea- men and Marines,—total 156,519; and showing an excess of 39,929 men in these departments alone. But to these must be added, as available defensive forces, the Militia Staff, 18,600 enrolled Pensioners, 9200 Dockyard Batta- lions, 14,600 Yeomanry Cavalry, 5717 Coast Guard service, 12,321 Irish Police Constables, 13,200 Police in England and Wales, and 8442 Channel Islands Police,—being a total of 81,980 men : and if to these again you add those who are to be raised under the new bill, you have a total force above 318,000 men ; to which may also be added 40,000, which the bill gives power to raise if still more be required,—making in all above 350,000 men. Now, was it fair, WSS it just, to say that this country was in a weak and defenceless state, when such facts were known to the panicmongers themselves? But this is not all. We have the naval forces in commission. Taking the same years as before, I find that while in 1835 we had 167 ships afloat, and 20,287 out of the 27,000 Marines, in 1861 we had 235 pennants flying, with 39,124 out of 42,000 Marines in the service. Now the like number of all the armed forces in France, including the Gendarmes and every kind of available force, did not number so high as this : and was it not, therefore, a monstrous injustice of this country to try and raise the panic that we were defenceless ? In India the total number of the Queen's troops is only 25,500, with 269,000 of Native troops and, as I have already said, these are all that are required to protect 100,000,000 of semi-barbarians, while we need 350,000 men to protect and govern 27,000,000 of Christians? ' ("Shame!") EDINBURGH CITY. The nomination was on Monday. After the dearth of candidates which was so notable five weeks ago, there appeared at the last moment to be no fewer than six. Mr. Cowan' the late Member, was proposed by Bailie Brown Douglas, and seconded by Dr. Greville ; Lord Provost M‘Laren, by Mr. M'Crie and Mr. Law ; Mr. Macaulay, by Mr.

Adam Black and Bailie Morrison ; the Honourable T. C. Bruce, by Mr. Pringle of Whytbank and Mr. Hill ; Mr. Campbell of Monzie, by Bailie Boyd and Mr. Monteith of Broich ; Professor Dick, by Dr. Renton and Councillor Lindsay. The speechmaking was not very interesting, and is briefly reported. Mr. Black stated that the supporters of Mr. Macaulay intended to take on themselves the whole burden and expense of his elec- tion.

Mr. Cowan denied that he had coalesced with Mr. Bruce, and recommended the friends of Mr. Macaulay to beware of any such al- liance as had been publicly recommended with the supporters of the Lord Provost. In reply to questions, Mr. Cowan said he thought the ballot would be attended with inconveniences : he would oppose bad mea- sures from any Government, and give factious opposition to none ; but he thought that the present Government had introduced some good measures, such as the New Zealand Bill.

Lord Provost M‘Laren relied mainly on his local services : for instance, his instrumentality in passing the bill for establishing out-door schools in connexion with lieriot's Hospital, whereby 20,000 children have been educated.

Mr. Bruce declared himself entirely favourable to Free-trade ; and said he thought that the ministers of all religious denominations should con- sult and cooperate in the framing of a measure for edacation.

Mr. Campbell repudiated Toryism and Whiggism alike : he was against the past and the present Government alike— He was opposed to Lord Derby, because he thought he had not yet sail- ciently indicated his love of progressive reform, and because he thought this new-born love for cheap food and free trade had been forced upon him. He opposed Lord John Russell, because he found him side by side with Popery, and endowing Popery with funds. Professor Dick said, he came forward to enable the inhabitants to ex- press their sentiments in reference to the " auld Kirk," and the obnoxious tax by which it is upheld—

"A great deal has been said about lifaynooth getting 30,0001. a year ; while it seems to be entirely forgotten that the inhabitants of Edinburgh are paying 10,000/. a year to support eighteen ministers for doing little or no- thing."

The show of hands was in favour of Mr. Campbell and the Lord Pro- vost. The polling took place on Tuesday ; but Professor Dick did not go to the vote. Macaulay . .. 1872

Tst-Rt A ED BetrAST. The late Liberal Member, Mr. Robert James Tennent, is rejected, and two Derbyites, Mr. Richard Davison and Mr. Hugh II`Cal- mont Cairns, are returned. There were very serious collisions between the partisans of the opponent candidates during the election ; and the Liberals make heavy charges against the Derbyites of intimidation and corrupt influences. The numbers at the close of the poll were—

Davison 1259 Cairns .. . • .. • • • . .. 1202 Tennent .. 904

After the election, the animosities of the two factions led them to ex- tremes ending in loss of life. The Dublin paper, &sunder8'8 News Letter, quoted by the correspondent of the Tinnas on Thursday, states that the Itomanists first attacked the house of one Ball, a Protestant ; and that three persons were shot in the fray. As it was feared that there would be retaliation, a party of the Constabulary were stationed in the excited quarter, and they maintained order and calm till about the time the peo- ple left work at the factories ; but as soon as the people left the factories, the two parties came into collision at so many points that the Police could not restrain them, and at last there was a desperate and general conflict. "The principal scene of action was between College Square North and Bar- rack Street. For nearly an hour a desperate fight continued almost without intermission, notwithstanding all the efforts of the small body of Constabu- lary present to restore order. The two parties successively assailed each other, and retired, according to the fortunes of the fight, or as either were driven off by the Police. The attack was not confined to the persons of their adversaries. They began to wreck the houses on either side of the street, each party assailing those in which the families of the opposite party resided. The windows were demolished with stones to such an extent, that at this moment there is scarcely a single window in Durham Street which is not completely demolished, in many of them the sashes being completely torn out. Fire-arms were now in requis tion ; and many of the combatants, some from the street and others from the houses, kept up a continual volley from muskets and large pistols, which gave the spectator the idea of a town being sacked. We have been credibly informed that upwards of sixty shots from loaded fire-arms were fired during this affray, and that one man (a Ro- manist) was seen to take deliberate aim, and fire from a window in his house, at least fifteen times into the street below. It is strange that a greater amount of bloodshed did not occur than that which we have to record,—namely, the shooting of a lad of sixteen years of age, named Henderson, who received one ball through his breast and another through his wrist. He was taken to the hospital in a dying state : the ball was immediately extracted from his body, but we have heard that he cannot survive, if he be not already dead.

Campbell . .. 626

At the declaration of the poll on Wednesday, Mr. Black stated that Mr. Macaulay had offered, if his supporters thought it proper, to go to Edinburgh by the express-train and be present at the declaration ; but he was in such a delicate state of health that it would be a severe trial. His friends at once advised him to delay his coming for a few days. Mr. Cowan acknowledged, with thanks, that he had received the second votes of a number of the supporters of all the other candidates—

Many of these had been given out of personal friendship, and others be- cause they considered him the least objectionable out of a bad list of can- didates.

Lord Provost M‘Laren claimed a victory in defeat—

It appeared that so many as 1559 electors of the city had registered their votes in his favour—being 15 more than were represented to belong to him on the polling-day. These voters, he held, consisted of the very heart's- blood, so to speak, of the Liberal party. Mr. Cowan had 195 votes over him, but he observed it stated in the newspapers that 390 votes were split between Mr. Cowan and the Conservative candidate. There were also, from a com- pact entered into, a large number of plumpers given to Mr. Cowan towards the close of the poll, for the express purpose of keeping him out; so that if these were deducted he had a decided majority over Mr. Cowan of the Libe- ral portion of the constituency. It was a fact about which there could be no dispute, that Mr. Cowan owed his seat to the votes of the Conservative party. (Cheers and hisses.) Respectably dressed women were seen supplying the combatants with huge paving-stones and brickbats, which they carried from the rear of their houses in baskets, in their aprons, and in crocks, to the street-front ; and while the stones were flying and balls whizzing above their heads, young girls were breaking the larger brickbats into more handy missiles for the use of the rioters. One woman was seen at a window signalling to the Romanist party beneath when to advance or when to retire, as she perceived the motions of the Police. Meantime, information was sent to the Mayo_ ,r Mr. S. G. Fen- ton; who arrived shortly after nine o'clock, and read the Riot Act, ordering the people to disperse. Mr. W. S. Tracy, RM., was also present, issuing orders. About the same time, in consequence of an application forwarded to the barracks, a troop of Dragoons and two companies of the Forty-sixth Foot made their appearance on the ground, and rapidly cleared the streets in every direction."

Conic Crrr. The two seats were contested by four candidates,— Colonel Chatterton, Mr. W. L. Perrier, Mr. Sergeant Murphy, and Mr. William Fagan. The main topic at the nomination on Friday was reli- gious persecution. Sergeant Murphy's speech contained some strong pas- safes on that subject. "I thought we all in Ireland were about to combine in a system of har-

monious action and that religious differences would be consigned to oblivion. But how changed the scene became ! how bitterly was I doomed to disap- pointment. And to what is this change to be attributed ? To the dominant spirit of Protestant sectarianism—to that spirit of national as well as secta- rian intolerance which regards the interests of England and Scotland as paramount and superior to the interests of Ireland. But for this sectarian intolerance I attribute no peculiar blame to one party more than another. They were but the barometers of that rancour ever inherent and scarcely ever dormant, in the vast mass of Protestant England and Presbyterian Scotland. They were exponents of that feeling,., and hoped to profit by it in their bid- dings for place and power. It was nom religious persecution that the seven United Provinces obtained their independence. Causes less important have produced momentous results. The Whigs were turned out of power : they were a weak and vacillating Ministry ; and, therefore, they fell unregretted and despised. But who are their successors ? Who is their Chancellor of the Exchequer? ru tell you what he is. He is a political adventurer, who s .ulster; on politics, as a blackleg on the turn of the dice, or the fluctuating c ces of the turf. He is I admit, a man of talent—possessing power of irony and sarcasm—a brilliant novelist, an aocomplished conversationalist and diner-out—a specious and sophistical debater, and a political trader. Such is the profound statesman they have selected as Chancellor of the Ex- chequer. He has no fixed principles, and his late acts clearly show it In 1852, he has after all his denunciations and invectives adopted the Free- trade budget that Sir Charles Wood brought in ; and what does he say ? He says now that free trade—hear it, ye Protectionists 1.—sheds a halo round the humble homes of the peer man, and confers prosperity on all classes. I remember sitting near the Duke of Cambridge, with whom I have the honour of being acquainted, and upon Disraeli's making that declaration, I heard Lord Derby turn round and say, in a kind of playful playhouse whisper— 'Relearn was paid for curses, and had only blessings.'" The whole election proceedings were a scene of violent contest. The Cork Reporter says— "We do not recollect to have witnessed for many, years a contested elec- tion at which there was so much angry feeling exhibited on the part of the populace. At the polling-booths in the Lee Ward, so great was the rioting and interference by the mob with the voters, that the booths had to be closed early in the day, and the polling suspended ; and notwithstanding the pre- sence of a large force of Constabulary and military, voters were maltreated, stones were falling on all sides, and the greatest rioting prevailed. In the course of the day the houses and shops of many, supposed to be adverse to the popular candidates, were assaulted and the windows smashed. Several of our respectable fellow-citizens were attacked and beaten in the most cowardly manner."

The Derbyites were defeated. Murphy .. 1246 Chatterton 898

DROGHEDA. Sir William Somerville, defeated at Canterbury, was suddenly proposed here, but was again rejected. When Mr. James M`Cann had polled some two hundred votes, Sir William's name was withdrawn.

)2/usual-. The Derbyites have another " triumph " in the return of their two candidates, Mr. Grogan and Mr. Vance, by a majority of some fourteen hundred votes over Mr. Reynolds. The defeat of the latter is ascribed chiefly to the extraordinary numbers of the old Protestant freemen who were dragged up to the poll, from all parts of the kingdom ; but Mr. Reynolds also asserts the prevalence of Intimidation to a great extent. During the progress of the poll on Saturday, Mr. Reynolds ap- peared in the Assessor's Court, and gave evidence that the poll- clerks were putting the election-questions to certain of his voters from the South Dock with whom the poll-clerks were officially con- nected as employers, in an intimidating manner ; and that they also threatened his agents and himself with arrest on their interfering to protect the voters. The Assessor instantly sent official subordinates to check such practices, and to report to him for the punishment of the of- fenders. Mr. Reynolds asserts that there have been some hundreds of cases of personation of freemen who are dead, or gone out of the country. The polling resulted with these figures—

Grogan .. .. 4531 Vance .. 4429 Reynolds.. .. 3019 After the election, there were violent proceedings by the antagonist factions. The partisans of Mr. Reynolds broke the windows of the Re- verend Martin Doyle, a Catholic, because he voted for Grogan and Vance ; and then went and completely demolished the windows of St. Peter's Church, in Aungier Street.

Drunasrar. Mr. George Bowyer, the English barrister, and law-adviser of Cardinal Wiseman, was returned without opposition.

GALWAY BOROUGH. Lord Dunkellin, the Whig candidate, backed by the influence of the Marquis of Clanricarde, was rejected, and the two late Members were chosen again.

Mr. Anthony O'Flaherty .. 640 Mr. Martin J. Blake .. .. 462 Lord Dunkellin .. 281

Liumuce CITY. The fierceness of the contest here surpassed even that of the contest in Cork city. The candidates were Sergeant O'Brien and Mr. Robert Potter, Roman Catholics, and Mr. Francis William Rus- sell and Mr. Thaddeus O'Donnell. At the nomination, on Monday, there was a mob of twenty thousand persons. The nomination proceed- ings are described by a Dublin correspondent—.

"The court was opened at half-past ten o'clock ; when the candidates and their friends were admitted to the galleries. To depict the scene would at this moment be impossible. Benches, bars, and seats, were torn up by the mob in the Liberal interest, and hurled with tremendous violence at Mr. Rus- sell and his friends, several of whom were cut and wounded. A man was flung from the gallery, and spiked on the rails beneath. Not one word could be heard from either proposers or seconders, and the candidates at either side were not allowed to speak a word. This evening the windows of every Roman Catholic in Limerick who promised to support Mr. Russell were shivered to atoms by the mob, and military and police are in requisition in all quarters."

The military were attacked with atones; five of the dragoons were unhorsed, and two officers were wounded : Lieutenant Knatchbull is named as one of the wounded officers. The troops had to charge ; and the result was that thirteen persons were next day wider hospital treat- ment. On Tuesday the position of things Wati AIMS deaeribed by the Limerick Reporter— "The city in a state of siege. Artillery with lighted matches make an ex- citing display as they go through the streets with their guns of heavy mettle. Dragoons parade the streets with drawn swords and carbines loaded. The approaches to the olty in every quarter are occupied by strong detachments

"Three Roman Catholic clergymen voted for Mr. Russell. At half-past six o'clock, a violent mob suddenly attacked the house of Mr. Frith, surgeon apothecary, Charlotte's Quay, completely demolishing the shop-front, shut- ters, windows and sashes, and shop-fixtures. They flung the broken mate- rials, boxes, with the medicine-chests, drawers, and phials, into the river opposite his house. The shop was thoroughly gutted of its contents. The police on the quay directly opposite were spectators of this work. Mr. Frith voted for Francis William Russell. Not a policeman interfered until the de- molition was completed, and the house left a miserable rain. The house of Mrs. Kenyon, Thomondgate, mother of the Reverend John Kenyon, is dila- pidated by the wreckers." "7 p.m. The Royal Horse Artillery and Infantry are again called out of barrack to patrol the streets." of military and polio."

The result of the polling was—

Potter..

Russell ..

O'Brien .. . • IDDonnell .

A letter of Wednesday says—

.. 512

.• 461

• • • • 457 • • . • • • • • 70