TREATY OF PEACE BETWEEN RUSSIA AND TURKEY.

" In the name of God Almighty !—His Imperial Majesty, the Most High and Most

Mighty Emperor and Autocrat of all the Ituseias, and his Highness the Most High and Most Mighty Emperor of the Ottomans, animated with an equal desire to put an end to the calamities of war, and to establish, on solid and immutable bases, peace, friendship, and good harmony between their empires, have resolved with a common accord, to in- trust this salutary work to, &c. [Here follow the names and titles of the different Ple- nipotentiaries on both sides.] " Article 1. All emnity and all differences which have subsisted hitherto between the

two empires shall cease from this day, as well on land as ‘,is sea ; and there shall be in perpetuity peace, friendship, and good intelligence, between his Majesty the Emperor Slid Padishah of all the Russias, and his Highness the Padishah of the Ottomans, their heirs and successors to the Throne, as well as between their respective empires. The two high contracting parties will devote their particular attention to prevent all that might cause misunderstandings to revive between their respective subjects. They will scrapulonsly fulfil all the conditions of the present treaty of peace, and will watch, at the same time, lest it should be infringed in any manner, directly or indirectly.

" Article 2. His Majesty the Emperor and Padishali of all the Ituesias, wishing to

give to hie Highness the Emperor and Padishah of the Ottomans a pledge of the sin- cerity or his friendly disposition, restores to the Sublime Porte the principality of Mel- davia, with all the boundaries which it had before the commencement of the war to which this present treaty has put CO end. His Imperial Majesty also restores the prin- cipality of IVallachia, the Banat of Crayova, Bulgaria, and the country of Dobridge, from the Danube as fur as the sea, together with Silistria, Hirsova, Matzia, Isaklya, Toulza, Babarlag, Bazardjik, Varna, Pravody, and other towns, burghs, and villages

which it contains, the whole extent of the Balkan front Emine, Bournou as far as Kazan, and all the country front the Balkans as far as the sea, with Siliminea, Jamboli, Aidos, • Karnabat, Missenovica, Akhioly, Bourgas, Sizopolis, Kirk-Klissi, the city of Adrianople, Lute Bouncier, and all the towns, burghs, and villages, and in general all places, which the Russian troops have occupied in Rotimelia.

" Article e. The Pruth shell semtinue to non the limit of the two empires, from the point where that river touchee the territory ef eloldavia to its junction with the Dun ube - Irons that spot the frontier line will fellow the con se of the Daimler as far as the moue; of St. George's, so that, leaving all the islands formed by the different arms of that river in possessimi of Russia, the right bank shall remain, as formerly, in the possession of the Ottoman Porte. Nevertheless, it is agreed that this right bank shall remain unin- habited from the point where the arm of the St. George separates itself from that of Souline, to a distance of two hours from the river ; and that no establishment of any kind shall be formed there, any more than on the islands which t shall remain in posses- Sion of the Court of Ruesi a ; where, with the exception of the quarantines which may be established there, it shall nut be allowed to make any other establishment or fortifi- cations. The merchant-vessels of the Powers shall have the liberty of navigating the Danube in all its course; and those which bear the Ottoman flag shall have free entrance into the mouths of Ken and Suuline, that of St. George remaining common to the ships of war and merchant-vessels of the two contracting Powers. But the Russian ships of war, when ascending the Danube, shall not go beyond the point of its junction with the Prude " Article 4. Georgia, Imeritia, Mingrelia, Gouriel, and several other provinces of the Caucasus, having been for many years and in perpetuity united to the empire of Russia, and that empire having besides, by the treaty cencluded with Persia at Tourkmantchai on the leth of February 1S2, acquired the Khanate of Erivan and of Naktehivan, the two high contracting Powers have recognized the necessity of esteblishing between their respective States, on the whole of that line, a well-determined frontier, capable of pre- venting all future discussion. They have equally taken into consideration the proper means to oppose insurmountable obstacles to the incursions and depredations which the neighbouring tribes hitherto committed, :mil which have so often compromised the rela- tions of friendship and good feeling between the two respires ; consequently it has been agreed npon to consider henceforward as the feentiers between the territories of the Imperial Court of Russia, and those of the Sublime Ottoman Porte in Asia, the line which, following the present limit of the termed from the Black Sea, ascends as far as the border of Imeritia, and from thence in tile straightest direction as far as the point -where the frontiers of the pachaliks of Akhaltzik and of Ears meet those of Georgia ; leaving- in this manner to the north of and within that line, the town of Akhaltzik and the fort of Klsahlusalick, at a distance of not less than two hours. All the countries situ- ated to the south and west of this line of demarcation towards the pachaliks of Kars and Trebizond, together with the major part of the pachalik of Akhaltzik, shall remain in perpetuity under the domination of the Sublime Porte; whilst those which are situated to the north and cast of the sail line, towards Georgia, Imeritia, and the Gouriel, as well as all the littoral of the Illaek Sea from the mouth of the Kouben as far as the port of St. Nichehee inclusively, under die domination of the Emperor of Russia. In conse- quence the Imperial Court of Russia gives up and restores to the Sublime Porte the remainder of the pachalik of Aldialtzik, the town and the pachalik of Kars, the town and the pachalik of Bayazid, the town and the pachalik of Erzeroum, as well as all the places occupied by the Russian troops, and which may be out of the above men- tioned line.

"Article :i. The principalities of eloldavia and Wallachia having, by a capitulation, placed themselves under the suzerainete of the Sublime Porte, and Russia having gua- ranteed their prosperity, it is understood that they shall preserve all the privileges and column nitiee granted to them in virtue of their capitulation, whether by the treaties concluded between the two Imperial Courts, or by the hatti-sheriffs issued at different times. In consequence, they shall enjoy the free exercise of their religion, perfect secu- rity, a national and independent administration, :MEI the full liberty of trade. The addi- tional clauses to antecedent stipulations, considered necessary to secure to these two provinces the enjoyment of their rights, shall be inscribed in the annexed separate act, which is and shall be considered as forming an integral part of the present treaty.

"Article 6. The circumstances which have occurred since the conclusion of the con- vention of Akermann not having permitted the Sublime Porte to undertake immediately the execution of the clauses of the separate act relative to Servia, and annexed to the fifth article of the said convention, the Sublime Porte engages in the most solemn manner to fulfil them without the least delay, and with the most scrupulous exactness; and to pro- ceed, in particular, to the immediate restitution of the six districts detached from Servia, so as to ensure for ever the tranquillity and the welfare of that faithful and obedient nation. The finnan, confirmed by the hatti-sheriff, which shall order the execution of the aforesaid clauses, shall be delivered and commenicated to the Imperial Court of Russia within the period of a month within the date of the signature of the treaty of peace. "Article 7. Russian subjects shall enjoy, throughout the whole extent of the Ottoman empire, as well by land as by sea, the full and entire liberty of commerce secured to them by the former treaties concluded between the two high contracting Powers. No Infringement of that liberty of commerce shall be committed; neither shall it be per- mitted to be checked, in any case nor under any pretence, by a prohibition or any re- striction whatever, nor in consequence of any regulation or measure whether it be one of internal administration or one of internal legislation. Russien subjects, vessels, and merchandise, shall be secure against all violence and all chicanery. The former shall live under the exclusive jurisdiction and police of the ministers and the consuls of Russia. The Russian vessels shall not be subjected to any visit on board whatever on the part of the Ottoman authorities ; neither out, at sea nor in any of the ports or road.. steads belonging to the dominions of the Sublime Porte. And all merchandise and com- modities belonging to a Russian subject, after having paid the customhouse duties re- quired by the tariffs, shall be freely conveyed, deposited on land, in the warehouses of the proprietor or of his consignee, or else transferred to the vessels of any other nation whatever, without the Russian subjects being required to give notice to the local autho- rities, and still less to ask their permission. It is expressly agreed upon, that all grain proceeeing from Russia shall enjoy the same privileges, and that its free transit shall /meter experience, under any pretence, any difficulty or impediment. The Sublime Porte engt5eb4 besides, to watch carefully that the commerce and navigation of the Black Seo, • shall not experience the slightest obstruction of any nature whatever. For this Puipose the Sublime Porte recognises and declares the passage of the canal of Constantino') and the strait of the Dardanelles, entirely free end openeto Russian ships under 'etre chant flags, laden or in ballast, whether thicy come from the Black Sea to go intoulth Mediterranean, Or whether, returning from the Mediterraurcan, they wish to re-enter the Black Sea. These vessels, provided they be merchantmen, of whatever size or tou zees they may be, shall not be exposed to any impediment or vexation whatever, asit been stipulated above. The two Courts shall come to an understanding withrespect ;L; the best means for preventing all delay in the delivery of the necessary clearances. fe- virtue of the same principle, the passage of the canal of Constantinople and of the stra of the Dardanelles is declared free and open for all the merchant vessels of the Pore it at peace with the Sublime Porte, whether bound to the Russian ports of the Black‘Sers' or returning from them—whether laden or in ballast—upon the same conditions as those stipulated for the vessels under the Russian flag. In fine, the Sublime Porte, ach0,. ledging the right of the Imperial Court of Russia to obtain guarantee of this full libert

of commerce and navigation in the Black Sea, solemnly declares that she will never?' under any pretence whatever, throw the least obstacle in its way. She promises, above.

all, never to permit herself in future to stop or detain vessels, laden or in ballast whether Russian or belonging to nations with which the Ottoman empire shall not be in este, of declared war, passing through the strait of Constantinople and the strait of th Dardanelles to repair from the Black Sea into the Mediterranean, or from the Meditere ranean to the Russian ports of the Black Sea. And if, which God forbid I any of the stipulations contained in the present article should be infringed, and the reclamation of the Russian Minister on that subject should not obtain a full and prompt satisfactione Sublime Porte recognizes, beforehand, the right in the Imperial Court of Russia to eon- sider such an infraction an act of hostility, and immediately to retaliate on the Ottoman empire. 1 Article S. The arrangements formerly stipulated by the 6th article of the Conrentien of Akermann, for the purpose of regulating and liquidating the claims of the respective subjects and merchants of bolls empires, relating to the indemnity for the losses expeeSe the course of eighteen months, at periods which shall enced at different periods since the war of 150e, not having been yet carried into effect Cf and Russian commerce having since the conclusion of the aforesaid convention sufferei new and considerable injury in consequence of the measures adopted respecting the navigation of the Bosphorus, it is agreed and determined that the Sublime Porte, as a reparation for that injury and those losses, shall pay to the Imperial Court of Russieie one million five hundred thousand ducats of I ls obethseattt IteitlIelprearlemafetnert, otfhethsiusinsti'mf

shall 151st an end to all claim or reciprocal pretensions on the part of the two contractem - Powers on the subject of the aforesaid circumstances.

" Article 9. The prolongation of the war, to which the present treaty of peace happily puts end, having occasioned to the Imperial Court of Russia considerable expenses, the Sublime Porte recognizes the necessity of offering it an adequate indemnity. Forth's' purpose, independently of the cession of a small portion of territory in Asia, stipulated by the fourth article, which the Court of Russia consents to receive on account a the said indemnity, the Sublime Porte engages to pay to the said Court a sum of money, the amount of which shall be regulated by mutual accord.

" Article It. The Sublime Porte, whilst declaring its entire adhesion to the stipulations of the treaty concluded in London on the 14th of June (the 6th of July) 1827, between Russia, Great Britain, and France, accedes equally to the act drawn up on the 10th of

March (22d) 1829, by mutual consent, between these same Powers, on the basis of the said treaty, and containing the arrangement of detail relative to its definitive execution.

Immediately after the exchange of the ratification of the present treaty of peace the Sublime Porte shall appoint Plenipotentiaries to settle with those of the Imperial Court of Russia, and of the Courts of England and France, the execution of the said stipule tions and arrangements.

" Article 11. Immediately after the signature of the present treaty of peace between the two empires, and the exchange of the ratifications of the two Sovereigns, the Sublime Porte shall take the necessary measures for the prompt and scrupulous executiou of the stipulations which it contains, and particularly of the third and fourth articles, relative to the limits which are to separate the two empires, as well in Europe as in Asia; and of the fifth and sixth articles, respectieg the principalities of Wallachia and Moldavia, as well as Servia ; and from the moment when these stipulations can be considered as having been fulfilled, the Imperial Court of Russia will proceed to the evacuation of the territory of the Ottoman enmire, conformably to the bases established by a separate act,

which forms an integral part of the present treaty of peace. Until the complete evaeu. ration of the territories occupied by the Russian troops, the administration and the order oh' things there established at the present time, under the influence of the Imperial Court of Russia, shall be maintained, and the Sublime Ottoman Porte shall not interfere with them in any manner.

" Article 12. Immsdiately after the signature of the present treaty of peace, orders shall be given to tt e commanders of the respective troops, as well by land as by sea, to cease hostilities. Those committed after the signature of the present treaty shall be considered as not having takeit place, and shall occasion no change in the stipulations which it contains. In the same manner, any thing which in that interval shall have beau conquered by the troops of either one or the other of the high contracting Powers, shall be restored without the least delay.

" Article 13. The high contracting Powers, while re-establishing between themselves the relations of sincere amity, grant general pardon, and a full and entire amnesty to all

those of their subjects,of whatever condition they may be, who, durieg the course of the war happily terminated this day, shall have taken part in military operations, or mani- fested, either by their conduct or by their opinions, their attachment to one or the other of the two contracting Powers. In consequence, not one of these individuals shall be molested or prosecuted, either its his person or his goods, on account of ins past coo- duct; and every one of them, recovering the property which he possessed before, shall enjoy it peaceably under the protection of the laws, or shall be at liberty to dispose of it within the 'space of eighteen months, to transport blessed, with his family, his grmilit his furniture, &c. into any country which he may please to choose, without experiencing any vexations or impediments whatever. There shall be granted besides to the respective subjects of the two Powers established in the territories restored to the Sublime Porte, or ceded to the Imperial Court of Russia, the same term of eighteen months, to com-

mence from the exchange of the ratification of the present treaty of peace, to dispose, if they think proper, of their property acquired either before or since the war, and to retire with their capital, their goods, furniture, eec. from the states of one of the contracting Powers into those of the other, and reciprocally. "Article 14. All prisoners of war, of vetatever nation, condition, or sex they may he, which; are ill the two empires, must immediately, after the exchange of the ratifications of the present treaty of peace, be set free, and restored without the least ransom or

moult; with the exception of the Christians who, of their own free-will, have embraced the Mahomedan religion in the states of the Sublime Porte, or the Mahornedans who, also of their own free-will, have embraced the Christian religion in the territories of the ltussian empire. The same conduct shall be adopted towards the Russian subjects, who, after the signature of the present treaty of 'peace, in any manner whatever have fallen into captivity, and be found in the states of the Sublime Porte. The Imperial Court of Russia promises, on its part, to act in the same way towards the subjects of the Sublime Porte. No repayment shall be required for the sums which have been applied by the two high contracting Parties to the support of prisoners. Each of them shalt provide the prisoners with all that may be necessary for theirjourney as far as the frontiers, where they shall be exchanged by commissaries appointed on both sides.

" Article 15. All the treaties, conventions, and stipulations, settled and cencluded at different periods between the Imperial Court of Russia and the Ottoman Porte, with the

exception of those which have been annulled by the present treaty of peace, are confinaca in all their force and effect, and the two high contracting Parties engage to observe them religiously and inviolably.

" Article 16. The present treaty of peace shall be ratified by the two high contracting Courts, and the exchange of the ratifications between the respective Plenipotentiaries shall take place within the space of six weeks, or earlier, if possible.

In virtue, &c. (Signed) DIBBITSCII ZABALKANSNY." Count J. PAULEN.