IttfottlIantous,

Tuesday's Gazette contained the official announcement of the Duke of Wellington's appointment to be Commander-in-Chief Lord Hill took his leave of the Army in a general order, dated August 15th, expressing his approbation of the conduct of the officers, non-commissioned officers, and soldiers, and his regret at parting-

" These feelings are, however, greatly. alleviated and consoled by the reflec- tion, that the command of the Army Is now to be resumed by the Duke of Wellington, the ever vigilant and most influential guardian of its interests, and whose achievements have raised its character to the highest pinnacle of glory."

The Duke assumes the command in a briefer general order, dated August 17th; earnestly requesting the support of the officers in main- taining the discipline and high character attained under the management of his respected predecessor ; regretting that the state of Lord Hill's health should have obliged him to discontinue his active services ; and hoping "that the Army will not suffer from the change."

Sir Robert Peel intended to leave town on Saturday afternoon, for Upton Hall, on a visit to Viscount and Viscountess Villiers, where Lady Peel has arrived from Drayton Manor • but in consequence of the alarming accounts received from Lancashire and Cheshire, he was detained in town ; and it is now uncertain when public business will admit of his absence from the Metropolis.

Lord Wharncliffe took his departure on Tuesday, for Wortley Hall, near Sheffield.

Lord Stanley set out on Friday evening, for Netherby, the seat of Sir James Graham.

Lord Fitzgerald, President of the Board of Control, has left town for Cheltenham.

Lord Brougham is at his seat in Westmoreland.

Viscount Melbourne is at Brocket Hall ; where visiters are expected next week. A report of his having arrived at Coblentz on the Rhine is, therefore, untrue.

Lord and Lady John Russell have left Minto House, in Roxburgh- shire, for Endsleigh House, one of the seats of the Duke of Bedford, in Devonshire.

A labouring man was discovered on Monday evening, between nine and ten o'clock, in the footman's waiting hall at Windsor Castle; lire had been lying for an hour on a bench near a staircase leading t6 the suite of private apartments and the Royal nursery. He was taken before the Earl of Liverpool, Lord Steward of the Household ; to whose interrogatories he replied, that be bad that day walked thirty miles, and come to Windsor Castle for his pension, and that he had followed a pot- boy into the Castle. When he was about to be removed, he made a slight resistance, saying, "I 've now got into good quarters, and here I '11 stay for the night. He was, however, taken to the Stationhouse ; and on Tuesday to London, where he was examined at the Home Office, before Mr. Hall, the Police Magistrate. He proved to be Thomas Quested, a native of Maidstone who has an insane idea that he is "Lord Godolphin d'Arcy "; and had gone simply to ask the Queen to reinstate him in his rights." He has a mad sister ; and medical examination has put his insanity beyond a doubt. On Thursday, he was again examined and was committed to Bethlehem Hospital under the Home Secretary's warrant, there to remain during the pleasure of the Crown.

Eight shillings per quarter duty was paid on Wednesday for a large proportion of the foreign wheat in bond, in anticipation that the fall in the averages would raise the duty after Thursday to 9s. or 10s.

The Morning Chronicle's City Article for Wednesday announced the fulfilment of the anticipation, with a comment- " The duty on foreign wheat has advanced today to 9s. per quarter, and duty at 13s. has been paid to an extent that will yield almost 700,0901. to the public revenue. This immense accumulation, in the first place, of corn in bond, en- hancing the price to the prejudice of the consumer, and then the effect, in the second place, of entering for home consumption so much as 1,000,090 quarters simultaneously on the very nick of harvest, to the great loss of the English farmer, forms a beautiful illustration of the steady trade in corn' which the Premier boasted of as a sure consequence of his modified sliding-scale. It IS not a whit better than the jumping-scale. If there had been no change in the old law, the same accumulation of wheat in bond would have taken place this year, and it would have paid nearly (if not entirely) the same rate of duty."

Louis Philippe received the address of the French Chamber of De puties seated on the throne, at nine o'clock on Thursday evening. Many Deputies of all parties had joined the deputation. The President having read the address, the King replied thus-

" I receive this address with a lively emotion. I find in it the renewed ex- pression of the sentiments with which you surrounded me with so much energy, when, overcoming the grief which pressed on me, I repaired among you to ac- complish a great duty. This duty, gentlemen, we shall accomplish in all its extent; and with the aid of God, France, resting on her institutions, and strong by the perfect accord which unites as one body all the powers of the state, will continue to be every day more secure from the many dangers from which I had the good fortune, in conjunction with you, to preserve tier for the last twelve years."

The cheers of the Deputies having subsided, the King descended from the throne, and mixing with the Deputies, added-

" I am exceedingly affected at seeing the Deputies so numerous around me ; and I again thank them, as a father, as a man, and as a King, for the sentiments they have just expressed. I would wish to thank every member of the Chamber individually. Those acknowledgments would be a consolation for me, if any thing could console me for the loss of such a son."

The Chamber of Deputies decided, on Tuesday, that there should be no debate on the report of the Commission on the Regency Bill. The report makes two changes in the measure : the Chambers are to be

convoked within forty days after the King's death, instead of three months ; and the infant King's guardianship is to be confined to his mother, or in default of his mother, to his grandmother. These changes are generally approved. The Journal des Debate quotes largely from the speeches of Lord Palmerston and Sir Robert Peel on the last night of the session, with a commentary, criticizing both disputants. Lord Palmerston is pronounced one of the most skilful debaters in the House: "he excels in the art of showing things in their best colours, and giving the ap- pearance of success to undoubted Cheeks"— . Under the blow of the disasters of Afghanistan, the prolonged war in China, the disorganization of the Ottoman empire, the change in the relations of Great Britain and America, the French alliance destroyed, and the peace of the world compromized, Lord Palmerston feels sufficient self-assurance to con- gratulate his opponents on the brilliant inheritance bequeathed them by the last Ministry, and to hold up in the most exalted point of view the glorious results of all those enterprises in which England has been blindly thrown by the policy of the Whig Government. He has made a speech full of eloquence and sarcasm : but unfortunately he had to deal with a powerful antagonist, and the vigorous reply of Sir Robert Peel tended to assuage the enthusiasm inspired by the ex- Munster of Foreign Affairs, by the remembrance of his victories and his con-

quests. • * 'We particularly call attention to that part of the speech of Sir Robert Peel where he speaks of the relations of England with France. It is impossible to meet with sentiments more honourable than those which are expressed by the Prime Minister of England; and we cannot help believing that such language, and the testimony of a sympathy so sincere in all that con- cerns the greatness, the happiness, and even the grief of France, must contri- bute powerfully to calm and even extinguish those feelings of national hostility which we grieve to see again raised. We are at a loss to know what reply Lord Palmerston could mike to the powerful apostrophes addressed to him by Sir Robert Peel when he asked him what he had done with the friendship and alliance of France."

The heat in Paris has been excessive : on Tuesday, Fahrenheit's' thermometer stood at 90 degrees. The consequences, says the corre- spondent of the Times, are deplorable-

" Every article comprised in the word fourrage (hay, oats, straw, beans, po- tatoes, &c.) is already so scarce and so extravagantly high in price, as to sug- gest the worst apprehensions for the ensuing winter. It is true that this ex- cessive heat and drought are not absolutely general ; but they prevail to an extent positively fearful. Its effect upon the vegetables used at table is lament- ble ; and this, too, at a time when the total absence of fish and abstinence from butchers-meat (an abstinence recommended by the faculty) render vegetable food almost a necessity. A tolerable cauliflower costs from 15 to 20 sous; a head of cabbage 12 sous ; a bunch of eight or nine turnips, of the shape and size of a pork sausage, 10 sous. A couple of small onions cost Id. Potatoes, which in ordinary years brought from 14 to 18 sous the boisseau, cost 48 to 50 sous now. Milk, butter, and poultry, are rising i rapidly. Even bread, notwith- standing the superb quality of this year's flour, s increasing in price. Nothing, in short, is cheap but fruit. You can have a good melon for a shilling, and fine peaches, the best-flavoured I ever met out of England, for a penny each. The grapes, generally speaking, have not yet readied maturity, but they can- not fail to be fine, abundant, and cheap. These come, however, under the head of luxuries. Food is dear, and will be dearer."

The Augsburg Gazette of the 12th instant publishes a letter from Constantinople, of the 27th July, stating that the manifesto of the Shah of Persia against Turkey left no hope of an amicable arrangement be- tween those two countries. "The Porte considered the war as inevi- table, being determined not to make any concession to the Shah, either as respected the boundary-line or the required indemnity." At one of its last deliberations, the Divan had resolved to appoint as Generalissimo of the army of operations the uncle of the reigning Shah, and brother to the late Abbas Mirza, who lives retired in Asia Minor, and has re- peatedly applied to the European Powers for aid to enable him to re- cover his throne. The object of the Grand Vizier was not only to conquer the Shah, but to dethrone him and substitute in his place the Pretender, who is said to have a powerful party in Persia ; but Izzet had been compelled to abandon that project, in consequence of the Ambassadors of Great Britain and Russia having declared that the reigning dynasty was placed under the protection of their respective Courts, who would oppose the usurpation of the sceptre by another branch of the Royal family. According to advices direct from Con- stantinople of the 27th, the general impression is that there will be no serious rupture, but that the offered mediation of Great Britain and Russia will be effectual.

The Acadia, which left Halifax on the 4th instant, arrived at Liver- pool on Saturday. Among the passengers was Prince Murat, son of the quondam King of Naples, and nephew of Napoleon.

The intelligence from New York comes down to the 1st. The ne- gotiations of Lord Ashburton were still involved in diplomatic obscurity ; but it now seems beyond a doubt that the Commissioners for Maine, Massachusetts, and New Brunswick, had all agreed to certain condi- tions for the settlement of the North-eastern boundary. The present state of the affair is concisely described by Publicus, the correspondent of the Morning Chronicle— "in so grave a matter as this international treaty, I will not even for a moment allude to any conditions that are known merely by rumour or party representa- tion, but confine myself to official information ; and this is only known as y et by what has transpired in the iffadisonian. According to this authority, (that is, the Government authority.) the disputed territory is to be divided into two unequal parts : the largest, and by far the most valuable, to be assigned to Maine, together with considerations connected with the navigation of the St. John's river, (both sides of the lower part of which belong to England,) of the greatest importance to the value of the timber growilt on its branches. Othei arrangements in different parts of the line, hitherto unsettled, have also been made. Nothing more is officially known ; though I am very credibly informed that Rouse's Point, on Lake Champlain, is ceded to the United States. The Madisonian contends that the treaty is honourable and advantageous to the United States ; and it would indeed be a melancholy thing if mere party-spirit- if the holding on with tenacity by an opposition to a cause of dispute that could always be made a point of attack against any party in power—should pre- vent an honourable and enduring arrangement of all difficulties between the United States and Great Britain."

The Colonial Gazette of last Wednesday contains some interesting documents respecting a proposal which has just been made, by Mr. George Rennie, the unseated Member for Ipswich, on behalf of him- self and others, to found a fourth colony in New Zealand under the auspices of the New Zealand Company. The plan is novel and inge- nious. It is to appropriate 100,600 acres of land, (600 for the chief town,) which shall be completely surveyed, and laid out for disposal among the settlers, in allotments and in towns ; that roads and bridges shall be at once formed, with other primary conveniences for a trading community ; and that all this shall be done before the main body of settlers be carried to the spot. The allotments will consist of one quarter-acre of town-land, twenty suburban acres, and eighty rural acres, to be sold for 125/. each allotment. Of the 140,000/. thus raised, 40,0001. will go to reimburse the Company for its expenses and risk, and the re- mainder will be devoted half to emigration and half to public works. "The advantages anticipated from the plan," says the Colonial Gazette, "are obvious and important : it is expected to supersede what have hitherto been the earlier stages of settlement even under the improved system of colonization—those stages in which the strength of the infant colony is wasted in the export of capital from the colony to procure sus- tenance for the settlers, and in land-jobbing, since land will not be pur- chased now for use a year or two hence, but for immediate use; it will therefore come at once into the hands of the ultimate purchaser. The New Zealand Directors have given a general assent to the suggestion of Mr. Rennie, so far as the Company is concerned; but as a preliminary condition to actual proceedings, they require him to obtain the consent of Government. They made no such reservation when it was proposed to them to found their third colony, Nelson ; for they responded by at once making preparations to put the proposal in practice : but their ex- perience in that recent instance has warned them. It is desirable to place the project beyond the reach of Governor Hobson's caprices ; and in order to that, the countenance of the Imperial Government should be distinctly understood." Some place on the East coast of the Middle Island is considered the most suitable site for the new settlement ; and the Colonial Gazette publishes the report of a survey made to Mr. George Duppa and Captain Edward Daniell, in August last, setting forth the great capabilities both of Port Cooper and Lookers-on Bay.