Forrign anh Calnuial.

FRANCE.-It is scarcely less difficult now than last week to tell whether or not the Usurpation has entirely subdued the resisting departments. If the Bonaparte papers may be credited—and it is through them alone that any news from the departments is allowed to become public—the rural dis- tricts have been subdued by the troops as effectually as Paris and the great towns. The insurgent departments of the Lower Alps and the Var, which were the strong-holds of the resistance in the East and South-east, are said to have been attacked by the troops and effectively cleared of all opposers. The disturbed districts of the Centre and the North are said to be so "tranquilized," that the high Commissions given to Messrs. Carlier, Maurice Duval, and Berard, are revoked. Some communes in the Pyren- nean departments are said to hold out alone. Nevertheless, there were on Thursday morning no fewer than thirty-four out of the eighty-six de- partments of France in the state of siege. On the other hand, there have been some proofs of the exaggeration which was last week surmised. Among the reports of the Bonaparte journals, was one that rioters near Macon had pillaged and burnt the Chateau de St. Point, belonging to M. Lamartine, and that be had been obliged to send for troops to protect his residence at Monceaux : M. Lamartine informs the journals that both re- ports were fabulous. Algeria has been placed in a state of siege.

The pretence of a conspiracy by the Majority of the Assembly against the President is now almost dropped; and in lieu, the Constitutionnel has been parading some proofs of a plot by M. Haze the Questor, General Leflo, and one or two others. The evidences prove, on examination, to be no- thing more than formal drafts of orders to carry out the resolutions in de- fence of the Assembly which were openly discussed by the Assembly, and

rejected. But if the papers were evidence of a plot, the Casstituliermef itself declares that they were drawn up without the knowledge of M. Du pin, one of the leaders of the Majority. The Sixth Legion of the National Guerd of Paris was dissolved on Monday; other Legions have also been dissolved; and M. Monty has pub- lished a circular palling on the Prefects of departments to send in a report of all bodies of the National Guard which cannot be trusted, that they may be dissolved. Ile has also stirred up the Prefect of Pans to perse- vering energy in the enforcement of the decree of December 8th, against former convicted persons who have broken their ban, and persons affiliated to secret societies. "The capital must be absolutely cleared of all the impure and dangerous elements upon which the energy of the Govern- ment can be brought to bear. Those agitators who mislead weak men and prepare revolutions must be sent out of Paris, and if need be out of France.' Carrying out the design of the above decree, the Government has got in readiness a regular fleet for transporting the unfortunate people whom the police denounce as agitators of society. The political arrests do not cease for an instant. Yesterday week, three convoys of carriages, contairing in all 600 prisoners who were ar- rested in consequence of the events of last week, successively left the Conciergerie for the fort of Bicttre, where the prisoners were placed in casemates to await their trial by court-martial. There is no certainty even as to who have been liberated, and who are still kept in prison, of the leaders and others arrested on the 2d instant. It was stated last week that M. Roger du Nord was liberated at the same date with 31. Thiers; later accounts contradict this; and the last, again, assert positively his liberation. It seems certain, however, that General Cavaignac was set free on Tuesday. The Government papers say that his liberation was un- conditional; that Louis Napoleon wrote to him expressing regret that his arrest had put him to inconvenience, and stating that it had been only done in consequence of the gravity and peril of circumstances. It is said that the General was married to Mademoiselle Other in the fortress of Ham ; and that he has already departed for Holland, the native country of his wife's mother. No one supposes for an instant that Cavaignac can swerve from his Republican principles, but attention has been called to the fact that M. Odier, the father of his betrothed, is one of those whose names remain on the revised list of the Consultative Commission. 31. Thiers has arrived at Frankfort, towards Berlin ; it is said that he pur- poses coming to England : he was escorted by military to the extreme verge of the French frontier. M. Victor Hugo has arrived safely in Brussels.

There was a report, last week, that one or more of the Orleans Princes had left London for Paris ; but it was immediately contradicted. It was also stated that the Socialist leaders, Louis Blanc and others, had started for Paris ; and that was contradicted. This week it was stated in Paris that M. Persigny had left Paris for Lille, to be ready to anticipate there the expected Prince de Jeinville; and the Gazette of Genoa, an offi- cial journal, has stated that the Duke d'Aumale, travelling under the name of Duke Eugene de Tellanclier, had passed from Naples through Venee tewards Turin. A Frankfurt journal says that 31. Louis Blanc was arrested in Brussels on the 11th, and sent to Ostend to be returned to England.

Most of the Paris journals have reappeared, but not one of them, be- sides the Government organs, is allowed to utter a political criticism. The Wide was again suppressed this week, for a day or two, because it advised the Republicans to go en masse and register themselves as voters, ready for the national suffrage tomorrow. The power of distinct utter- ance being denied, the journals resort to all sorts of minor devices of ty- pography, and of significant collocation, to insinuate their opinions; and a shower of lithographic pasquinades descends every night on the places of public resort. Some of them contain the most caustic writing; others endeavour to prepare the citizens for a calm and enlightened exercise of their votes.

The Usurping Government has dispensed a flood of promotions' orders, and gratuities. We mentioned last week the raising of Generals Ha- nape and Valliant to be Marshals. The promotion of Vaillant, the second in command at Rome, over the head of Oudinot, the first in command there, is said to have very much shocked the army. It is called a piece of personal vengeance on Oudinot, for allowing the Assembly to nominate him to the -command of the army of Paris on the eventful 2d instant. Singular revelations have been made in the discussion. It is said that Valliant, who is the most eminent military engineer in France, and who certainly had the practical direction of the successful siege operations before Rome, held a commission in his pocket to supersede Oudinot, if he should prove too grossly incapable or intractable. General Oudinot has written a letter of energetic anger to the Minister of War on the slight offered to him ; and it is said that he has also written to the Pope. A gratuity of pay to the officers and men employed in Paris on the 4th and 5th instant has been decreed. De- corations of the Legion of Dishonour have been lavished wherever they were thought well deserved, or likely to be of effect. Dr. Veron of the Conatitationnel is made an officer of the Legion. On the other hand, the military officers who showed coldness have been placed on the retired list. General Canrobert, who commanded a division in Paris on the 4th and 5th, has been shelved ; because, as it is said, he criticized the conduct of Louis Napoleon keeping close quarters while the actual fighting was going on. He is reported to have exclaimed—" Ah Monsieur Louis Napoleon, where have you been all this day, who only last week told us that you would say suirez mole" General Chadeysson has been shelved, because he declined a provincial command ; and because, if his example were not punished, it was likely to he followed.

Last week, the President endeavoured to propitiate the Parti Pretre by decreeing that the Pantheon should be restored to the Roman Catholic worship—(Archbishop Sibour is said to have at first refused his consecra. tion, but to have given way since) : this week he cultivates the ouvriers by going to the ateliers in the faubourgs, and ordering gratuities for all who remained at work during the 4th and 5th.

The Corps Diplomatique have all presented themselves at Louis Napo- leon's receptions, with only one exception : Mr. Rives, the American Mi- nister, holds aloof, until he receive instructions from Washington. M. Kisseleff, the Raman Minister, did not postpone his congratulations till the ordinary reception-day, but went at once, and stated that he was sure he would be warranted in stating that the coup d'etat would delight the Czar.

Some amusement, and some foreboding, have been called forth by the following paragraph in the Petrie, showing a revival of the fashion of the Kings of France to sign the marriage-contracts of the people of the court- " President of the Republic signed yesterday the marriage-contract-0s Captain Etienne Conti, of the staff, and Miss Modeste Lloyd, daughter of Sir James Lloyd, of Twickenham. Captain Conti is son of the Receiver-General of Finances in Corsica."

M. de Montalembert has written a letter to the Unioers, advising his friends as to the vote they shall give in the Presidential election. He

has received so great a multitude of letters consulting him on the question, that it would be impossible to answer each; and as he would be "grieved to appear indifferent to the confrdence which twenty yearn' struggles in the cause of the Church and of society have procured for him," he writes to all through the Univers. "I commence by declaring, that the act of December 2 has put to the rout all the revolutionists, all the Socialists, all the bandits of France and Europe; that is, in my mind, a reason more than sufficient for all honed men to rejoice, and for the persons the most annoyed to be resigned. I do not intend lexpressing any opinion as to whether that coup d'etat, which

every one foresaw. could be executed at soother moment and in another manner; for it would be necessary, in order to do so, to go back to the causes which led to it, and to judge persons who cannot at present reply to Tae. Nor do I pretend to guarantee any more the future than to judge the pad. I treat only of the present—that is, of the -rote to be given on the 20th. "There are three courses to be pursued,—a negative vote, _ ardente; 'or an affirmative robe.

"To vote against Louis Napoleon, would be to declare in favour of theSocial- ist revolution, the only thing -which can at present succeed the existing Go-

vernment. It would be to call the dictatorship of the Reds to replace the dictatorship of a prince who has, during the last three years, rendered in- comparable services to the cause of order and of Catholicism. It would be, taking the hypothesis the most favourable and the least probable, to reista- blish the tower of Babel known by the name of the National Assembly, and which, in spite of all the distinguished and honest men which it contained in so great a number, had become split into parties in the midst of peace -and legal order, and which would most certainly be powerless in the formidable crisis which prevails. "To abstain, would be to act against all cam antecedent conduct; to fail in the duty which we have always recommended to be accomplished under the Monarchy as well as under the Republic ; it would be to abdicate the mission of honest men at the very moment when that mission is the most imperative and the most likely to be fruitful. I respect the scruples which suggest to a Crowd of honouratle men the idea of abstention ; but I know

also that great politicians—not very. scrupulous in general, be it remembered —after having brought us to the paint at which we are, after having con-

demned .us to the loss of all our liberties by the abuse which they made of them, at present preach up the doctrine of leaving a vacuum around the Government. • • • • Lotus Napoleon will be in 1852, as in 1848, the elect of the nation. That being the ease, I consider that there is nothing more

imprudent—I will even say, nothing more senseless—than for religious men and the friends of order, in a countrylike ours, to 11* themselves across or

out of the popular will, when that will has nothing in it contrary to the law of God or to the fundamental conditions of society. There are amongst us a number of men, exceedingly respectable in themselves, who appear to have for policy to march against the current of general opinion. When this coun- try was wild for liberty and Parliamentary institutions, they objected to it the absolute right of royalty. At preeent, that it is for the half-hour thirst- ing after silence, calm, and authority', they would willingly impose on it the sovereignty of the tribune and of discussion. In that way, if at any time it should happen to again call for the Monarchy, they would recommend to have the Republic continued.

"There remains, consequently, only the third course—the affirmative vote. But to vote for Louis Napoleon 18 net to a.pprove of all that he has done : it

is to choose between him and the total rum of France; it is not to say that his governmeat is that which we prefer to every other; it is simply to de- clare that we prefer a prince who has given such proofs of resolution and cleverness, to those persons who are now showing their principles of murder and pillage. It is not to confound the Catholic cause with that of a party or of a family ; but to arm the temporal power, the only power at present possible, with the force necessary to put down the army of crime, and defend our churches, our hearths, our wives, against the coveting of those who re- spect nothing, who fire at the good coat, who take aim at the landowner, and whose bullets do not spare our curia ; it is not to sanction in advance the errors or faults which may be committed by a government, fallible like all powers here below ; it is to delegate to the chief whom the nation has once already chosen, the right to prepare a constitution, which certainly will not be more dangerous or more absurd than that with which the 900 representatives elected in 1848 endowed France, and against which I was happy to vote." * * * "If Louis Napoleon were a man unknown, I would un- doubtedly hesitate to confer on him such a force and such a responsibility. But, without entering here into an appreciation of his policy for the last three years, I recall to mind the great religious acts which marked his Go-

vernment as long as the two powers asreed together,—the liberty of instruc- tion guaranteed ; the Pope restored by Frencharms; its councils, synods, and the plenitude of its dignity, given back to the Church ; the number of its colleges, its communities, and works of charity, gradually increased. I seek in vain elsewhere for a system or force able to guarantee to us the preserva- tion and development of such benefits. I see only the gaping gulf of victorious Socialism. My choice is made—I am for authority against revolt, for preservation against destruction, for society against Socialism, for the possible liberty of good against the certain liberty of evil ; and in the great struggle between the two forces which divide the world, I think that in acting so I sin again on the present occasion, as always, for Catholicism against revolution.'

In reference to this letter, a correspondent of the Daily News says- " The Church is in ecstacies. Rome is looking up. Popery, for a few months, will be rampant. The effect of it in Paris is vuable already. Long-winged priests fly about from house to house like hats. The bright atmosphere of Paris has suddenly become dense. The wheels of time seem to be reversed, and we are backing into the middle ages. All this is ominous. The _people are distracted. The old Catholic yoke burns their shoulders. The Protestants howL"

But M. Berryer has written to lifoutalembert, requesting him to state that M. de Falloux has not, as was reported, recommended all Legitimiste to rally to Louis Napoleon ; and Montalembert hes explicitly complied. Another of the most considerable members of the Legitimist party is said to have declared, that the party will make no compromise with "a power established in a revolutionary manner, and condemned to exist by revolu- tionary means which will lead to its speedy ruin." Ms de Falloux has himself given the lie direct to a recent statement by M. Granier Sc Cas- sagnac, that a Legitimist (M. de Falloux) had carried the "promises and conditions" of the party to Louis Napoleon on the eve of the coup Xetrt.

M. Larochejaquelin bas issued an eloquent and dignified protest against o an usurpation which has set up the aihs.iy caprice of an individual in the place of law."

"Long have I desired to raise my voice and call on France to put an end to the succession of adventurers who dishonour her : then might we save France, and those principles without which no nation can be truly great. But my endeavours were misunderstood and thwarted. Since the appeal to the nation, as it is made by M. Bonaparte, is altogether wanting an those conditions and features which alone can insure the honour, freedom, and truth of an appeal to the people, I protest, with all the energy of my con- viction, against that act, and the illegal proceedings by which it is accom- panied. Personal preference and compulsion are Oslo employed to give a peculiar direction to the expression of the national will in a manner which wounds every conscience and must arouse the indignation of every free man. The constitutional prerogatives which M.. Bonaparte, under the hollow pre- text of a delegation, usurps, would hurl us once more into inconceivable con- fusion. The time for Csesars cannot have come for France. Is a defender of the principle of the national sovereignty, I must loudly protest, even if I stand alone, against the present violation of this principle. May my sad forebodings for my native country not be realized. May France see at length that her help lies in her own bands, and that in a republic no one has the right to ei pose of the destinies of the land except according to the free and full expression of the public will."

U. Alexander Thomas, one of the editors of the ,Tournai des Dibate, and of the Bane des Deux 3fonde.s, has addressed the following letter to the Rector of the Academy of Paris.

"Monsieur Is Bedew—The events which have just taken place are of a nature to trouble honest minds, even in the obscurity of the most humble positions. It is impossible for me to guard any longer the chair which I occupy at the Lyoeum of Versailles. The teaching of history is nothing, un- less the professor endeavours to awaken in the mind of his youthful auditors the sentiment of justice and right. Professor of the State at a time when the State no longer defends but an usurpation, falsehood, and violence, I am not suitably placed to speak as becomes a teaching member, of tight and I have therefore to request you Monsieur le Recteur, to be so good as to consider this letter as the official intimation of my resignation, and to transmit it as such to the Minister de facto who at present is at the head of Public Instruction. As I do not recognize in that person tither the legality of the public character or the honour of the private one, I cannot consent to have with him any more direct communication. " Aecept, Sec. ALExasenen Tsiossas, "Doctor in Letters, Professor of History since 1841. " Versailles, Dee. 12, 1851."

It was last week reported that Id do Lamartine has approved of the coup d'etat : this week it is stated, that though dangerously ill, he has written several very strong letters against the coup d'etat and Louis Napoleon.

M. Leon Faucher contradicts a report that he has left Paris, and states that he has no intention to leave it.

The fanatical old Bishop of Chartres has issued a circular, nothing doubting that his clergy and lock, influenced by the love of country which Jesus Christ has given them, will vote for Louis Napoleon. On the other hand, the pious Archbishop of Paris, Monsignor Sibour, bolds aloof.

Dupin, "the poltroon," has aggravated public disgust by retaining his legal office; and he is even suspected of having written a long paper in the Conetitationnel in justification of the coup d'etat.

The Moniteur has contained a vast number of legislative decrees. The Consultative Commission has been reorganized Them are only fifteen of the first list who are not included in the present,—namely, MM. Be- noist-Champy, J. Boulay (de la Meurthe), brother of the Vice-President of the Republic ; Darblay, Gillen, Leon Faucher, Grader, de Goulard, Holy d'Oissel, Mallard, J. Perrier, Paravey, F. Pascal, Periguon, and Suchet d'.Albufera. A local writer says "the new list is scarcely more authentic than its predecessors. Among other names is noted that of M. Other, banker, father of the affianced bride of Cavaignac." M. Beugnot, whose name is again inserted, has had some thousand cards printed with this appendage to his name—" Count Beugnot, qui n'a pas accepte une place dens la Commission Consultative."

An administrative section of the Commission has been selected "to fulfil the duties of the old Council of State. This section consists of twenty-eight members ; among whom are MM. D'Argout, Bineau, Chas- siaign-Goyon, Dabeanx' Delangle, Fremy, Giraud, Janvier, Lacrosse, de Parieu, General Regnault de St. Jean d' Angely, and Vaisse. It will be presided over by M. Baroche, and enter immediately upon its functions. The Minister of Justice has subdivided it into committees corresponding to the several Ministries.

The correspondent of the Times has given the following sketch of the Constitution supposed to be intended by the Usurper. It is said, by the by, that he, M. Baroche, and others, spend many hours each day in form- ing this document.

"A C0111361 of State, to be entirely named by the President of the Re- public. The Senate to be composed of 80 members ; of whom 41 will be named by the President, and 39 by the Councils-General, from a list of can- didates made out by the Executive Power. The Legislative Corps to be named by universal suffrage, but after the following manner: * serutin to take place, at the commune, for the nomination of an elector for each com- mune; and the communal electors thus chosen by universal suffrage, and amounting to 36,000 in number, to finally name SOO representatives. From that list of 500 members, the President of the Republic to select 250 repre- sentatives wherewith to form the Legislative Corps. The President of the Republic to be elected for ten years with the title of Regent of the Republic; to be responsible, but not to be subjected to impeachments directly the Ise gislative Corps the people alone to have the power of expressing its opi- nion on the Executive P .ser, by naming, three times consecutively, a Le- gislative Corps, whose refusal of the But . ,hall be considered as the con- demnation of the policy of the Regent; esi the result of such condemnation to be the retirement of the Regent from veneer. The press to be free, but not to be allowed to call in question matters relating to religion, the rights of property, and the organization of society, as established and recognized by the law of ihe land. Each session of the Chamber to be for six months at the utmost. Clauses of a leas general kind may be appended for the aboli- tion of the most unpopular of the imposts, viz. the octroi duties and the tax on spirituous liquors."

It has been rumoured that the Police department is to be made a 31i- Mstry, with U. Carlier at its head. M. de Moray has celled together and addressed a conference of the directors of the chief railways, and stimulated their enterprise by stating that the President of the Republic will gladly see their gains doubled. The Government has decreed that a circular railway shall be made round Paris, to unite all the various termini of the great lines.

A credit of 2,700,000 francs for pensions to old soldiers has been opened; another credit of 2,100,000 francs for acquiring and demolishing the houses between the Louvre and the Tuileries.

The Minister of the Interior has addressed a circular to the Prefects, with a view to the cessation of all work upon Sundays and festivals of the Catholic Church, in so far as such a measure can be imposed by the authorities without interference with the rights of the citizens.

A decree appears appointing in each arrondissement a Board of Health, for the purification of insalubrious habitations ; consisting of nine mem- bers, and presided by the Mayor of the Arrondissement.

PIEDMONT.—It has been stated in a Frankfort paper, and the report ia corroborated by Turin letters, that the Austrian Government has made a formal requisition that an Austrian garrison be admitted into the fortress of Alexandria, as safeguard against possible contingencies arising out of the coup d'etat in Paris. But the report is discredited. A concurrent report stated, that immediately on the arrival of the French news, the Sardinian Government powerfully strengthened the garrison within and the army around this key of the Sardinian military system.

GERMANY.—The Earl of Westmoreland was received by the Emperor of Austria on the 13th instant, and presented his credentials as Ambas- sador. The delay of this ceremony is explained away by a correspondent of the Globe- " It is not true that the Emperor refused to receive the Earl. What really occurred was this : the Earl having proposed a day for presenting himself to the Emperor, the Prince de Schwartzenberg waited upon him and said that the Emperor would receive him politely, but the Prince feared not cordially, milesshis visit could be postponed until some satisfactory explana- tion should have arrived from London respecting the observations made by Lord Palmerston in his reply to a deputation from Islington. The Prince said he had reason to hope the next despatches from London yould remove all unpleasantness from the relations between the two Governments, and he left it to the Earl to decide whether it would not be prudent to p ,stpone his visit to the Emperor. This suggestion, which was made in the most friendly spirit, was immediately acted upon by the Earl of Westmoreland."

Letters from Berlin, of the 17th instant, communicate the arrival of a special mission from Louis Napoleon to the Court ; and add, "that a state paper is in preparation at the Elysee Bourbon, to be communicated to all the Courts of Europe, explaining the necessity of the coup d'etat, abjuring all pretensions to an imperial throne, and giving assurances of a desire in the President to preserve peace with all nations."

INDIA.—The overland mail from Bombay of the 17th November brings the news that the Nizam has paid the whole of the debt due to the Bri- tish Government. Whether he did it from his own private treasury, or by money borrowed from the chiefs of the Arab mercenaries who subsist on his state, is quite unknown. Government journals seem disappointed that he has secured political independence of the British, by, probably, deepening his pecuniary dependence on the Arabs. Our Queen's ship Fox has been ordered to Rangoon, "to demand satisfaction for injuries done to Englishmen."

UNITED STA'rES.—Congress reassembled at Washington on the 1st in- stant, and the President delivered his message on the 2d. The message is of even more than American diffuseness and variety of topic. It occu- pies seven columns of our daily newspapers, and treats on about eight-and- twenty principal subjects. The leading portions are those concerning foreign relations—as influenced by the invasion of Cuba, the visit of Kossuth, the state of trade between the Northern States of the Union and the British Colonial Provinces.

The invasion of Cuba is characterized by President Fillmore as a palpable violation of the laws of the United States : but the explanation is not omitted, that it was both organized and led by foreigners, who had again, for the second time, "abused the hospitality of the United States" ; and it is added, that "the citizens of the Union engaged in the expedition were generally young and ill-informed" persons, who seemed to have imagined "that a slight insurrectionary movement in Cuba was in feet a well-concerted movement to throw off the authority of the mother-country." "The offenders have forfeited the protection of their country" ; "but the Government may yet, so far as is consistent with its obligations to other countries and its fixed purpose to maintain and enforce the laws, entertain sympathy for their un- offending families and friends, as well as a feeling of compassion for them- selves : accordingly no proper effort has been spared, and none will be spared, to procure the release of such citizens of the United States as are now in con- finement in Spain." "But it is to be hoped," Mr. Fillmore concludes, "that such interposition with the Government of Lhat country may not be con- sidered as affording any ground of expectation that the Government of the United States will hereafter feel itself under any obligation of duty to intercede for the liberation or pardon of such persons as are flagrant offenders against the law of nations and the laws of the United States. These laws must be executed. If we desire to maintain our respectability among the nations of the earth, it behoves us to enforce steadily and sternly the neutrality acts passed by Congress, and to follow, as far as may be, the violation of those acts with condign punishment" In further reference to Cuba, the President announces, that "the Govern- ments of Great Britain and France have issued orders to their naval com- manders on the West India station to prevent by force, if necessary, the landing of adventurers from any nation on the island of Cuba with hostile intent." Documents are laid before Congress which will acquaint them with "the grounds of this interposition of the two leading cornmercill powers," and also with the apprehensions which the Government of the United SULU* have felt and expressed, "that such an interposition, if carried into effect, might lead to abuses in derogation of the maritime rights of the United States." President Fillmore takes occasion to negative the "right of search," with all the original emphasis of American diplomacy, lie says—" The principle which this Government has heretofore solemnly announced, it still adheres to, and will maintain under all oircumstances and stall hazards. That principle that in every regularly-documented merchant-vessel, the crew who navigate it, and those on board of it, will find their protection in the flag which is over them. No American ship can be allowed to be visited or searched for the purpose of ascertaining the character of individuals on board; nor can there be allowed any watch by the vessels of any foreign nation over Ame- rican vessels on the coasts of the United States, or the seas adjacent there- to." The British Government has offered assurances that "in executing the preventive measure against the expeditions," "no interference shall take place with the lawful commerce of any nation" ; the French Government as offered assurances that its naval officers have been "expressly instructed" in any operations "to respect the flag of the United States wherever it 111111y

appear, and to commit no act of hostility upon any vessel or armament un- der its protection." The references' to "Louis Kossuth," to "Governor Kossuth," and "Gene- ral Kossuth," are dry and curt, as if the topic were not altogether congenial : they conclude by stating, that the visitor will be on the American shore immediately ; when Congress can "consider in what manner General Kossuth shall be received and treated."

In reference to the British Colonies, President Fillmore again invites the attention of Congress on the subject of "reciprocal trade between them and the United States."

Among the home subjects, that of the finances is one of the most interest- ing. The aggregate receipts for the last fiscal year were 52,312,979 dollars; the total expenditures were 48,005,878 dollars. In addition to the surplus of this year, there was a balance from the preceding year of more than six millions and a half of dollars. It is expected that the surplus will continue to increase each year, after allowing for all extraordinary expenditures that will arise, so that on the 30th June 1853 it will amount to 20,366,443 dol- lars. The whole public debt on the 20th of November last was but 62,560,395 dollars.

Having thus shown the state of finances, the President gives his message a slight flavour of the Protectionist principles of trade, to which he adheres. He states, that although the exports have increased by 43,646,322 dollars, yet the whole of that increase was caused by the high price of cotton which prevailed during the first half of last year ; and he points to the fact that the agricultural exports of the Union have decreased in the last three years,—a fact contradicting the expectation of the advocates of a low tariff on manu- factured imports. In the midst of his figures, he states that the exports of specie during the past year have been 29,231,880 dollars, while the imports have been but 4,967,901 dollars.

The " settlement " of the "territorial and slavery" questions which was made by the Compromise Bill is declared to be approved of by experience. The establishment of an agricultural bureau, recommended in the last message, is again urged. "An agricultural bureau, charged with the duty of correcting and diaseminating correct information as to the best modes of cultivation, and of the most effectual means of preserving and restoring the fertility of the soil, and of procuring and distributing seeds and plants, and other vegetable productions, with instructions in regard to the soil, climate, and treatment best adapted to their growth, could not fail to be, in the lan- guage of Washington, in his last annual message to Congress, a very cheap instrument of immense national benefit.'"

President Fillmore, as a lawyer, is conscious that the public statutes of the United States, which have now been accumulating for more than sixty years, and are scattered through numerous volumes, have become costly and inaccessible to the mass of the people ; and he confesses that they exhibit much of the incongruity and imperfection of hasty legislation. "It seems also to be conceded that there is now ' common-law ' of the United States to supply the defects of their legislation." "The whole criminal code is now -lamentably defective. Some offences are imperfectly described, and others are entirely omitted ; so that flagrant crimes may be committed with impunity. The scale of punishment is not in all eases graduated according to the degree and nature of the offence, and is often rendered more unequal by the different modes of imprisonment, or penitentiary confinement in the different States. Many laws of a permanent character have been introduced into appropriation bills, and it is often difficult to determine whether the particular clause expires with the temporary act of which it is a part or con- tinues in force. It has also frequently happened that enactments and pro- visions of law have been introduced into bills, with the title or general sub- ject of which they have little or no connexion or relation. In this mode of legislation, so many enactments have been heaped upon each other, and often with but little consideration, that, in many instances, it is difficult to search out and determine what is the law. The government of the United States is emphatically a government of written laws. The statutes should, therefore, as far as practicable, not only be made accessible to all, but be expressed in language so plain and simple as to be understood by all, and arranged in such method as to give perspicuity to every subject. Many of the States have re- vised their public acts with great and manifest benefit ; and I recommend that provision be made by law for the appointment of a commission to revise the public statutes of the United States, arranging them in order, supplying deficiencies, correcting incongruities, simplifying their language, and report- ing them to Congress for its action."

The Atlantic steam-ship, which left New York on the afternoon of the 6th instant, brings word of the arrival of Kossuth at Staten Island on the morning of the 5th, and of his "triumphant reception" by the people and the public authorities of the island. The New York Herald prints Ins "first speech," his "second speech," and so on to his "fifth speech," of reply to the various deputations which poured in upon him on board the ship and at his lodgings on Staten Island. The reception seems to have been of a tone which much inspirited Kossuth. He spoke with the same mastery of expression, and ready reference to passing circumstances, which were so remarkable in England.

The Atlantic was delayed some hours, that she might receive on board despatches from Mr. Webster to Lord Palmerston, calling peremptorily for explanation of the act of our Queen's ship Express in firing over the American steam-ship Prometheus in the harbour of Greytovv-n, the capital of.Mosquitia, and compelling her to return to her anchorage and pay cer- tain has hour-dues demanded by the port authorities. The case is likely to be embarrassing : it will involve a settlement of all the vague and in- definite relations of Mosquitia to the small independent states of Central America, before and since their dependence on the crown of Spain.