3iliorrIlaurottg.

The weekly Cabinet Council was held at the Foreign Office on Mon, day, and sat two hours and a half. The Council was attended by Lord Palmerston, the Lord Chancellor, Earl Granville, the Earl of Clarendon, Lord Panmure, the Chancellor of the Exchequer, Sir Charles Wood, Mr. Vernon Smith, Lord Canning, and the Earl of learrowby.

Mr. Pressly, one of the Commissioners of Inland Revenue, has been appointed Deputy Chairman of the Board, in the place of Mr. Thornton, resigned. Mr. Henry Roberts, formerly ITnder-Secretary for War, suc- ceeds Mr. Presaly as Commissioner.

For more than a quarter of a century of zealous service and profes- sional sacrifice, Dr. Southwood Smith has at length been rewarded with the privilege of beginning the world again. The end of his unfailing success in promoting sanitary reform—not only by promulgating the scientific truths respecting it, but by personal labour—is to find himself obliged to recommence his career as a practising physician. Doubtless Dr. Smith has not opened his consulting-rooms for private practice in vain; but it is a bitter discouragement to those who devote their talents and their energies to the best interests of the public, to find that, while drones of family and influence burden the pension-list, men of action and skill, without "connexions," can expect no better fate than that which we are now recording of the foremost sanitary reformer of the time.—Daily News, October;19.

The brilliant defence of Ears brings again to mind the fact that toe' garrison were led and sustained by Englishmen. The name of Genenif Williams is well known ' - but the names of his staff may have slipped from the memory of our readers. " His Aide-de-camp," the .Daily News reminds us, " 2$ Captain Teesdale. He has also been most ably sup- ported by Colonel Lake, of the Madras Engineers, and Captain Thompson, of the Sixty-eighth Bengal Native Infantry. All three are young m Captain Thompson was severely wounded in the arm in the Burmes war, and returned home upon sick leave. But his eagerness to serve country induced him to volunteer for the East before his wound w entirely cured. He has gone through the arduous defence of Kars wi his arm in a sling. This is the true .metal of which British soldi are made. The privations suffered by the garrison of Kars have great ; our gallant countrymen learned to regard horse-flesh and c flesh as i dainty fare.' They speak in the highest terms of the q of the Tiii:kisTh soldier when rightly officered. The Mnchir and General Williams are on the beat terms.. As for the Pashas they have the good sense to keep quiet in their tents, smoking, and declaring that their trust is in God and the English officers." The Morning Post correspondent in the Crimea adds one more to the many anecdotes showing the interest that Queen Victoria takes in the Army. Visiting a wounded friend, the correspondent found him sitting up on his camp-stretcher for the first. time. He exhibited, with no or- dinary pride, the .sling in which his fractured arm was suspended. In the sling itself there was nothing very remarkable—a plain black riband and some plain chamois leather—" but a sling made by his Sovereign is not a thing lightly to be prized by a British soldier. Twelve of these useful articles, made by her Majesty, and sent out for the use of her wounded officers, have been distributed."

As the name of General Mouravieff is likely to be much more fre- quently before the public than has hitherto been the case, it may not be out 'of place to repeat an anecdote which is told of "that first of Russian tacticians" by M. Genet de Kultnre, who was formerly secretary to

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Prince Pe:Mott Some years since, after having distinguished himself greatly in the Caucasus Mouravieff returned to St. Petersburg. The late Czar, who had heard the General highly spoken of, one day said to him "As you play the professor in the Caucasus, I must judge for myself whether your pretensions are well founded. Take the command of a corps, and minceuvre against another which shall act under my direc- tions. Do your best ; for I do not intend to spare you." , The ma- noeuvres had hardly commenced when the. Emperor lost sight of the corps opposed to him. Some hours passed, and, as no Mouravieff appeared, the Imperial force retired towards the Neva ; but, un- fortunately for the military reputation of the Sovereign, the corps of his adversary was concealed behind some high ground- close to the spot to which he had withdrawn. Mouravieff suddenly appeared, pushed forward a column which separated the Czar from the body of his corps, and eventually managed to get the latter between his artillery and the river. On seeing this, General Yermaloff, who officiated as juge de camp, galloped up to Mouravieffi and thus addressed him—" I congratulate you, mon cher, on a victory which will prove to be a defeat." The sequel showed that Yermaloff knew his master. Mouravieff was under a cloud, and nothing more was heard of him until very recently, when he reappeared on the scene as Commander-in-chief of the separate corps in the Cau- casus.— Vienna Correspondent of the Times.

The manifesto of Kossuth, Ledru-Rollin, and Mazzini, has called for a counter-statement from M. Louis Blanc, designed to show that the three gentlemen do not speak for the Republican party at large. M. Louis Blanc points out the indiscretion of exposing the differences of the Republican party to the enemy; the inconsistency of refusing a free dis- cussion', upon which depends the freedom of thought which lends to action all its worth ; and the impolicy of creating a vain alarm by violent but bootless diatribes. He observes, that unless the Republican party can unite and settle its differences by discussion, it cannot act as "an army" governed by moral and intellectual purpose ; but that any one section obtaining power would perhaps conscientiously feel bound to enforce its principles as tyrannically as the very despots the Republicans seek to displace. Such is the purport of a paper written with the force and polish of M. Louis Blanc's pen. The Republican form of government, lie says, is not the true object, but the elevation of the multitudes whom excess of poverty degrades; an enterprise demanding study deep and long.

Many of our readers will be glad to hear that the Senate of the London University has received a communication from Sir George Grey, inti- mating that, in the opinion of the Government, the Senate ought to con- cede the points upon which they have so long opposed the Graduates, and that that body ought now to be admitted to the University with the pri- vileges of Convocation and the right to nominate members of the Senate.

The Decimal system of coinage has not been forgotten by its friends from many countries gathered in Paris. A meeting of the International Association for bringing about a uniform system of coins, weights, and measures, assembled on Wednesday at the Exposition Palace. In the absence of Baron de Rothschild, the President, the chair was taken by M. d'Avila, formerly Minister of Finance in Portugal; and by his side were Mr. J. Yates from England, Mr. Field from the United States, M. Ramon de la Sagra from Spain, M. Pacheco from Mexico, Vice-Presidents; and MM. Hippolyte Peut and Vattemare, Secretaries. It was resolved, "1. That it will be of the highest possible importance to encourage the pub- lication in French of a work, giving in a clear and couciae form, the history and a comparative table of the different systems of coins, weights, and mea- sures, in the prinoipal countries of the world, to be afterwards translated and printed by the committees into the languages of all the countries repre- sented in the association. 2. That for this object, and to secure the perfect cor- rectness of the work, the different committees composing the Association, are requested beforehand to furnish all the information in their power relative to the coins, weights, and measures of the country to which they belong, with the calculation of them on the metrical system as a term of general comparison." Each Committee is to do its utmost to prepare the way, by enlighten- ing the public, for an official International Congress on the subject. It was also resolved, that " a permanent International Committee shall be immediately constituted in Paris, to be composed as much as possible of members belonging to each of the countries represented in the Associa- tn."

In a letter to the Timm, Colonel Jebb states the progress of the ticket- of-leave system, in order to correct misapprehension and lead to more just and favourable views. The liberation of prisoners is not a novelty. In 1843 to 1847, no fewer than 3460 criminals were released under com- mutation of sentence of transportation. The ordinary minimum of trans- portation was seven years ; the new act fixes the minimum at four years. Between the 8th October 1853 and the present date, 3629 criminals have been released on licence, leaving 2000 of the original number to be re- leased when they become eligible. About 96 licences or 21 per cent have been revoked; 97 criminals have been reconvicted. As many as 699 re- leased convicts have applied for the balance of the gratuities, half of which is paid to them on release. Respecting 686 of this number, satis- factory accounts have been received, chiefly from clergymen and meals- trates. Of 240, who have not applied for their balances, the larger part have not been discharged for the regulated period. As the recommittal of original prisoners is about 30 or 40 per cent, the corrective discipline to industrial training in the convict system appears to be attended with marked success. Colonel Jebb also informs the Tunes, that " the Secre- tary of State has determined that, as a general rule, every convict shall serve out the whole period of' his sentence of penal servitude."

Mr. George S. Jenkinson, a Gloucestershire gentleman now in Paris, forwards to the Times an interesting story illustrative of the ticket-of- leave system. " Thomas Paling, now in custody for the Cudham murder, having a ticket-of-leave, was harboured as a lodger by another ticket-of-leave convict, named Mark Wheeler, who owned, before his conviction as a felon, and still owns, a freehold cottage and garden, by the roadside, just outside my park, close to Whitfield village, in Gloucestershire. Mark Wheeler was, about four years ago, convicted and sentenced to seven years' transportation for some robbery. He was sent to the Hulks, nud there made the acquaintance of Mr. Paling. They each obtained a ticket-of-leave as reformed characters.' Mark Wheeler returned to his freehold property at Whitfield, (considerately left in his possession by the authorities,) with his intellects sharpened and his acquaintance enlarged by his sejour at the hulks. His local knowledge en- abled him, while living in his own house in an apparently innocent manner, to plan various depredations. He then invites his hulk friend to come down and lodge with him. Mr. Paling comes; and the quality of the lodger became the talk of the neighbourhood, as it soon became known what he was. But who had any right to interfere ? Had not Mark Wheeler a perfect right to invite any one he pleased to his own house ? Of course he had. Very shortly Mr. Paling went up to London' to 'receive some money from an old aunt.' The Cudham murder was perpetrated, and Mark Wheeler's lodger returned to his friend's house at Whitfield. A few nights previously to Mr. Paling's trip to London, the church and the bank at Thornbury—a town two miles from Wheeler's cottage—were attempted, and also the house of Mr. Bennett (only a few hundred yards from Wheelers cottage) was broken into and robbed. Mark Wheeler and his lodger were a good deal talked about by all of us • but what could be done ? Presently we heard that Wheeler's lodger was us; for the Cudham murder; and various circumstances pointed to him also as the perpetrator of the robbery at Mr. Bennett's. But his host—Mark Wheeler—the reformed character, with his ticket-of-leave! ; what had ho done ? He could not be responsible for the eviLdeede of his lodger. Oh no, not he ! 'But can't the Magistrates interfere ? ' said I. No; what proof is there against Wheeler ? True, he was arrested, and remanded week after week by one of the Magistrates at Thornbury ; who told me, the other day, that he had written about him more than once to Sir George Grey, but that he could not get any answer,' which, by the way, surprised him much more than it did me."

If Mr. George Combe of Edinburgh is now or has lately been in Switz- erland, we should be inclined to ascribe to his pen the following pleasant picture of military and social training in that country ; extracted from one of a series of "Letters from the Continent," which the Scotsman has.been publishing. " We left Ziirich on the 20th August by the steam-boat for Richterswyl, and found scarcely standing-room on the deck. It was delicious weather, and our companions were the common school children of Zurich come forth to enjoy a holiday. Their teachers and many of their parents ac- companied them, with a stand of colours and a band of musicians. Their countenances beamed with joy, and their voices sent forth merry shouts of laughter. They were clean and well dressed ; most of them fair in complexion, and with a large infusion of the lymphatic in their temperament. They landed at a village four miles up the Lake; and intended, after enjoy- ing a day of feasting and dancing, to return in the evening. The elder boys were differently employed. The Swiss train their schoolboys in gymnastic and military exercises, the latter carried the length of marching, mancouver- iug, and rifle-shooting. They are supplied with rifles adapted in size and weight to the ages of the boys, ranging from ten to sixteen. I saw a body of them marching from drill, preceded by two pioneers with area, and two drummers—all schoolboys, and commanded by the junior teachers. This is the Zurich day of their annual competition for prizes for rifle-shoot- ing; and already we heard the sharp ringing of their shots at a abort distance from the town, as we were gliding along the lake. There is a large muster of parents and spectators at this competition, and we heard it spoken of as an important public festival. I was assured that in case of a struggle for independence, Switzerland could bring into the field 250,000 trained soldiers, most of them deadly marksmen with the rifle • and it is by this means that she prepares her male population from childhood to regard themselves as the only sure defenders of their country's freedom. This schoolboy training is subsequently. completed by embodiment in the militia. Under such circumstances, it is not surprising that Switzerland should supply soldiers for foreign governments ; for those of her sons in whom the military dispositions are strong have them excited and trained from boyhood ; and as there is rarely a call for the exercise of their prowess

i at home, they naturally seek a field in other lands."

Sir lames Graham is on a visit to the Earl of Aberdeen, at Haddo House, in Aberdeenshire.

The Emperor of Russia has nominated Major-General Todtleben to be one of his Aides-de-camp General. Military merit is sure of its reward in Russia.

The Duchess of Genoa has caused her late husband's library—principally consisting of military works—to be put in order preparatory to opening it to the public.

The King of Prussia is causing the castle of Hohenzollern, the cradle of his family, to be magnificently restored and decorated. The castle is situated at the summit of a high mountain in the district of Hechingen. In ad- dition to a royal residence, it is to serve as a sort of fortress, and accommo- dation is to be provided in it for an entire battalion.

Baron Marochetti has presented to the Sardinian Government a model, on a small scale, of the monument to be erected to the memory of the late King Charles Albert. The Monarch is on horseback, sword in hand, in the atti- tude of a man who appeals to it as the only means of emancipating Italy from foreign rule. Around the pedestal are seated four allegorical figures.

We have heard a story of Major-General Windham which tells of the same

characteristic promptitude and presence of mind exhibited let in a mo-

ed ment of danger, the display of which at the storming of the has sh

BO much and such widely-spread renown upon his name. Some years ago, a lady of Bristol and her sister were crossing the Irish Channel in one of the Irish packets. They were seated together close to the bulwarks of the vessel, absorbed in conversation, when, suddenly, a gentleman, a fellow passenger, but an entire stranger to them, rushed across to them, caught them one El each arm, and whirled them off to some distance from the spot where they had been sitting. Scarce had they recovered their surprise, and their indignation, aroused at such rough and unaccountable behaviour, when another vessel came into collision with their steamer, breaking in her bul- warks at the very place where they had been seated, even while the stranger was tendering his apologies for the rude and abrupt manner in which be had been compelled to save them from such imminent danger. That gentleman was General Windham, the far-famed hero of the Redan.—Bristol Times.

Prelaz, a Swiss gunsmith, living at Vevey, has invented a new rifle car- bine. On the 7th October, in the presence of Baron De Krudener, the Rus- sian Minister, he made an experiment on the plain of Villeneuve, and struck a target, ten feet in height, eleven out of twelve times at a distance of 1350 yards. The Russian Minister was pleased with the result, and returned to Vevey the same evening with the inventor. The Federal Commissioners had spoken slightingly of the invention.

Sligo has recently received a commercial boon of some importance—Messrs. Powill and Sons, of London, have opened an establishment for the curing of meat on a large scale. Already seventy oxen a day are slaughtered, and the number will soon be increased to a hundred.

London assurance-offices are warned how they grant life-policies at the instance of Prussian Jews. Three brothers, Jews, have just been convicted at Berlin of fraudulently insuring two lives in English offices, having stated the persons insured to be twenty years younger than they really were. Hitherto the births of the Jews have not been registered in Prussia ; false documents, by the collusion of bribed officials, are sent to England, and the offices think these official papers must be correct.

The indirect taxes of France produced in the first nine months of this year 699,789,000 francs—an augmentation of 81,055,000 franca over the same period of 1854 ; but 12,268,000 francs of this arose from new taxes.

The revenue receipts of the Austrian empire for the first six months of this year were 123,802,815 florins; they were less in 1854, and only 115,016,001 florins in 1853, for the same period.

Advices from California assert that the produce of gold there is greater than ever in proportion to the number of diggers, whose ranks are not con- tinually swelled now by new arrivals as in former times.

A report that good gold-diggings had been found at Colville in Oregon is now confirmed : they are likely to be very productive.

A decree has appeared in the Paris dfoniteur fixing the price of butcher's meat for the remainder of this month.

There are very unfavourable reports of the vintage of Xeres : the grapes are few, and these are greatly perilled by continued wet weather.

The marsh country round Rome has suffered greatly from storms and in- undations: in some places the vintage, the last hope of the cultivators, was destroyed by hail.

The bad accounts of the grain crops in the Northern provinces :of Russia are fully confirmed.

The vintage is now proceeding throughout France, and the appreciations . of the crop are still most contradictory. At Narbonne it is estimated at one- third of an ordinary year, at Bordeaux at one-fourth, in the Gard at two- thirds, and in Roussillon the quantity of wine will be barely sufficient for local consumption. The oidium did not prevail so generally as last year, and the frosts in spring are the sole cause of the scarcity.

India was in danger of famine from want of rain ; but at the last accounts there had been a welcome fall, and it is hoped that at the worst there will only be a scarcity, and not an absolute dearth of food.

An agricultural show has been held in a large field at Munich, near the statue of Bavaria ; the King attended ; prizes were awarded for the finest oxen and sheep ; there were horse-races and two monster concerts.

The Nile has not risen to the accustomed height this season, and next year's crops will consequently be short.

A failure to deposit the electric cable between Sardinia and Africa has arisen from the great depth of part of the sea-bed, the bad weather, and the weight of the cable. Mr. Brett was obliged to order it to be cut ; but buoys were attached to the portion left in the sea.

The influential sect of the Parsecs at Bombay are stirring to effect an alteration of their laws and institutions, to put themselves more in harmony with the present state of things : the priests are opposed to the change.

Mr. Sheriff Arkley has decided, in his court at Edinburgh, that railway companies are not entitled to charge travellers by "Parliamentary trains" for fractions of a mile—if the distance is five miles and a half they must charge only fivepence.

Result of the Registrar-General's return of mortality in the Metropolis for he week ending on Saturday last. Ten Week. Week of 1813-'34. of 1845.

Zymotic Diseases 314.1 .... 223 Dropsy, Cancer, and other diseases of uncertain or variable seat . 45.4

Tubercular Diseases 163.2 157

Diseases of the Brain, Spinal Marrow, xerces, and Senses

99.7

Diseases of the Heart and Blood-vessels 36.1

Diseases of the Lungs, and of the other Organs of Respiration... . 114.6 .... 110 Diseases of the Stomach, Liver, and other Organs of Digestion 61.2

Diseases of the Kidneys, Sc 13.9

Childbirth, diseases of the Uterus, Ble 8.7

Rheumatism, diseases of the Bones, Joints, Sc 6.5

Diseases of the Skin, Cellular Tissue, Sc. 1.3

Malformations 3.5

Premature Sixth 23.5

Atrophy 28.8

Age 37.1

Sudden 6.0

Violence, Privation, Cold, and Intemperance

24.5

Total (including unspecified causes)

953.0 870

After a temporary decline in severity, the cholera has increased in Ma- drid ; it has carried off Senor Sagasti, the Civil Governor.

Two of the Windsor Magistrates—the present and the late Mayor—have appeared in the Times, defending their decision in regard to the assault committed by Lord Vane Tempest upon Mr. Nash, the lessee of the Windsor Theatre. They contend that some of the statements in his letter to the Times are wholly false,—.as, for instance, that the Magistrates advised him to make up matters, and that there was a difficulty in getting a summons. They say that Mr. Nash's " inflated and exaggerated" evidence was con- tradsoted in some important particulars by his own witnesses; and that, on a calm consideration of the whole of the evidence, given before them, they were convinced that they would not have been justified in sending the case to a higher tribunal. A noted brigand, called Lazzarini, with a band of ten followers, holds the environs of Ferrara in terrified subjection. Rewards are offered for the cap- ture or destruction of the robbers : the leader's head is valued at 3000 crowns Two Indian atrocities are reported from the United States. Of 300 emi- grants who were travelling through Oregon, 150 were butchered, and the stores of the caravan were stolen ; the survivors reached Salt Lake City in a famishing state. Seventy Whites have been murdered near Fort Colville, CRYSTAL PALACE.—Return of admissions for six days ending Friday October 19th, including season-ticket-holders, 21,556.