22 JULY 1899, Page 16

FOUNTAINS AND SPRINGS.

[TO THE EDITOR OF THE 'SPECTATOR.]

SIR.—Your interesting article on this subject in the Spectator of July 15th suggests the question : How are the bidden cisterns of the springs being "sucked dry "? May not their gradual exhaustion be accounted for by two main causes,— (1) the drainage, perhaps over-drainage, of agricultural land; and (2) the reservoir storage for large towns of water which otherwise would help to replenish springs and streams. In many places the waters of what are regarded as "natural lakes" show unmistakable signs of subsidence; and ob- servers of reservoirs such as those for Liverpool at Riiing-

ton and Vyrnwy, and those for Manchester at Thirlmere and elsewhere, cannot, I think, have failed to ask mentally : "What effect has this storage of water on the springs and rivers of the adjacent country ? "—I am, Sir, &c.,

Huyton, Liverpool, July 17th. E. RIDGWAY.