The third volume of the new edition—partly rewritten and com-
pletely revised—of Dr. John Mackintosh's History of Civilisation in Scotland (Alex. Gardner) covers a series of most interesting periods, the union of the Crowns, the Covenanting struggle, the Cromwellian period, the conflict from the Restoration to the Revolution, the legislative union, and the risings of 1715 and 1745. Dr. Mackin- tosh has not anything specially new to say, but he tells the old story in a very readable, if occasionally matter of-fact, way. He is at his beet in his chapters dealing with the social condition and progress of Scotland. The volume concludes with a chapter giving an outline of European philosophy in the seventeenth century and the early part of the eighteenth. It is elaborate and lucid if not remarkably profound. But it is not specially Scotch in its bearing, unless, indeed, we take it that Dr. Mackintosh, like so many Scotchmen, regards the world as an annexe of his country.
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