list. He speaks several times of the parasitic virtues, which

are these: "Sterile self-sacrifice, arbitrary chastity, blind submission, penitence, fanatic renouncement [is there any difference except in pronouncement between that and renunciation ?], and false shame." We cannot help thinking, so far as penitence is con- cerned, that the author is making a "parasitic virtue" of necessity. Few people try to repent, but only base natures can avoid it We cannot resist quoting a few typical aphorisms :— " If the soul grow wiser towards evening, the sorrow will grow wiser too that the soul had fashioned for itself in the morning." "As we become wiser we escape from some of our instinctive destinies." "What is charity or love but justice with naught to do but count its jewels ? "

Scenes in the Thirty _Days' War. By Henry W. Nevinson. (J. M. Dent and Co.)—Mr. Nevinson is distinctly Phil-Hellenu, and though he does not give a substantially different picture of the behaviour of the Greeks from that commonly given, protests against some of the charges brought against them. Of the superior officers, Smolenski excepted, he has no good to say, but he will not allow that the men were wanting in courage. No one would wish to argue on the other side, yet there is testimony not easily disposed of. "Under like conditions panic has seized both English and French." That is true ; but the scenes in the rail- way-station, when fugitive soldiers shot down comrades who might have competed for the chances of escape, were something beyond the ordinary panics of military history. Mr. Nevinson seems a little embarrassed between his political opinions, the opinions of the well-known newspaper for which he wrote, and his actual experience. Social equality is theoretically good, but it was not good for the Greek army. The officer, "having no prestige of birth or wealth to fall back upon, will find his autho- rity slip away like water from his hands the moment that the pressure of crisis comes," a statement, by the way, not exactly confirmed by the history of Napoleon's armies. Then he tells a story of how he heard a young shopkeeper harangue his fellow-travellers on the incapacity of the Generals, and de- dare : "If only I were appointed General, within a fortnight there would not be a single Turk on the soil of our native land." All the company applauded ; could they have ordered it, he would have been made General-in-Chief. "It sounded all like a case of Cleon come again." But your true democrat believes in Cleon. Mr. Nevinson's book is full of brilliant descriptions, with plenty of light and shade, shade more especially.

Reflections of a Russian Statesman. By K. P. Pobyedonostseff. Translated from the Russian by Robert Crozier Long. (Grant Richards.)—This is the first volume of a "Russian Library" which Mr. Stead, with a quite admirable devotion and gratitude to his Russian friends, is editing. Madame Olga Novikoff gives the volume her blessing, apparently without having read it. She could not have permitted the Procurator of the Holy Synod—this is M. Pobyedonostseff's office—to commit himself to the strange statements that we find in his volume. She is not as omniscient as she thinks, but she must know better than to affirm that because there are three Church parties, therefore in" the smallest English parishes three Anglican Churches are to be found;" nor would she have spoken of Mr. Justice Stephen as "a convinced Anglican Churchman," "deeply attached to his Church," or of the late Professor Froude as an "unshakeable and fanatical" upholder of the "principles of Anglican orthodoxy." If M. Pobyedonostseff is too busy banishing Jews and persecuting Stundists to learn much about religious matters outside Russia, it might have been as well to give him a hint to be silent. The book is really disappointing. We have plenty of vague rhetoric, with sometimes a strong pietistic tinge, and a defence of Russian orthodoxy which savours much of Antinomianism. Let Catholics and Protestants busy themselves with good works ; the Russian's religion has little to do with practical life, but is effectual to saving his soul,—as long, i.e., as he walks in the paths which M. Pobyedonostseff marks out for him. The statesman's political reflections are not more valuable. He criticises Western institutions, trial by jury, a free Press, education, &c. Let us confess that these things still leave the millennium remote. But there is nothing to make us think that it is more likely to begin in Russia than elsewhere. Madame Novikoff writes of " a defence of autocracy," which she bids us listen to. Let us have it by all means. But it is not hors.

We of William Terriss. By Arthur J. Smythe. (Constable and Co. 12s. 6d.)—William Lewin (Terriss was a stage name) was in turns sailor, medical student (not, however, actually entered), engineer, and amateur actor. He had exhausted his other experiences pretty quickly, for he was but twenty when he first appeared on the stage. At twenty-one he got an engagement at

lbs. per week, but failed to make his mark. Then came his mar- riage to a lady in the profession, and after this a search for fortune in Brazil and the Falkland Islands. After this there was another spell of the stage ; then a horse ranche. Finally, at twenty-six he took for the third time to acting, and succeeded. His parts were very numerous, and he seems, if we may judge from the favour of the critics and the very picturesque photo- graphs which illustrate the volume, to have supported them very History of Ancient Geography. By H. F. Tozer, M.A. (Cam- bridge University Press. 10s. 6d.)—Sir E. H. Banbury's great book on this subject remains, as Mr. Tozer fully acknowledges, the standard book on this subject. But it is intended for scholars, and is costly. The volume before us, written by one who is an expert in the subject, is likely to be very useful. It is not, it will be understood, an epitome or summary of the older work. Mr. Tozer has constructed it on lines of his own, while he has used the materials of his predecessor with intelligence. The first chapter is introductory, and discusses the origin of the science. Its birthplace was the Mediterranean coast, and its earliest, and indeed latest, exponents were the Greeks. The Phcenicians, who had the earliest opportunity, did not believe in the policy of the "open door," and looked on any knowledge that they possessed as "a trade secret." (Their Carthaginian offshoot must, how- ever, be excepted.) The Greeks took up what their rivals dropped. From "Homer" down to Pausanias there was a succession of Greek discoverers and travellers. And the race had something of the same opportunities of knowledge that we have. An Englishman who interests himself in "Imperial" subjects is of necessity something of a geographer. Even so a Greek who knew where his countrymen were settled must have had a fairly wide acquaintance with the world. Chap. 3, following an account of the Homeric geography, is given accordingly to" The Spread of the Greek Colonies." What commerce and adventure began was soon taken up by literature. After Archias of Syracuse and his fellow. adventurers, the founders of Messina, of Dioscorias, and of Cyrene, came Hecataens and Herodotus. Afterwards military explora- tion had its turn, in Xenophon first, and then, on a far more splendid scale, and not without a scientific purpose, in Alexander. About contemporary with Alexander we have Pytheas exploring in the West, and after him, Megasthenes, who was actually employed by one of Alexander's heirs. And now, under the influence of Aristotle and his successors, geography becomes more scientific. With this development are connected the names of Eratosthenes and Hipparchus. The spread of the Roman Dominion gave, of course, a great impulse to the science. This is represented by Strabo, who died in the reign of Tiberius. Later on we have Pliny, who represents the literary, and the Itineraries, which give the practical side of the Potitia Romania. Mr. Tozer gives an interesting chapter, which is probably the most original in his volume, to "Estimates of Mountains in An- tiquity." His book, which is illustrated by maps, is likely to be of very great use.

Robert the Wise and his Heirs, 1278-1352. By St. Clair Baddeley. (W. Heinemann. 21s.)—There is a vast amount of historical knowledge in Mr. Baddeley's book. He has had to search for it in many directions and from many sources. Had he only had to tell the story of Naples. the task would have been compara- tively easy; but Naples as a part of the European system during the three-quarters of a century which Mr. Baddeley's work includes meant a good deal. Italy, the German Empire, France, and, of course, the Popedom, have to be considered, for they were all, from time to time, parts of the situation. The historian has a great number of threads to follow out, and it tasks his skill to the utmost to keep them distinct. Mr. Baddeley lacks, unfortu- nately, the gift of lucid exposition. His style is complex and parenthetical. He cannot resist illustrations or examples when he would be doing better to confine himself to the simplest nar- rative. Sometimes he is positively obscure. "At a later day," he writes (p. 204), "Rienzi vaponred the idea of an Italian con- federation, headed by a Latin Emperor." " Vapour " is to talk idly or boastfully ; but can it be used as a verb transitive ? The press, too, might have been a little more carefully corrected. " Matebus mundi" and " munusculi " (both on p. 221) can hardly be right.

In the series of "The Modern Reader's Bible," edited by Richard G. Bloelton (Macmillan and Co.), we have Si. Luke and St. Paul, 2 vols.; and St. John. The first is divided thus,—(1) The Gospel, Acts i.-vii., Thessalonians and Galatians, with notes and syllabus ; (2) Acts, from chap. vii., the remaining Epistles, notes, &c. volume, containing essays on "The Celtic Church and its Saints" and " Brittany : its Princes and Saints," " Pedi- grees of Saintly Families," "A. Celtic and English Calendar of Saints," and an index to the saints whose lives are given in the work.—Burton's Pilgrimage to Al-Madinah and Mecca is. 2 vols. Edited by Lady Burton. With a Preface by Stanley Lane-Poole. (G. Bell and Sons.)—Ten Years' Captivity in the Mahdi's Camp. By Colonel F. R. Wingate. From the MS. of Father Joseph Ohrwalder. (Sampson Low and Co.)—Forty. One Years in India. By Field-Marshal Lord Roberts of Kandahar. (Macmillan and Co.)—A Father's Curse. By H. de Balzae. Translated by James Waring. With Preface by George Saints. bury. (J. M. Dent and Co.)—In the " B3rder Edition of tha Waverley Novels," edited by Andrew Lang (John C. Nimmo), The Monastery.—The Celibates' Club. By I. Zangwill. (W, Heinemann.)-1 combination of "The Bachelors' Club" and "The Old Maids' Club."—A Princess of Thule. By W. Black, (Sampson Low and Co.) PUBLICATIONS OF THE WEEK Al-xander (Mrs.), The Cost of Her Pride, or 8vo

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