_foreign anb Zolortial.

FRANCE —The Moniteur of Sunday contained a decree nominating Ge- neral de la Hitte Minister of Foreign Affairs.

"General de la Hine," writes the correspondent of the Times, "who at length agreed to accept what had been declined by so many others, is very little known in the political world. He is said to be a Legitimist; but perhaps his former connexion with the Duke d'Angonleme, on whose staff he served as aide-de-camp during the Spanish campaign of 1823, has tended more than any opinions of his own to give him that reputation. General de la Hitte also commanded the En- gineers, to which arm of the military service he belongs, at the conquest of Al- giers. Otherwise M. de la Hine is very little known outside the circle of his own immediate friends; he is entirely a new man, and does not even being to the National Assembly: ' Je ne suis rien—pas memo academician?'

The Moniteur of Tuesday publishes a decree -removing some twenty Prefects and Sub-Prefects appointed since the Revolution of February, and replacing them by the promotion of experienced officials, chiefly from the ranks of the Royalists.

An escapade of M. Pierre Bonaparte, and the official rebuke which his kinsman the President has promptly administered, form a topic much dis- cussed in the papers. Since his recall from Madrid, in disgrace for an eccentric manifestation of opinion on his cousin's policy, M. Pierre Bona- parte had been reconciled to Louis Napoleon, and been appointed to the command of a battalion in the Foreign Legion serving in Algeria. In the midst of active duty—in fact, at a critical moment of tactical operation— he left his post as military commander, and hastened to Paris in his capa- city of representative; impelled, probably, by the impression that a political crisis was near. The military dereliction is so serious, that were he not a foreigner he would render himself liable to the heaviest military peoalty. But he is a Roman born, and the punishment administered is simply that of dismissal from command.

Two of those scenes for which the National Assembly has become noted have occurred this week. On Monday, M. Segur d'Aguesseau, in comment upon M. Ferdinand Barrot's announcement of legal projects relative to the wounded of February and of June, inquired whether the brave Municipal Guards—the only combatants of February entitled to national sympathy— were included in the relief-fund? This bravado raised a "fearful storm "; the Mountain gesticulated and screamed with passion, crying, "A bas les Royalistes!" M. Dupin the President acted as a partisan; replying to re- proaches, calling the Left to order, and defending the Right.

On Tuesday, the occasion of tumult was an observation by M. Raspail nnior, apropos to his motion that no banker should be a Finance Minister: he asked, had not one Minister saved 1,500,000 out of his salary of 100,000 a year? M. Dupla called on him to name; and the Right was as excited by the covert attack; though M. Respell disclaimed any imputation on M. Fould. In the hubbub there were repeated references to the affair of M. Teate and Cubibres. M. Dania again sided with his party, and provoked renewed accusations of partiality in the chair.

ITALY.—Discrepant accounts come from different quarters in reference' to the Roman question. The Paris Petrie, a. Ministerial paper, states that the Pope's return is fixed for the 28th; and that General Cordova is to meet him at Terracina with 2,000 soldiers. Madrid letters, however, state that a misunderstanding, "not the leas acerb because kept as secret as pos- sible," has arisen between the Vatican and the Government at Madrid, which has issued in the hasty recall of the Spanish expedition. The mis- understanding is said to have arisen on the discovery by Narvaez, that the Cardinals were prompters in the " household " cabal which lately snatched the reins of government from his hands for " tiventy-two hours."

The Turin Chamber of Deputies, on the 16th instant, by 72 votes to 66, put off consideration of the treaty of peace with Austria till the rights of naturalization given to the Lombardo-Venetians, &c., at the beginning of the war, should have been provided for 'by a special law. The Chamber was immediately prorogued, and would be dissolved.

IONIAN ISLANDS.—Sir Henry Ward's proclamation of amnesty to the Cephalonians has been published.

Declaring that the necessity for new inquiries, new accusations, and new arrests, no longer exists, and that there has been enough ef punishment, the Lord High Commissioner proclaims "a full and entire amnesty in favour of all persons implicated in the events of the Months a August and September last," and pro- mises "in the name of the Government, that no more investigations shall be made, and that, above all, no accusations shall be admitted against those who have been in any way connected with the events in question. Every individual who is in prison shall at once from today be set at liberty. Time, their future conduct, and the opinion of their fellow citizens, will.decidelmon their innocence or guilt If any one accuses t,he Government of having permitted itself to be biassed by former recollections or by personal feelings, I tipa ready to ley before the Parlia- ment, as soon as it shell have assembled, a full statement of the reasons for all ray acts, and to leave it to the Legislature to decide whether my justification is complete." lie makes only "one exception" from the mrinesty—" Judgment on G. Pierato Cutrocoi, and OUNicolus Menem; son of Dienysiusliettikeit; will be pros nonnoecl tomorrow, by the Court at Lisouri- the former being proved too hareeam a criminal to be set at liberty; and the latter, unhappily, having acted cusabty towards a respectable and well-born indivkInal for which several inotter. persons have been punished." The question of indemnities will be submitted to the Senate at Corfu; eh, is not to be questioned that the island of Cephalonia ought not to be resposs&," and that it cannot possess any claim against the Treasury of the Seven Island oa-' the subjects of these indemnities, any more than for every other extraord'3a,, charge incurred by the Governer for the quelling of the revolt." He will ' the forces at the police and military stations, and invite the public agent mind es mates to lend that zealous concurrence against the outbreak of malevolent pas- sions, which if given before might at once have suppressed the late diassier; He will recommend the establishment of sanatory commissions at Pessades end Portoterm, as facilitating the watching of the smuggling trade, and the maineen. ance and extension of roads; he will facilitate the operations of the Atuitri Lloyd's in establishing direct communication from Trieste and Constantinopleanto CeHphealbeonliiev a esandfroZamn his heart and soul, that his conduct has averted the direst calamities: his powers have been exercised with regret, and with a feeling of re. sponsibility which few will believe; and in laying it down, he fervently hopes, that under no circumstances of his public life shall he ever be called to resume it INDIA AND Cm:sta.—The Bombay mail of the 18th October has ar_ rived in London.

The only fact of political mark is the arrest of the Sirdars Chattily Singh and Shere Singh, with several others, on a chtuge of conspiracy spine our Government. The case, as far as it is before the Indian public, is epitomized chiefly from the statements of the Delld Gazette. "It appears that when Major Mackescm granted to the rebel chiefs who surren- dered beyond the Jhelum permission ito live at their own homes' ' the Governor- General ratified the act of his agent; though we have very good reason to know that he could not, and did not, approve it His Lordship was therefore obliged te rest satisfied with laying down such strict rules for the conduct of those chiefs at their own houses' as would tend to render such liberty as harmless as possible. The rules laid down were subscribed and consented to by the chiefs, who were distinctly told that a breach of any of the conditions imposed on them would in- evitably lead to a forfeiture of the liberty allowed them; and reporters were pub- licly placed at their houses to give notice of any such breach. In spite of the bribery and corruption which seem to have been extensively employed on the occa sloe', it bad lately been ascertained by the authorities at Lahore, and of course communicated to the Government, that almost all the principal insurgents were in the habit of constantly violating the instructions that had been laid don for their guidance, and that frequent communication had again been established among them. The Governor-General promptly and most properly determined to exact the penalty the chiefs had knowingly incurred, and issued instructions to the local anthorites for the immediate seizure and incarceration of the defaulter& Mr. J. Lawrence, Mr. R. Montgomery, Major Edwardes, and Lieutenant Hodson, attended by a small corps of horse, marched from Labors at about an hoar before midnight They reached Attaree at daybreak; surrounded the village and for- tress; effected an entrance without difficulty; and completely took by surprise the Sirdar and his four sons, Rajah Shere Singh, Gholab Singh, Aotar Singh, and Tej Singh, with several other inferior rebels. The whole were forthwith hurried to the high-road, and whisked into Lahore ' in a carriage drawn by four horses. Lieutenant Hodson remained at Attaree to search for papers, with two or three companies of infantry, with orders to blow up the fort after the termina-

tion of the search." . .

The accounts of the Indian revenue assume an aspect of the deepest gloom: and the subject engages general attention. In the past year the expenditure has exceeded the income bya million anda half; and yet there seems no prospect of raising more taxes. The editor of the Bombay Times, in his hi-monthly edition, touches upon the point— • "For the last ten years we have been spending continually from three-quarters of a million to two millions and a half beyond ourmeans: we have extinguished since 1838 a balance in the treasury of nearly ten millions, converted a surplus of from a half to a-whole million into a deficit of doable this amount, and got rid of an addition since then .made to our revenue of nearly two millions a year. Our gross annual expenditure, accounted for in this way, has for the past seven years exceeded by four millions what it was just ten years eget. the total amount of some thirty millions thus arising having been thrown away on wars by which neither the Government nor the country, the people of England nor the people of India, have gained one single farthing, or were likely to have done so, had all that ever was expected from our campaigns beeerrealized. Against all and every one of our military exploits have the Court of Directors steadfastly set themse]ves: it is to her Majesty's Government,- and the people of England, who give titles, pensions, price' money, votes of thanks in Parliament, and general issmuedy to Jig/sting Governors-General and Commanders-in.chief, that the whole is due.

The Bombay correspondent of the London Times gives ampler expla- nations— - There is nothing extraordinary or unexpected in the revelation that has been mode. Government was notoriously embarrassed before the commencement of the last Panjaub war. Lord Hardinge had made the best arrangements in his power for an equalization of the expenditure with the income; and by the reduc- tions in the numerical strength of the army and-war ettablishments, and by the revenues of the Jullundur Dooab, there appeared a fair balance-sheet in prospect, which gave hope that there would be a surplus which would go far to cover the extra liabilities which had been incurred during the feat Sikh war and the ex- penditure during the period of Lord Ellenborough's incumbency. Bat the de- crease in the Indian revenues during the years which have followed have, it is but too apparent, exposed the fallacy of some of the positions assumed; and the de- crease in trade at all three Presidencies, the comparatively low price of opiunitand other causes, which necessarily arise from the peculiar character of the Indian revenue, dependent upon good harvests and remunerative prices, have produced the deficiencies we observe. " To apply or suggest even any practical remedy to this condition of affairs, is extremely difficult. We are not possessed in India, as you in England, of that financial elasticity which enables you to meet any difficulty of this kind by laying on an extra tax, which can be modified, or reduced altogether, when the pressure is past. Our revenues will not stretch; we have no taxation, so to speak; the land revenue is the rent of the land to its proprietor the Government, and cannot be raised because it is dependent upon prices ofproduce, upon seasons, and upon the standard value of remuneration to the cultivator. If the assessment or rent were materially raised, being, it may be supposed, at its maximum rate already, cultiva- tors could not afford to pay the increase, and land:would be thrown out of culti- vation thus producing material loss; and Government has too many examples of increased assessment, successful for a while, producing in the end a ruinous re- action, to attempt such a measure again either locally or generally. The revenue From salt is at its maximum .perhaps, or may slightly increase with the increase of population, which is notorious.' Opium is entirely dependent upon, China; and in the gradual depreciation of value there, -it is evident that the drain on that country for its purchase is being feltvand will increase. In .regard to import and export duties, we see little at present to cheer ms. The scarcity of cotton, and the demand for it for the home-market, may possibly rally the finances of Bom- bay in ,some degree; but it would be manifestly impossible to depend upon any mere expectatioa for. revieal: of trade equivalent to -any materisYnemase of re , ea. The revenues of the Panjaub are yet in prospect. We do not as yet heveDeer- whether they wilt afford a surploe, as it appears by one calculation they ere likely todo or-whether; al by another of equal validity, they will prove that, as in Scuide,-the cost of occupation exceeds the revenue, and imposes a further harden neon the general finances of India. By a recent article in the Delhi Gu- yette, the prebable'profits•Which would arise from the construction of canals for the irrigation of the lands now waste in the districts lying between the rivers of the Punjaub appear to be enormous: 343 lacs of rupees is assumed as the pro- bable increase of the revenue on that new obtained and obtainable by the introduc- tion of irrigation, which supplies means for a 'more extended, more certain, and more valuable description of produce than is now raised." Lord Dalhousie had been "for some time indisposed; and, not having ex- perienced much benefit from his trip to the mountains, proposed visiting Bombay about the beginning of next year, with a view of taking a sea voyage if necessary." Brigadier Douglas, Seventy-eighth Highlanders, whose serious illness was mentioned in the last accounts, died at Ilyderabad while on his way to Bombay. His place as Brigadier commanding in Upper Scinde had been conferred on Brigadier Boileau, Twenty-second Foot, then in command of. the Poona Brigade.

The affairs of Oude•were greatly disorganized; and it was thought that the English Government "would assume the entire management of the country, in conformity with the treaty to that effect, paying the surplus revenue into the treasury of the King,' and allowing him no interference.

The . accounts from Hongkong extend to the 29th September.- The murder of Governor Amaral was still the topic of discussion, but the ques- tion had assumed no new phase of importance. Communications had passed between the Portuguese and the Chinese, in the course of which the language of the latter was " coolly insolent." The Chinese had not retaliated for the capture of the fort by the Portuguese. It seems that when this occur- red, two Chinese soldiers were taken prisoners, and from them information has been gained which tends to implicate authorities in the murder of the Go- vernor. Thc Chinese are so sensible of this, that they have pretended a sudden " discovery " of the murder, and recovery of the head and hand of the Governor, and have offered to give tip both the mutilated remains and the criminal, in exejeenge for the soldiers captured at the fort. The offers had been rejected. he extent to whioh the English and the other Eu- ropean powers have interfered with ships and men is still but imperfectly detailed. It is simply stated, that the Amazon and Medea "went up to restore confidence by their appearance," and that one French- and two American war-ships did the same. No embarkation of troops is alluded to Care OP GOOD HorE.—Letters from Cape Town to the_22d Septem- ber, have been received. The Neptune arrived in -dnion's-Bay on Wed- nesday evening the 19th September: the intelligence of her arrival reached Cape Town at about half-past nine, and by half-past twelve the same night "the Committee of Observation "—Mr. M`Donald, Mr. Auddell, Mr. De Pass, and Mr. Truter—set out for the Bay. Early on the morning of Thursday the 20th, the arrival of the ship was announced to the inhabitants of Cape Town by the prearranged signal of striking the Town=house gong, and tolling all the church-bells at half-minute time. The people, "though greatly excited, were sufficiently calm to move prudently," as "they had not the slightest misgivings of a successful issue to this their righteous and holy struggle." A notice was instantly put forth by the Anti-Convict Association, briefly telling the inhabitants that the Committee had started for the shore, and reminding all parties "that 'the pledge' must now be rigidly acted upon to the full, extent of its power and spirit." The Com- missioners of the Municipality immediately met, and addressed Governor Sir Harry Smith in the following terms— "The Neptune, with her cargo of convicted felons, having arrived in Simon's Bay, the Commissioners and Ward-masters for the Municipality of Cape Town, now in the Town-hall assembled, once more address your .Excellency, praying, as the people have determined that the convicts must not, cannot, and shall not be landed or kept in any of the ports of this colony, and as the Board rely upon your Excellency's often-expressed desire to promote the wellbeing of the colo- nists—that the Neptune may be ordered, after victualling, to leave our shores; thus to remove the cause of anxiety now prevailing, and to obviate the evil con- sequences which may result therefrom, and for which your Excellency would be held responsible. And as the people are anxiously waiting for a decision, your Excellency is respectfully requested to communicate the Male as early as pos- sible."

Within an hour they received the Governor's answer, through his pri- vate secretary— "His Excellency has already apprized you, and all interested in its subject, that it is his intention, in the exercise of the discretion which his Excellency finds, as he anticipated, is by law reposed in him, not to relieve the Surgeon-Superin- tendent of his charge of the Neptune,- pending the receipt of the replies to the several despatches upon the subject which have been addressed to the Secretary of State, and which may reasonably. be expected in a month or six weeks. In the mean time, the Neptune will ride at anchor in Simon's Bay, as in the case of any other ship. His Excellency desires me to express his deep regret at the tone and style of your communication; which circumstances max in some degree ex- cuse but which-they certainly do not justify.' The reply Was received by the people as "more calculated to delude than satisfy." At two o'clock OIL the same day; (the 20th September,) a publics meet- ing was held in the open air before the'Town-hbuse; in Market Square; Mr. Ebden presiding. A -letter from the Committee of Observation de- tailed what steps they had taken since their departure at midnight. "We had an interview with the CominOddre; vrho told us in a straightforward manner, that the convict-ship did not belong to his department, but that he should supply her with provisions from motives of humanity, and that the soldiers on board would be equally supplied either from town or from the naval stores; but that otherwise the convicts would be kept completely isolated from the shore." Subsequently; Mr. Granger went on board the

ship, and was allowed to inspect and take copies of the charter-party and .Admiralty instructions. These showed that there was a " facility of re-

turning the vessel and her freight "; and it was found that "the Master did net object to take back the convicts for an adeqpate consideration, could the other arrangements be made," Mr. Ebden read to the meeting a letter to the Govertior, which the.Committee had drafted and proposed to send to him as an answer to his-note quoted above. "The inhabitants," it said, "feel-compelled by a sense of duty to themselves, their children, their friends, and their country, and fully justified in the sight of God and man, in the exercise of their undoubted rights and privileges as Bri- tish subjects, to put into immediate operation those means of self-protection which are expressed in the document called the' Pledge; which had been signed, as your Excellency knows, by all ranks and classes of her Majesty's loyal subjects in this colony; one of which is, that they will drop connexion with any person who may "'dinIn bueeortine ■••••-."-sed felons.' And that these words Include all de-

partments of the Government, by, or through, or under the authority of which, supplies of any kind may be conveyed to the Neptune, until that vessel's desti- nation be changed, and until supplies are required to enable her to prosecute her voyage.

• " Your Excellency must be assumed to be perfectly sensible that the present Secretary of State has justly forfeited the confidence of the people of this colony, and that want of confidence makes it totally impossible for them to wait patiently for his determination as to the final disposal of the convicts on board the Neptune. Whatever his determination or his future instructions to your Excellency on this subject may be, the inhabitants have resolved that the convicts shall not be ad- mitted into this community."

Mr. Prince moved that the meeting approve of the letter; and supported it in this style-

" Gentlemen, there is no man in this community who feels more acutely than I do the disgrace and infamy that have been cast upon the colony, and I wish I could give expression to the feelings that agitate me. The time is come for us to act. If we now hold back, or swerve one jot from the resolutions we have taken, we shall become the laughingstock of the world, and we shall deserve to be laughed at. Nothing can be more simple than the duty we have now to perform. I am sure you will agree with me when I say, that this association could organize a machinery outside the town to receive supplies of meat and other provisions for the inhabitants, and to prevent any supplies of the kind from coinh,g in front the country for any other purpose. What could soldiers or sailors do under such cir- cumstances? We know that the butchers' men and togigangers have to travel about the country to collect sheep and oxen in fives and tens; but soldiers could not do this. If they went in small numbers, they would not go far; and if they went in large numbers, they would get nothing themselves to eat. Therefore I say, that it depends upon us to send the Neptune away." . . . . "Is its matter of finance? Why, the inhabitants will pay all the expense of chartering the ship if the is sent away, and victual her into the bargain. It is strange that his Excel- lency should refuse to exercise the discretion reposed in him, to the wounding of our feelings, as he does. What is it to us what the instructions of Earl Grey may be? Have we not held up our hands to heaven and declared that we will not have convicts? Make up your minds, then, to act. Let the association organize a machinery outside the town to supply the inhabitants alone. Let the soldiers and sailors do the same thing—and see what they will get!"

The motion was seconded by Mr. Wicht; a gentleman of the more per- sonal weight as he rarely obtruded his opinion on a meeting, but preferred to work in the background and "carry out" what was resolved on. He roundly accused the Governor of vacillating, and of attempting to cajole the inhabitants by evasive replies. The motion was carried unanimously, with great applause; and the meeting adjourned till two o'clock on Satur- day.

Cartana.—News has been received of a few days' later date than that of last week, but communicating only one or two facts of interest.

With respect to the measure of moving the seat of Government from Montreal, the Quebec Mercury publishes a Government notice to the Mayor of the city, conveying this intimation— "After mature deliberation upon the address of the Legislative Assembly, dated the 19th of May last, in favour of holding the seat of Government alternately at Toronto and Quebec, and on consideration that nothing has since occurred to di- minish the weight of reasons which gave rise to that address, the Governor- General in Council has come to the determination of acquiescing in the desire of the Legislative Assembly It has been determined that the new arrange- ment shall commence by the immediate removal of the Government to Toronto; there to remain till the expiration of the present Parliament; after which it will be transferred to Quebec, for the four following years."

A letter from Mr. Francis Blocks, expressing his opinion On the questions of" agricultural grievance "and" annexation," has appeared in the Montreal Gazette- " Setting aside those questions which our own Parliament has full power to settle," Mr. Mocks says, "the single cause of discontent among our people at this moment springs from the restrictions imposed by the United States on the admission of our staple products into her markets." . . . . "1 think it highly important that it should be generally understood that the Imperial Government is thoroughly sensible of the importance of having the free admission of our pro- ducts into the American markets: and I do not hesitate to state it as my firm conviction, that we have every reason to look forward, not only with hope, but with confidence, to the speedy attainment of our object." . . . . " The demand for annexation is founded on an entire misapprehension as to the state of public opinion in England. The generous sentiments expressed by English statesmen, to the effect that they had no desire to retain the colonies against the wishes of their inhabitants, have been construed into indifference as to the permanency of the connexion—an indifference which is most assuredly not felt by any numerous party in England. Not only are the leading statesmen of the political parties Into which the people of that great country are divided most favourable to the subsisting connexion, but the warmest advocates of Colonial reform—such men as Mr. Hume, Sir William Molesworth, and Mr. Roebuck—would view with deep re- gret the success of such a movement as that contemplated by certain parties at Montreal. It would indeed be mortifying to the friends of liberal government everywhere, should it turn out that the concession of the most ample flowers of self-government to the most important colony of the empire should have the abet, not of strengthening the bonds of affection to the Mother-country, but of rudely severing them for ever." Ile states that the views explained by Mr. Baldwin in his letter to Mr. Perry [the substance of which we have published) "are entertained by every member of the present Administration, and will be carried out by us in office, provided we are supported by those with whom we have hitherto acted. If, on the other hand, we should be deserted by those whose confidence has hitherto ustained us, we have a plain duty to perform to ourSovereign and our country,—which is, to sus. tain any Administration favourable to British connexion, which can command a larger share of public confidence than ourselves."

Resolutions in favour of the annexation of Canada to the United States "have been introduced into both Houses of the Vermont Legislature."