29 JULY 1916, Page 20

Philosophy and War. By Emile Boutroux. (Constable and Co. 4a.

6d.)—While combating the idea that German philosophers of the past can be held responsible for the use which is now being made of their doctrines, it does not follow, says M. Ernie Boutroux, " that there is nothing in the writings of these great men to afford the slightest pretext for the present aberrations." In his chapters on " German Thought," " German Science," "Certitude and Truth," and " War and Sophistry" he traces the influence of those writings on the German people, until•they have come " to regard the war as the culmination of their philosophy." Other articles are " The Spirit of France " and " The French Conception of Nationality," and in " After the War " we get a very interesting and useful insight into the views of our French Allies on the lessons to be drawn from the present great struggle.