3 JUNE 1854, Page 18

TILE EVICTION OF THE BARBARIANS FROM EUROPE. 1 Adam Street,

.didelphi, Hay 29, 1854. Sin—After long years of strife England and France have ceased to be "natural enemies." One cause of this may be that the Bourbon race has finally ceased from out of the land of the French. The descendant of Philippe Egalite completed the convictions that Charles the Tenth took ao much pains to enforce ; and the shortlived Republic filled the general mind with fears of a new warlike outbreak, which the advent of a second Napoleon to empire did not tend to lessen. In intermarrying with a woman simply endowed by nature, inatead of allying himself to a princess endowed by a court, Louis Napoleon severed all links between himself and the Continental dynasties he was at first dis- posed to propitiate. Still he was looked on with suspicion till the Czar furnished the circumstances that linked France to England in a war for the world's progress. But this cannot last, some argue • it is only tem- porary. There are, however, reasons that will assure It so long as Louis Napoleon shall live. In the first place, the alliance with England gives him great moral power, and will strengthen those who long for quietude within the French borders to cultivate the arts of peace. i Secondly, he loves power, and not likely to do anything to risk the loss of it ; and nothing could so surely imperil it as a strife with England, enabling the discontented to gather together in arms. Thirdly, there is no living man with so decided a genius for the incessant outlay of large sums of money on splendour and magnificence as Louis Napoleon. Not Jose- phine herself could have exceeded him in the capacity for circula " the metallic medium,—and that is saying much. Having this taste, he naturally cast about for the means to gratify it with the least mischievous results. These means will not be found in loans or direct taxes, or banking or stockjobbing operations. But one simple means exists—Free Trade! With free trade Louis Napoleon will rapidly attain a revenue such as no potentate of France ever .enjoyed. And the very war in which he is en- gaged, a war for humanity that Europe may not become a Cossack appanage, will demand a revenue of a more than ordinary kind. This will in itself urge on free trade with a power that none of the old vested monopolies in wood and coal and metal can withstand. By free trade the very war- time so commonly combined with poverty and misery, will become associated with prosperity. By free trade I mean, the actual letting of the custom- houses for warehouses, and the removal of all duties save those producing the largest amount of revenue on bulky commodities not adapted for smuggling. It would be a becoming thing for the English Government to set the example by the removal of duties on all French produce and manufactures, to assi- milate France and England as closely as possible together, and to make of

them one country by commercial and other alliances. It would be a pleasant thing to behold French email craft ascending our river to London and hold- ing a constant market on its waters for the sale of their multifarious com- modities, and a reciprocal interchange 0 English wares on the Seine up to the walls of Paris. Let free trade ones thoroughly obtain, and material wealth increase till poverty be at a minimum, then will strife between England and France become an impossibility evermore, whatever may be the changes in the mode of rule. And the modes of rule must gradually assimi- late together in both countries as antagonism shall cease. Providence bestows power for useful purposes, and the utility of the French and English power is to civilize the world, to break down the mis- chievous principle of Russian despotism, to abolish the Russian autocracy and military rule, and to assimilate the condition of Russia to that of other and progressive countries. We do not war with Russians, but with an evil

principle into whose service Russians are pressed. If Russia cannot exist save as a despotism, which some allege, why then, let Russia be resolved into her original elements of warring tribes. Nations have only the right to choose their own mode of government so long as they are not a nuisance to their neighbours.

The Swedes are not slow to perceive unit this war is to them a war of life or death. Were the Czar to vanquish the allies, the Fins and Swedes too

would be driven to the Steppes and flweden and Norway and Denmark would merge in Russia,-a conclusion not to be desired. But if a French army land in Finland, the Fins both from need and liking must join it, and the Russians be driven out. That the Russians should withstand a well- appointed French army, is the most unlikely of all military results. The elder Napoleon marched to Moscow in lanssian despite ; and when the wea- ther, and the weather only, forced him to retire, the Russians who hung like wolves on his rear invariably retreated whenever the French beaded round, even as the troop of Cossacks slunk away from the memorable "Sortez coquina!" of the white-plumed Murat.

And with a French and Swedish army possessed of Finland, how can Rus- sian Petersburg continue to exist on the far bank of the Neva. Petersburg must perish, or become Swede. Deprived of the sea exit by the reduction of all her fortresses in succession by Napier, Petersburg must be reduced to the condition from which the first Peter rescued the Neva marshes when there was no Western alliance to oppose him. It does not seem possible that any Baltic power, even the peaceful Hanse Towns, should avoid taking sides in this great question ; and the side their very existence prompts to is the aide opposed to Russia. Only thus can Hamburg avoid the future occupa- tion of her territory by Austrian or Russian soldiery, and the certain re- sult of forced subsidies and mercantile ruin.

But for the condition of Italy and Hungary the dynastic influence of Aus- tria would be on the side of /tussle. Not in love but in fear does the Aus- trian Emperor turn on his old ally, and he will in earnest desire him to be crippled to prevent his revenge on -himself ; but he will wish him "scotched, not killed."' But the interest of the allies is absolutely to blot out the exist- ing form of Russian government, and thus leave to Austria and Prussia no hope but in keeping peace with the Liberal world. It is the interest of France and England to maintain a free transit for all nations up the Rhine and down the Danube to the Black Sea, and vice versa-and it will not be for the interest of Prussia or Austria to deny it-and with it the entire abolition of passports and customhouses. That accomplished, Continental barbarism would disappear from those countries, and Poland might again grow up. With Poland a nation, and Sweden, Finland, and Denmark united, the power of Russia in the North would be so shorn that probably internal revolutions would spring up and finally dispose of the house of Romanoff. To lead to this result, it would be a wise course to dispose of all Russian prisoners by sending them to Canada and the United States, where they would acquire a knowledge of far other things than a blind submission to-a savage despot, garbed to imitate civilized men. If such Russian prisoners returned to Russia, it would be to sow seed useful to the world.

In the Black Sea, the possession of the Dardanelles and the Crimea by a neutral maritime power would maintain an efficient police, till an extended commerce could grow up ; and meanwhile it is essential that a power other than Russia slieuld exist to unite together the unquiet Christian races. The imbecile Otho will hardly be left to misgovern one country and stir up strife in others. The Mohammedan element must decrease even if victorious against Russia by the help of France and England. What, then, can be more desirable than to restore Greece as an independent empire, if possible under the present Turkish ruler as a Christian prince, leaving it to the option of the dissatisfied Mohammedan population to seek refuge in Asia ? With the Danube for a Northern boundary and no Russia to interfere- for Russian hordes are in truth not more formidable than are Indian hordes to our Sipahee troops-restored Greece would be a Far East for European emigrants ; and with railroads growing and plantations settling, and com- merce ever on the increase, and with possibly a stream of free Northern blood flowing Southward through Poland, she would become the frontier to develop civilization through the tribes of Asia Minor, and so onwards to meet the advancing civilization of British India.

Poverty is the great incentive to barbarism, acting and reacting. The poorest country of Europe-Russia-is the most barbarous. A sea-league- a federal union of maritime nations, adopting a common banner in addition to their national colours-would largely increase the facilities for profitable work and diminish the chances of evil-doers. Oppressed inland people would seek the free ports as places of refuge, and despotism would become almost an impossibility throughout Europe.

Meanwhile, the foot of the Frank and of the Anglo-Saxon is planted in old Byzantium ; and, we trust, never again to leave it, but become colonists, to BOW therein the seeds of modern progress, and teach Russian serfs that there is a land to which they may flee for refuge beyond the reach of the knout. And if Prussian and Austrian rulers cannot see the advantages of making a free inland navigation through their territories, and a free transit by rail,-if they seek to uphold their federal power at the coat of their people's retarda- tion and poverty,-it will not be long ere the peoples will inquire if it be not a practicable thing to change such rulers for more enlightened men. When the route from Rotterdam to the Black Sea shall be as well and freely tra- velled as that between London and Liverpool, barbarism will be extinguished in central Europe, as surely as the Red Indian of America withers before the approach of the White man.

The only thing to fear is, that Russian overtures of peace may be too readily accepted by the allies ere the source of Russian evil-a centralized military power-is crushed at the root.