ITtiortIlaneous.

Sir James Graham paid a flying visit to the Isle of Wight, at the end of the week ; going on Saturday, and returning to town on Monday. It was supposed that he would follow the Queen to Scotland ; but it is uncertain when the state of public affairs will permit him to leave London.

The Archbishop still lies dangerously ill at Addington Park ; but the last of the daily bulletins, issued yesterday evening, says—" His Grace the Archbishop of Canterbury has gained strength, and has continued to improve throughout the day."

Mr. Thomas Norton Longman, the eminent bookseller and publisher, died at Hampstead, on Monday, in his seventy-second year. As he was returning home from town, on Wednesday week, his horse tripped in St. Pancras Road, and threw him. He was picked up, and carried to a surgeon's; where he was found to have suffered a severe fracture of the skull. A Coroner's Jury have sat upon the body, and returned a verdict of "Accidental Death."

In a General Order dated August 26th, the Duke of Wellington has appointed to be his Aides-de-Camp, Colonel the Honourable George Anson, Lieutenant-Colonel the Marquis of Douro, Cornet the Earl of March, and Cornet the Marquis of Worcester.

Tuesday's Gazette announced honours conferred on the Thirteenth Regiment of Light Infantry : it is licensed to assume the title of the Thirteenth or Prince Albert's Regiment ; to bear on its colours and appointments a mural crown, superscribed " Jellalabad," "as a memo- rial of the fortitude, perseverance, and enterprise evinced by that regi- ment, and the several corps which served during the blockade of Jella- labad" ; and is permitted to wear a medal distributed by the Governor- General of India to every officer, non-commissioned officer, and private belonging to the garrison of Jellalabad.

The Queen has graated a special letter to authorize collections in churches and chapels in aid of the funds of the Society for Building and Repairing Churches and Chapels.

The Times yesterday asserted the existence of combination or "vo- luntary association" among the bakers, "wholly unauthorized by law "; and the City Article of the same paper gives some particulars of this combination, only making the associations plural- " These associations, which have existed in almost every district of the Me- tropolis and the suburbs, regulate the price of the loaf in accordance with the

opinion of the majority of the members ; who will naturally enough be anxious to get the most they can out of their business. It will, therefore, at once be seen, that it is this sort of combination which has sustained the price of bread against the great fall now quoted in the value of grain ; and which is likely still

to inflict senous injury upon the public unless remedial measures in the shape of an assize by the Mayor, or other mode, be speedily adopted. The great and

just cry made against the high price of this chiefly-consumed commodity has

not in any great measure relaxed the influence which these associations have over the trade; who hold monthly and quarterly revelries out of the fines they

inflict on any of the refractory members who may be disposed to serve the public at moderate prices. To show in its proper light how these associations exercise their functions in regulating the pnce of the loaf, two of the rules of one of them are extracted. They particularly allude to the question now under consideration-

' Ride 7. That when a rise in the price of bread is agreed upon at any general 07 special meeting, and any member cannot from any just cause comply with such rise, he

shall give notice to the Secretary, who shall immediately summon the Committee, and they shall endeavour to remove the obstacle; but, shouhl they be unsuccessful, they shall give notice to the Secretary to call a general meeting as early as possible. • Rule 8, Should the neighbour of any member fall his bread below the general price, such member shall immediately give notice to the Secretary to call a general meeting.'

"The two classes of trade, the 'high price' and the 'low price' bakers, have, it is believed, distinct and separate societies' but all working to the same end and effect. Hence it is evident, that, though operating in different chan- nels, they have the required influence on the, general price—the rise or fall of one class guiding the rise or fall of the other.'

The discussion on the Regency Bill was opened in the French Chamber of Peers, on Monday ; the opposition to it being led by the Marquis de Dreux Brae. Ultimately the bill was adopted, by 163 to 14.

The Chamber of Peers resolved on Saturday that a marble statue of the Duke of Orleans should be placed in the ball of its deliberations. On Monday, Baron Pasquier read a letter from the King. thanking the Chamber, in his own name and that of the Royal Family, for having decreed the erection of a statue to the memory of the Duke of Orleans.

The Chambers were prorogued on Thursday, till the 9th of January. The King came to town to receive the deputation of the Peers who presented the Regency Bill ; and he returned to the Château of Ea in the evening.

M. Thiers is on a tour of historical and topographical researches. Last week he visited Boulogne, and the local points of interest in con- nexion with the Grand Army. He has since gone by St. Omer to Lille. The Journal des Debuts has some remarks on the present state of England. It observes how great is the power of the law for thing within its grasp ; whence the apparent supineness of Government during times of popular turbulence, and the efficacy of the means of forcible suppression when finally employed. But part of the evil is beyond the reach of the law— "All the exertions of the Government will not avail in preventing England from continuing to glide down the descent she has entered upon. This great country is enduring the penalty of its own excesses. It is staggering, and must fall from the intoxication produced by its successful industry and specu- lation. Still infatuated with the traditional idea that it is destined by Provi- dence to manufacture for the whole universe, and have all nations as tributa- ries to its industry, it piles up produce upon produce, without reflecting that rival nations have gained instruction in its own schools, and are raising up ma-

nufactories against manufactories. • •

4, England accelerates the motions of its machines without listening to the low and distant echo of its own steps repeated on the distant shores of its com- petitors. * This is the corroding sore of England, which her Legislature can never cure. The unlimited freedom of competition, the excess of produc- tion without outlet, the multiplication of banks and joint-stock companies, have produced in England an inordinate system of jobbing. We do not wish to insult the fecundity of our nature, nor clip the wings of human intelligence; but the spark with which God has animated his creature inky consume as well as enlighten and freedom of action without being ruled by reason may be abused and destroy itself. Thus, England has been converted into a species of general stock exchange, where gambling has established its empire, with all its train of factitious emotions and excitements, and sudden rises and falls. • "The wealthy classes may be able to endure this artificial existence. In the convulsions of trade, as in the crisis of the money-market, men of large for- tunes may escape from being wrecked; but the first victims of these fluctua- tions are the unfortunate working men, who are without past or future—one day employed, the next discharged—today elevated by a sudden demand for their labour, and tomorrow cast upon the world, at the mercy of public charity. Can it be astonishing that this population, without hearth or home, without faith or law, should rebel against the caprices of fortune, of which it has be- come the wretched object, and mark its revolt by traces of blood, as we have just seen ? England at this moment presents to the world a great enigma. At is impossible to tell whether she will seek safety in war or in emigration— whether she will throw off the w eight which oppresses her by some sort of ex- plosion, and, as it were, disgorge its produce and population ; or whether, cou- rageously compressing her own expansion, she will endeavour to set bounds to her unbridled excess of industry and speculation, which throws disorder into her economical system, and threatens to shake to the very foundation her social constitution."

There is a splendid military exhibition going on at Dusseldorf, where Prussian troops are encamped to the number of 60,000 or more, for a review on agrand scale. The King of Hanover, Lord De Grey, and many illustrious foreigners, are on the ground ; Prince George of Cam- bridge and Lord Cardigan are on the road ; and the Duke De Nemours and the Prince De Joinville are expected. The King of Prussia ar- rived on the 28th—so knocked up with being feted on his way, that he was obliged to take to his bed. The manceuvres began on the 29th, with the repulse of a pretended attack ; 25,000 men taking part in the evolutions. King Ernest did the honours of chief, in the place of the sick King.

A new law of divorce has been announced in Prussia, which will re- duce the grounds on which separation can be sued for to four. These are adultery, drunkenness, abandonment, and unchristian conduct. The last point includes, among other signs and tokens, that of abstain- ing from the communion-table.

There has been a protracted drought in Germany : the grass and clover are burned up ; the peasantry eagerly sell their live stock ; and the greatest fears are entertained of short provision for the winter. Even the grapes suffer from the dryness.

The Columbia mail-steamer, which left Halifax on the 18th August, brings intelligence from New York to the 15th.

The treaties between the United States and Great Britain were sent to the Senate on the afternoon of the 11th instant. Lord Ashburton, having accomplished the objects of his mission, was on the point of quitting Washington for New York, where the Queen's ship Warspite was waiting to convey him home. The municipal authorities of New York were preparing to receive him in a very cordial manner.

Mr. Clay had written a letter to a "Clay Club" in Louisiana, ex- pounding his views, in case he should be elected to the Presidency-

" Whilst it does not surprise me," he says, "it affords me great plea- sure to learn, that in the fine cotton-growing country in which you re- side, surpassed by none in the United States, opinions in favour of the pro- tection of the productions of our own country against the competition within our own limits of the rival productions of foreign countries are making rapid Fogress. I have always believed that the interests of each division of the Union, as well as the interests of every class and condition of society, are iden- tical; and that the prosperity or adversity of any one of them would be in a greater or less degree felt by alL' And I have looked forward with confi- dence to the arrival of the period when this great truth would become generally impressed upon the American mind. "In acting upon this policy, our experience has shown how important stabi- lity is to its successful operation. This will be best secured by moderation and firmness. The tariff of 1828, forced through Congress by a combination be- tween. pretended friends and undisguised enemies, against the wishes of those who sincerely desired to foster and build up American manufactures, was the principal cause of the unsettled state of the public mind which ensued. "With a sound currency of uniform value throughout the Union, emanating from and guaranteed by Federal authority—with a tariff so adjusted as to afford an adequate revenue and efficient protection to agriculture, commerce, and manufactures—and with the withdrawal of the proceeds of the sales of the public lands from the common treasury, where, in consequence of the fluc- tuating amount, the policy of the Government is liable to sudden and frequent disturbance—we may confidently anticipate the restoration of prosperity.