General MINA. died at Barcelona on the 24th of last

month. cumstance seems to impart additional solemnity to the document ;

DUPIN exhorted that assembly to throw off the weight of terror " The war with the Seminoles during the summer was, on our part, chiefly which the attack on the Kings life had naturally produced, and confined to the protection of our frontier settlements from the incursions of the proceed to the task of legislation wltli independence and calmness. enemy ; and, as a necessary and important means for the arcomplishment of On Wednesday, DUCHATEL presented several financial bills to that end, to the maintenance of the posts previously established. In the course the Chamber, and the budget for 1838. He stated, that in con- of this duty, several actions took place, in which the bravery and discipline of sequence of the recent commercial embarrassments, it was not his both officers and men were conspicuously displayed, and which I have deemed proper to notice, in respect to the former, by the granting of brevet rank for intention to propose any plan fur reducing the interest on the Five gallant services in the field. But as the force of the Indians was not so far per Cent. Stock. weakened by these partial successes as to lead them to submit, and as their PERSIL has commenced a fresh crusade against the press, under savage inroads were frequently repeated, early measures were taken for placing the pretence, utterly false and absurd, that MEUNIER the assassin at the disposal of Governor Call, who, as Commander-in-Chief of the territorial militia, had been temporarily invested with the command, an ample force for had been instigated by newspaper articles to murder the King. the purpose of resuming offensive operations in the most efficient manner so Several journal's, including the Siecle, the Courrier Francais, and soon as the season should permit. Major- General Jessup was also directed, on the Temps, have been seized at the post, and prosecutions threat- the conclusion of his duties in the Creek country, to repair to Florida and as- ened. The Temps states, that the last time that journal was seized sume the command. was on the 25th of July 1830, by the POLIGNAC Ministry. The " The result of the first movement made by the forces under the direction of Governor Call, in October last, as detailed in the accompanying papers, excited much surprise and disappointment. A full explanition has been re- posed to danger only in consequence of his unconstitutional dicta- quit eil of the causes which led to the failure of that movement, but had not yet lion in the government of the country. The Journal des Debats, been received. In the mean time, as it was feared that the health of General however, condemns this arbitrary and violent proceeding, as,utterly Call, who was understood to have suffered much from sickness, might not be useless and uncalled-for; and it is thence concluded, that Guizor adequate to the crisis, and as Major- General Jessup was known to have reached disapproves of his colleague's precipitancy, and that no further Florida, that officer was directed to assume the command, and to prosecute all needful operations with the utmost promptitude and vigour. From the force at his disposal, and the dispositions he has made and is instructed to make, and Nothing has been elicited respecting MEUNIER t ER, except that he is from the very efficient measures which it is since ascertained have been taken by an idle, dissipated desperado, formerly a journeyman saddler, and Governor Ciill, there is reason to hope that they will soon be enabled to reduce afterwards a clerk in a waggon-office. He is try ing to persuade the enemy to subjection."

his keepers that he is insane, by playing all sorts of tricks and An increase of the navy and a reorganization of the militia are talking inedierently. ANQuarrit.'s History of France, he says, recommended ; and General JACKSON again presses upon Con- inspired him with a deadly hatred of the Bourbons ; and so he had gress the necessity of such an alteration in the Constitution as resolved, from the time of his perusing that work, to kill the King. shall " prevent, in any event, the election of the President and Twu fresh arrests have been made, of persons supposed to be in Vice-President of the United States devolving on the House of some way connected with MEUNIER; but those who were first Representatives and the Senate." Various other topics of minor

taken into custody have been discharged. interest are touched upon ; but the striking feature of the mes- ACHNIKT, Bey of Constantine, is making great preparations to sage is its exposition of the financial state of the country. resist the threatened attack of the French : he has beets rein- " You will perceive, from the report of the Secretary of the Treasury, that forced by Arab deserters from C L AUSEL. That officer is to give the financial means of the country continue to keep pace with its improvement explanations and make his defence before the Chambers : he is in all other respects. The receipts into the Treasury, during the present year, will amount to about 47,691,898 dollars; those from customs being estimated daily expected in Paris. at 22,523,151 dollars ; those from lands at about 24,000,000, and the residue On the very day that Lord HENRY Russitee and Captsin TUB. from miscellaneous sources. The expenditures for all objects during the year NER were arrested in Paris under the pretence that they were are estimated not to exceed 22,000,000 dollars; which will leave a balance in Curlist emissaries, it was announced in the Paris newspapers, that the Treasury fur public purposes, on the 1st day of January next, of about a large quantity of saltpetre and other warlike stores had been 41,723,959 dollars. This sum, with the exception of five millions, will be sent across the frontier to Don CARLOS, from Bayonne. Yet transferred to the several States, in accordance with the provisions of. the Act

regulating the deposits of the public money.

Louis Pinup did not scruple to declare that he had fulfilled the " The unexpended balance of appropriation, on the 1st day of January next, conditions of the Quadruple Treaty with " religious fidelity !" is estimated at 14,636,062 dollars, exceeding by 9,636,062 dollars the amount

which will be left in the deposit banks, subject to the drafts of the Treasurer

of the United States, after the contemplated transfers to the several States are made. if, therefore, the future receipts should not be sufficient to meet these at Belgrade on account of the plague, which had appeared in a outstanding and future appropriations, there may be soon a necessity to use a It has been a prevalent mistake, not only in this country, but, it appears, in America also, to suppose that the surplus of the American revenue accruing on the 1st of January 1837 would be given to the different States: but General JACKSON says—

" Such a suggestion has doubtless been made without a due ionsideration of the obligation of the Deposite Act, and without a proper attention to the various principles and interests which are affected by it. It is manifest that the law itself cannot sanction such a suggestion, and that, as it row stands, the States have no more authority to receive and use these deposits nithout intend. ing to return them, than any deposit° bank, or any individi al temporarily charged with the safekeeping or application of the public money would now have for converting the sane to their private use without tbe consent and against the will of the Government."

Having thus shown that the Treasury of the General Govern- ment is still oppressed by this weight of wealth, notwithstanding the Deposite Act, the President goes on to explain tie dangers to the liberties and welfare of the country arising from the accumu- lations of a surplus income.

" Under the present revenue system there is every probability that there will continue to be a surplus beyond the wants of the Government ; and it has be- come our duty to decide whether such a result be consistent with the true objects of our Government.

" Should a surplus be permitted to accumulate beyond the al propriations, it must be retained in the Treasury as it now is, or distributed among the people of the States.

" To retain it in the Treasury, unemployed in any way, is impracticable. It is, besides, against the genius of our free institutions to lock up in vaults the Unsafe of the nation. To take from the people the right of bearing arms, and put their weapons of defence in the hands of a standing army, would be scarcely more dangetuus to their liberties than to permit the Government to accumu- late immense amounts of treasure beyond the supplies necessary to its legitimate wants : such a treasure would, doubtless, be employed, at some time, as it has been in other countries, when opportunity tempted ambition."

To collect money from the people, and then repay it to them, would be wasteful and foolish, and merely swell deposites in the banks, and " support a band of useless public officers." A redis- tribution would besides be impracticable on the principles of jus- tice : " it would be taking one man's property and giving it to another." To increase the funds of the Deposite Banks would likewise he dangerous • a fact which the working of the existing Deposite Act had proved.

" This Act, although certainly designed to secure the safe-keeping of the public revenue, is not entirely free in its tendencies from many of the objections which apply to this principle of distribution. The Government had without necessity received from the people a large surplus ; which, instead of being em- ployed as heretofore, and returned to them by means of the public expenditure, was deposited with smithy banks. The banks proceeded to make loans upon this surplus, and thus converted it into banking capital; and in this manner it has aided to multiply bank charters, and has hada great agency in producing a spirit of wild speculation. The possession and use of the property out of which this surplus was created belong to the people ; but the Government has transferred its possession to the incorporated banks, whose interest and effort it is to make large profits out of its use."

How could they proceed to redistribute the revenue even to the different States?

" By the ratio of direct taxation, for example, the State of Delaware, in the collection of 30,000,000 dollars of revenue, would pay into the ireasury 188,716 dollars; and in the distribution of 30,000,000 she would receive back from the Government, according to the ratio of the Deposite Bill, the sum of 305,122; and similar results would follow the comparison between the small and the large States throughout the Union; thus realizing to the small States an advantage which would be doubtless as unacceptable to them as a motive for incorporating the principle in any system which would produce it, as it would be inconsistent with the right and expectation of the large States. It was certainly the intention of that provision of the Constitution which declares

i

' all duties, imposts, and excise' shall ' be uniform throughout the United States,' to make the burdens of taxation fall equally upon the people in what- ever State of the Union they may reside. But svhat would be the value of such an uniform rule, if the monies raised by it could be immediately returned by a different one, which will give to the people of some States much more and to those of others much less than their fair proportions?"

Besides, were it ever so desirable, the President assures Con- gress that it is not authorized by the Constitution tocollect money from the people under the shape of revenue for the purpose of' dividing it, equally or unequally, among the States. The dangers of indirect taxation, by an assembly not immedi- ately responsible to the people, are forcibly pointed out ; and these dangers would all arise from the practice of making over to the State Legislatures the surplus of the general income.

"The State Legislatures, instead of studying to restrict their State expendi- tures to the smallest possible sum, will claim credit for their profusion, and harass the General Government for increased supplies. Practically, there would soon be but one taxing .power, and that vested in a body of men far removed from the people, in which the farming and mechanic interests would scarcely be represented. The States would gradually lose their purity as well as their independence; they would not dare to murmur at the proceedings of the Gene- ral Government, lest they should lose their supplies; all would be merged in a practical consolidation, cemented by wide.spread corruption, which could only be eradicated by one of those bloody revolutions which occasionally overthrow the despotic systems of the Old World."

How, then, are the difficulties of an accumulation of wealth in the national treasury to be obviated ? General JACKSON sees the remedy, but shrinks from recommending its application to the extent required-

" The safest and simplest mode of obviating all the difficulties which have been mentioned, is to collect only revenue enough to meet the wants of the Government, and let the people keep the balance of the property in their own hands, to be used for their own profit. Each State will then support its own Government, and contribute its due share towards the support of the General Government. There would be no surplus to cramp and lessen the resources of individual wealth and enterprise, and the banks would be left to their ordinary means."

Why not adopt this "safest and simplest mode of obviating all the difficulties?" The real reason is, that the American manufac- turers require the imposition of high duties on foreign imports, to enable them to stand their ground. America is now suffering in .9 way hitherto unprecedented, from the working of her prohibitory -system.

The currency question occupies a considerable part of the mes-

sage; and General JACKSON defends with much ability his mea- sures for restricting the circulation of batik-notes and procuring the importation of gold—especially his order that new land should • be sold only for specie. He recommends that the quantity of land '- sold to any but actual settlers should be limited, as a mode of checking wild land speculations, and of diminishing the revenue. With this view he also advises Congress to abolish the taxes oa salt, provisions, and coals.

The President attacks with unabated resolution the United States Bank, rechartered as it has been by the State of Pennsylvania. The new bank, he says, is essentially the same concern as the old; and the Government stock in the old bank, seven millions of dol- lars, has not been paid over to the Treasury, but is used as part of the capital of the new concern, in defiance of its proprietor and of the law. He calls upon Congress to act with vigour for the recovery of this property. The State Banks have proved them- selves amply able to do all that the United States Bank was established to perform, as far as the exchanges and the receipts and payments of Government money are concerned. The message concludes with an expression of gratitude by General JACKSON for the support he has received; and of pions confidence in the stability of' the free constitution of America-

" Though deeply sensible that my exertions have not been crowned with a success corresponding to the degree of favour bestowed upon me, I am sure that they will be considered as Navin; been directed by an earnest desire to promote the good of my country ; and I am consoled by the persuasion, that whatever errors have been committed will find a corrective in the intelligence and patriotism of those who will succeed me. All that has occurred during my administration is calculated to inspire me with increased confidence in the sta- bility of our institutions; and should I be spared to enter upon that retirement which is so suitable to my age and infirm health, and so much desired by me is other respects, 1 shall not cease to invoke that beneficent Being, to whose pro- vidence we are already so signally indebted, for the continuance of its blessings on our beloved country."