A sign from the gods
Andrew Lambirth talks to John Craxton about the recreation of his designs for Daphnis and Chloe
John Craxton (born 1922) is ..t painter who has spent much of his life in Greece. Growing up in an intensely musical family in Hampstead (his father was the first pianist to play Debussy in England, his sis
ter was a celebrated oboist), he was aware from a very early age of the infinite and magical connections between sound and the visual image. His subsequent work as a painter has all the structure one expects of a great composer: his are paintings which sing of their substance.
Craxton first went to Greece in 1946, staying on Poros, an island renowned for its ravishing charm (Lawrence Durrell called it 'the happiest place I have ever known'). In 1951, Craxton shared digs with Patrick Leigh Fermor. Apparently, Leigh Fermor's preferred regimen was to taverna-crawl by day and write by night. Craxton, ever the sociable, found painting by night difficult because of the lack of proper lighting. A big picture was on the go, but progress was somewhat hesitant. Then came a telegram from England.
Craxton already knew Frederick Ashton slightly, so the suggestion that he design a ballet for him was not completely unlikely, though it was unexpected. Suddenly the artist had to decide: stay in Greece and work on his picture, or up sticks and go back to London. The seductive Mediterranean or the ration books of old England? Uncertain what to do, Craxton went to see an old friend who happened to be ill in bed at the time, fiddled with his radio and tuned in to — Ravel. It was Daphnis and Chloe, the very music of Ashton's ballet.
A sign like that (no doubt from the gods themselves) cannot be ignored. Craxton returned to London, and in a very few months designed the decor for Ashton's ballet. Craxton made only one stipulation, that the costumes be modern dress, not ancient Greek, an idea that Ashton was open to. That was in 1951. The principal dancers were Margot Fonteyn and Michael Somes. Daphnis and Chloe was a notable success, and it has remained in the Covent Garden repertoire ever since, revived from time to time with new input from Craxton. Now it is being staged again. The main problem for the designer was that nearly all his designs, sets and costumes had been done away with, in one of those senseless purges which from time to time disfigure great institutions.
Only two costumes survived this petty holocaust — the ones which Margot Fonteyn had herself given to the Opera House's archive. Nor were there drawings from which the originals might be recreated, for many of them had come about through the combined efforts of Craxton, Ashton and Fonteyn. Time was short, and the three not only shared a common artistic aim, but also understood how the project might be realised. Costumes could even be improvised from a bolt of cloth, if necessary. For that original production, Craxton painted all the scenery by hand himself. To recreate it in 2004, he had to rely on his memory, a few photographs and the album cover of a Decca long-playing record of the ballet. Rather amazingly, Craxton has triumphantly summoned forth once more his enchanted island setting, with cave-mouth, vine pergola, barren rocks and fig and olive trees. I visited him at the Royal Opera House production workshops in Bow Industrial Park in east London. There he was putting the finishing touches to some olive trees, which he was painting on their sides.
He recalled his original task, more than half a century ago. 'I was very lucky at that time in Clement Glock, the woman who ran the paint department, who was a very good scene-painter, and rather a sophisticated person altogether. She had worked with Sutherland, Piper and Derain and people like that. Her idea was to get the painter to do his own scenery as much as possible, so that it actually looked as if he'd painted it rather than it being an imitation of his style. So that's what I did, working with enormous brushes on 60-ft lengths in the paint room at Covent Garden.' (The paint frame by which vast flats can be readily manipulated was done away with in the recent ROB makeover.) Craxton explains the ballet's plot, which features pirates, a near-rape and the intervention of Pan. 'There are two stories really — the original story by Longus (about 2ndor 3rd-century AD) which the ballet is based on, and the version that Diaghilev and Ravel came up with in 1912. The whole thing is very Arcadian — like a Pompeian Barbara Cartland novel. It's really a pastoral romance in which two young people, a girl and boy, awaken to sexual desire and fall in love.' Craxton used a late Greek story to convey what he knew about contemporary Greece. He enjoyed the challenge of it. 'What I wanted to avoid was a lack of unity between the decor and the dancers. I wanted them to be the same scale, which was much easier to achieve if I was painting the scenery myself and not having my drawings blown up by others.'
This was Craxton's first ballet, but the painting of scenery was relatively straightforward for an easel painter. He was, however, a novice costume designer, having no idea how to make a dress, and to begin with he was forced to rely on the wardrobe department. Requesting an absolutely classical lady's dress, he was presented with a 1938 short cocktail dress, as he describes it, 'off the shoulder, pleated — dreadful. I went to see what had been done with Margot and Freddie and I was practically in tears. I didn't know what to do or what to say. Margot was brilliantly clever and sensed the terrible state I was in with worry and disappointment and said, "I don't think this is really what John wants at all." So she got the material together and started to bunch it up and designed a costume with a tight bodice and loose skirt. Only Margot could have done that. We found a material called stockingette, which hung very well and dyed very well.
'What I tried to do was make a group of harmonic colours for the shepherdesses, so the colours relate together like a chord, leaving me freedom to have the temptress in Schiaparelli pink, and Chloe in yellow. When I first did the costumes I put Chloe in yellow, but because the lighting was so primitive then, her dress came out rather beige. There was a girl in the row of shepherdesses who was dressed in pink. Her dress shone out so brightly that Margot said, "I'm having that dress." But for this new production I've put Chloe in yellow as I wanted from the beginning. A simple naive girl wouldn't be wearing pink, but primrose yellow.'
The current decor is almost identical to the original production, though slightly more complicated. 'In 1951, the decor was very much simpler. It had one big backcloth in the first scene, and the tails, which are those flats on either side of the stage, were just plain blue material. There was no time to do anything to them. It was all an incredible rush, but that's showbiz. It was only for a later production that Freddie said, "What about making some tails with rocks and trees," and that's roughly what you see today.'
Now the rocks in scene two have been redesigned and painted porphyry red to make them more menacing, and there's a new drop curtain. The pirates are all dressed in black as Cretans. The ballet really looks like one of Craxton's own paintings come to life — 'It was the only honest way I could do it. I couldn't have done a pastiche of ancient Greece — it's not me. It was one of the first Mediterranean ballets, based on my own experiences in Poros and Crete.' For this reason. Craxton's sets have an authenticity which is as compelling as it is beguiling.
Daphnis and Chloe is in repertory at the Royal Opera House, Covent Garden, until 25 May. Ring 020 7304 4000 for details.
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