12 MAY 1933

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OFFICES : 99 Gower St. London, W.C. 1. Tel. :

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MUSEUM 1721. Entered 08 second-class Mall Matter at the New York N.Y. Post Office, Dec. 23rd, 1896. Postal subscription 30s. per annum, to any part of the world. Postage on this...

When Pacts Are Broken The most important . passage in

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Mr. MacDonald's speech - in the 'House. on Wednesday was that in Nr Welt he spoke of, the intention of the United States Government, in the event of the Disarmament Con- ference...

Mr. Gandhi's Fast There can be no question of the

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wisdom of the decision of the Government of India to release Mr. Gandhi on the beginning of his new fast. The reason for the fast itself remains as obscure as ever, though it...

News of the Week

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T HE deadlock, created by Germany at the Disarmament Conference continues, and the Conference has relapsed once more into private con- versations in the hope of finding some...

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Austria and the Nazis - A dangerous situation may well

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arise in Austria if the intention of various German Ministers to attend a Nazi demonstration in Vienna on Sunday is carried out. The Austrian Government is still fighting a hard...

Peru and the League The evolutions of the Peruvian navy,

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now in progress, are a matter of some interest to the League of Nations. A dispute, in which Peru is com- pletely and indisputably in the wrong, is now before_ the League...

The Right of Asylum The likelihood that a certain number

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of men of distinction unable to live safely in Germany may seek a home in this country, as so many refugees from political persecution have done in the past, makes it necessary...

Reforming the Police The White Paper indicating the action the

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Government intends to take regarding Lord Trenchard's proposals for the reform of the Metropolitan Police Force has not appeared as we go to press. But it would appear that the...

Russia and Japan The rumours of imminent war between Russia

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and Japan over the Chinese Eastern Railway have now given place to rumours of the proposed sale of the concern by Russia to Japan. There is nothing unlikely about this, for...

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Waterless Homes Everyone who lives in a country village knows

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that Lord Elmley's comments, in the House of Commons on Monday, on the badness of the average rural supply of water were none too severe. There are villages not forty miles from...

Parliament Our Parliamentary Correspondent writes : The chief event of

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the Parliamentary- week has been the Prime Minister's account of the results of his visit to Washington. Discretion had to be the better part of valour in reporting upon...

Plans for the Fishing Industry The Government's policy in iegard

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to fisheries, partly stated by Major Elliot last Monday, must be studied from two points of view : first, in so far as it concerns the ca t c hing and importation of fish, and...

Families and Houses A new aspect of the housing problem

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to which Sir Ernest Simon draws attention in The Times is highly pertinent. ' He shows that in Manchester it is the increase, not of the population, but of the number of...

The House in any case clearly liked the Washington visit

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better than the proposal to borrow £200,000,000 for the Exchange Equalization Fund. There were many protests against allowing the Government to indulge in secret exchange...

Finally Major Elliot has announced a policy for the fish

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industry, which adds one more to the groups of primary producers who are being encouraged to make themselves into self-governing guilds. Major Elliot at least knows what he is...

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Whose God is the State

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II ...RIM - EH:S . Unofficial foreign secretary has been in London this week sounding British opinion regarding Germany. He can have had little difficulty in reaching a...

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Slavery : The Uncompleted Task O NE hundred years ago next

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July Fowell Buxton was able to convey to his dying colleague, William Wilberforce, the welcome assurance that victory was about to crown their efforts—and on July 29th Wilber-...

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I have been trying to puzzle out Lord Eustace Percy's

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suggestion that "the increase in the number of families is due to the simple arithmetical .fact that there are more women in the reproductive age-group than ever before." This...

I have seldom seen less excitement at a mass meeting

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in Hyde Park than appeared at the May demonstration organized by the Labour movement last Sunday. Every- thing was very orderly, even among the Communist elements which marched...

A Speetator's Notebook

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T HE chances of Mr. Gandhi's surviving his twenty-one days' fast seem on the face of it small. It is true that the Mahatma fasted for that period in 1924, in the hope (which was...

Diogenes' daughter : "Colonel's widow will train gentlewoman in her

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world-famous kennel. Moderate terms. Live as family."—The Times, May 6th. JA-NUS.

Every poet, in my opinion, ought to do as Professor

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A. E. Housman has just done, and tell us how he wrote his poetry. The philosophers might avoid a lot of wasteful speculation if they had before them the actual evidence of all...

Sir John Simon told the House of Commons he had

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spoken quite frankly to Dr. Rosenberg. So, evidently, did Lady Oxford, judging by her account in the News-Chronicle of her interview with Herr Hitler's envoy. As to the ethics...

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Tractarianism and the National Life BY THE RT. REV. BISHOP

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KNOX. [An article on "The Oxford Movement : Our appeared in last Debt to the Tractarians," by .Lord Hugh Cecil, week's SPECTATOR.] IT is not proposed in this article to discuss...

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South Africa and the Native BY PROFESSOR W. M. MACMILLAN.

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S UCH is the unanimity established in South Africa, and such the completeness of the reconciliation achieved between the two Generals who lead the hitherto opposing parties,...

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The Protection of Wild Birds

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BY THE Thr. HON. EARL BUXTON. IIIHE Bill for the Further Protection of British Wild Birds has now passed through all its stages in the House of Lords, where it was introduced...

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The Old Music-School

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By A. L. ROWSE. F OR this early hour of the summer afternoon, a magic quiet has descended upon the stilled and sleepy room. Like Matthew Arnold, of whom I think, perambulating...

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Nach dem Festrausch

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[Vox EINEm DEUTSCHEN KoaliESPONnENTEN.I IN diesem Raum soll von dem berichtet werden, was • man in Deutschland Spricht. In Deutschland sprieht man gegenwartig nur von Politik....

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The Florence Festival

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THE city of Florence has set an example to all organizers of - festivals in its Maggio Musicale Fiorentino. The celebra- tions, which were begun in April and will continue until...

A Hundred Years Ago

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"Tun SPECTATOR," MAY 11.rn, 1833. IN PARLIAMENT: NEWSPAPER_ ADVERTISEMENTS.—Lord ALTHORP, On Monday, when the House went into a Committee on the Stamp' duties Act, moved that'...

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TORONTO SQUIRRELS.

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I have been making sonic enquiries about the behaviour of the musk-rat in his native country ; and have so far heard very_ little to his discredit. It is abroad that he behaves...

ENGLISH BULBS.

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There are no better bulbs grown in the world than round about Holbeach (where I am most familiar with our new bulb culture). Holland cannot, and does not, surpass us ; but it is...

Country Life

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THIS ENGLAND. Sometimes the beauty of England quite overwhelms one ; and this year the green vitality of the country seems to have penetrated into the heart of the towns. There...

One feature of the industry that steadily grows is the

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glass- house. One of the newer houses stands at the top of a gentle slope that announces a great experiment in land reclamation by - the Romans. So are our days bound each to...

A somewhat similar question (though the answer cannot be the

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same) was put to me many years ago by a wanderer along the South Coast. He found a line of white stones arranged along the cliff at a foot or so from the edge. It Was at first...

A STONY PROBLEM.

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The following queer query vexes the curiosity of a neighbour. On the edge of the grass lawn close to the gravel path are continually found small collections of pebbles of...

INSULAR BEET

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The politics of sugar beet are likely to flutter the dove-cotes. There is also a botanic difficulty that is troubling our men of science. When the industry was started little or...

AFRICAN SWIFTS

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Another query—about the migration of the swallow and the swift—has evoked from Johannesburg a letter which increases the mystery. "The swifts," says my correspondent, "arrived...

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Letters to the Editor

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[Correspondents are requested lo keep their loiters as brief as is reasonably possible. The most . suitable length is that of one of our News of the. Week- paragraphs.—Ed. THE...

• MR. GANDHI'S FAST

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[To the Editor of Tim SPECTATOR.] SIR,— Whilst it is natural for most of us to concentrate upon the spectacular features associated with Mr. Gandhi's fast, he himself has sought...

CONGRESS AND THE REFORMS

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[To the Editor of THE SPECTATOR.] SIR,—In The Spectator of March 31st, Sir Stanley Reed informs us that there is : " No possibility of the Congress, even if it revives, winning...

THE TRANSPORT BILL: A CRITICISM

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[To the Editor of THE SPECTATOR.] SIR,—The Transport Bill is not in the public interest. The Minister in charge of the measure confesses he does not know whether it will send...

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THE MOSCOW TRIAL [To the Editor of THE SPECTATOR.] SIR,—I

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have read with interest two letters' in your issue of April 23th on the Moscow Trial. I presume that your readers have so far only had access to the accounts of the trial...

MR. CHURCHILL'S ENGLAND - [To the Editor of THE SPECTATOR.]

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SIR,—Mr. Gedge's letter on this subject in your issue of May 5th, shows the enthusiasm of the welfare worker obscuring his clarity of vision or of expression. The offence of...

THE RAILWAY PROBLEM [To the Editor of THE SPECTATOR.] SIR.—I

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must express my regret for having incorrectly imputed to Mr. Wood the intention of estimating the " annual cost of the roads," . which, I quite agree, is not measurable by the...

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• - IoNgoN • TAxTcAits [To the Editor . of ThE . SPECTATOR.]

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S LR,—May I put in a word on behalf of the .sadly maligned London taxicab ? I think the majority .of taxi-users r if. not, indeed, all of then, will agree that to make. such--a...

THE OXFORD MOVEMENT

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[To the Editor of THE SPECTATOR.] SIR,—It is refreshing to see Lord Hugh Cecil's candour in defending with moderation a Movement with which his name is so popularly connected. I...

[To the Editor of THE SPECTATOR.] SIR,—There is a passage

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in Lord Hugh Cecil's article on the Oxford Movement which is open to serious misunderstanding, such as has already been produced by-previous Anglo-Catholic utterances. His...

GERMANY AND THE JEWS

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[To the Editor of THE SPECTATOR.] SIR,—Herr Wolf von Dewall, in his interesting article on the German situation in The Spectator of April 28th, deprecates "the deliberate...

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THE MARRANOS [To the Editor of TII E SPECTATOR.] Sin,—While

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thanking you for your kindly review of my History of the Marranos, may I venture to point out that they founded, not reinforced the community of Amsterdam ? The point is of...

THE LEISURE OF THE WORKLESS [To the Editor of THE

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SPECTATOR.] SIR, —In the issue of The Spectator, dated May 5th, Dr. Delisle Burns has an article on " The Leisure of the Workless." Would your readers like to know how one of...

WOMEN IN THE CHURCH [To the Editor of TIIE SPECTATOR.]

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S IR, —You write editorially under the above heading, "it is increasingly difficult to find a sufficient number of candidates for ordination in the Church of England." In view...

THE TAX ON BEER [To the Editor of THE SPECTATOR.]

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Sia,—May I mildly quarrel with the suggestion in your leading article that the reduction of the beer tax can be justified on financial grounds ? Mr.. Neville Chamberlain himself...

TRADE AGREEMENTS [To the Editor of THE SPECTATOR.]

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SuL—Why all this exuberance by protectionist papers and the boastful announcement of Mr. Runciman's that it was only by the tariffs that he was able to effect these trade...

Poetry

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Dr. Johnson TliE band went by, and lie grew sad to hear. Once only did Sweet music rouse in him, Who made confession of a stubborn ear, Concordance and reverberations dim....

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The Wink-Tipping Cordial

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BY ROSE MACA.ULAY. Hewx Far in the dreamy East there grows a plant whose native home is the Sun's Cousin's garden. Tun L.&nrEs: Oh, it is tea ! HAWK: It is. THE LA.DIES : To...

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Round and About Aristotle TIIAT very delightful person, Mary Kingsley,

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whose untimely death was a great loss to her country, declared that "if ever a great man was wasted on wooden-headed humanity, it was the Stagyrite,' as Mr. Gibbon calls him."...

Mr. Roosevelt's Programme

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Looking Forward. By Franklin D. Roosevelt. (William Heinemann. 7s. 6d.) "The people of the United States, in their hour of need, have registered a mandate that they want...

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A Popular Politician

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Jix, Viscount Brentford. By H. A. Taylor. (Stanley Paul. 21s.) OF this we may be sure" writes the author of this" authori- tative and official" biography, "Lord Brentford will...

Von Hiigel's Philosophy

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TIIE influence of Friedrich von Hugel on the deepest thought of our generation has steadily increased since his death. This is perhaps partly accounted for by the publication of...

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The Growth of Professionalism

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The Professions. By A. M. Carr-Saunders and P. A. Wilson. (Oxford : Clarendon Press. 25s.) Tin: authors of this critical survey of the field of professionalism embarked on their...

Beyond the Line

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Tan dramatic !and blood-stained history of the West Indies, -in the two centuries following their discovery by Columbus, is admirably sketched hy Professor Newton in his new...

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Pepys ?

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The Journals of Arnold Bennett, 1921-1928. Edited by Newman Flower. (Cassell. 10s. 6d.) THE reasons why so many people will eagerly read this new volume of Arnold Bennett's...

Essayists

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MR. LYND is an essayist whose consistency in part conceals his brilliance. Mr. Chesterton is an essayist whose brilliance condones his inconsistency. Miss Delafield is not here...

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A Short History of Girton

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Girton College : 1869-1932. By Barbara Stephen. (C'andiridge University Press. 3s. 6d.) AT the present time with the War and its consequences like great mountain that must be...

Dinner subscribers who are changing their addresses are asked to

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notify TEE SPECTATOR office BEFORE krIDDAY ON MOND/ 11 OF EACH WEEK. The previous address to which the paper has been sent and s receipt reference number should be quoted. •

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The Amazon

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The Amazing Amazon. By F. McDermott. (Lincoln Williams. 15s.) rn E River Amazon-8,500 miles long, in many places six m iles wide, and draining the largest basin of any river in...

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• ..aao

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• P:` Fiction By WILLIAM PLOMER The Thibaults : Parts -4 and. 4I: . By Roger Martin du Gard. (John Lane, The BOdley Head. 7s. 6d.) The New Bridge. By Meyer Levin. (Gollancz....

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DUNLOP PROGRESS.

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The annual report of the Dunlop Rubber Company is an encouraging dm. There is a recovery to note in earning power while the balance-sheet is a strong one. The gross profit for...

Finance—Public & Private

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Problems for the Investor THE lot of the investor at the present time is certainly not a happy one. If he elects to pursue the motto of "safety first" and resorts to British...

Financial Notes

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A STRIKING ISSUE. So far as " size " is concerned, the dominant feature of the loan issues of the past week has been the offer of an India 4 per cent. loan for £12,000,000 at...

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NORTH BRITISH AND MERCANTILE INSTJRANCE.

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The annual report 'Of the - North British and Mercantile Insurance COmpany is to be commended both for the go o d results :disclosed and for the clearness' with which the figur...

EAGLE STAR NEW CAPITAL.

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It would seem from the policy which 'is now being pursued by the Directors of the - Eagle Star and' British 'Dominions Insurance Company that there is confidence as regards...

A GOOD INDUSTRIAL REPORT.

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The report of the Ever Ready Company shows that the profits for the last financial year amounted to £348,473, being an increase of about £11,000 compared with the previous year....

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At the recent annual meeting of Spilleri, Ltd., the Chairman, Sir Maldolm - Robertson, was able to present a good report to the shareholders and a strong - balance-sheet, but at...

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MARKS AND SPENCER. Possibly it may be, as an indirect result of general depression and a demand for cheaper articles, the report of Marks and Spencer for the past year shows a...