12 SEPTEMBER 1908

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The character of the electoral campaign of the Committee of

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Union and Progress is foreshadowed by the Constantinople correspondent of the Times in Tuesday's paper. The Com- mittee will not unnaturally "run" their own candidates, but they...

The Persian correspondent of the Times announced 'on Wednesday that

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an identical British and Russian Note was presented to the Shah on Tuesday drawing his attention to the disturbances in the provinces, and especially to the danger to foreigners...

NEWS OF THE WEEK.

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T HE international negotiations as to Morocco have not yet led to any definite act. But the French and Spanish Governments have been unremitting during the week in drawing up...

The position of Mulai Hafid becomes daily stronger. Abd-ul-Azin has

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abandoned the struggle, and is waiting near Casablanca to hear what his future is to be. The Tangier correspondent of the Times says in Tuesday's paper : "It is astonishing how...

The semi-official North. German Gazette of Wednesday has an important

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article on German Imperial finances, which is summarised in Thursday's Times. The need for a thorough reorganisation of the entire financial system is emphasised by a...

The signs of danger slightly outweigh the reassuring facts in

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the week's news from Turkey; but nothing has gone too far to be remedied if the Young Turk Committee has the will and the ability. Among the good news is the announcement on...

a * The Editors cannot undertake to return Manuscript, in any

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case.

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The last Indian mail brought the text of the striking

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letter by the Aga Khan, the most prominent of the Indian Mohammedans, which was read at the opening meeting of the Deccan Provincial Moslem League. This is a branch of the...

The doctrines to which Mr. Shackleton assents are in many

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cases disputable, or even dangerous, but we gladly recognise the temperate tone of his address—his reference to Anglo- German relations in particular—and the moderating...

The resolution passed by the Labour Party on Anglo. German

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relations has elicited an outspoken letter from Herr Bebel addressed to Mr. Ramsay Macdonald, M.P. The Socialist leader, who endorses the view expressed in the resolution,...

Mr. Taft opened his campaign for the American Presidential Election

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on Saturday last at Youngstown, Ohio. His recep- tion was most cordial, and the large number of Trade- Unionists present showed that the Labour vote will not all be cast for Mr....

The Trade-Union Congress opened on Monday at Nottingham. Mr. Shackleton,

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M.P., who delivered the presidential address, recognised the "great step" made by the Old-Age Pensions Act, but declared it was the duty of Trade - Unionists to work for the...

The Board of Trade Returns for August show greatly decreased

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values in both imports and exports. The &dins in imports amounts to 26,544,396, while exports have decreased by 27,012,368, the decline in articles wholly or mainly...

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Yet, as the Westminster Gazette points out, even now the

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exports for the first eight months are six and a half millions more than in the corresponding period in 1906, and it is only with the " record " figures of 1907 that those of...

Perhaps the most helpful commentary on these figures, and on

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the gloomy reports of unemployment in our great industrial centres, is to be found in the admirable speech of Mr. Franklin Pierce, the distinguished American Free-trader, who...

The week has been remarkable for the activity and achieve-

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ments of aeronauts and aviators. On Sunday last the French, military dirigible balloon 'Republique' made a journey lasting six and a half hours from Chalais-Meudon vid Paris to...

The Eucharistic Congress was opened on Wednesday by a solemn

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service in Westminster Cathedral. Cardinal Vincenzo Vannntelli, the Papal Legate, was met at the great door by the Archbishop of Westminster, and was conducted to the' high...

The prevention of tuberculosis was under discussion at the British

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Association on Tuesday, when Sir Robert Matheson, the Registrar-General for Ireland, described the campaign started in that country at the instance of Lady Aberdeen. On the same...

The impending sale of Lord Devon's estate in County Limerick

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has led to friction between the rural occupiers and the town tenants, who wish the sale to be delayed until they are included. A meeting at which four Members of Parlia-...

Bank Bate, 24 per cent., changed from 3 per cent.

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May 28th. ()wools (24) were on Friday 86—on Friday week 85g.

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TOPICS OF THE DAY.

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AUSTRALIAN PROBLEMS. B Y one of those rather unforeseen effects which make the affairs of the Empire so vividly interesting, as well as incalculable, the visit of the United...

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THE EUCHARISTIC CONGRESS.

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I T is typical of the national detachment from the practice and institutions of the Church of Rome that the Eucharistic Congress now being held at West- minster should come upon...

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THE TOLSTOY CELEBRATION.

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O N Thursday Count Leo Tolstoy was eighty years old, and the civilised world paid its tributes to the most renowned of living writers. There are many authors, not Russians,...

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AGRICULTURE AND THE COUNTRYMAN'S IDEAL.

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A COMPARISON of the papers read on certain agri- cultural questions before the British Association at Dublin emphasises some rather interesting contrasts. They have chiefly to...

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INFANCY AND THE STATE.

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P ROFESSOR RIDGE WAY'S address as President of the Anthropology Section of the British Association contained a serious warning against a little-noticed tendency in our dealings,...

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HUMOURING.

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P UBLIC opinion nowadays is against coercion. The man who would rule, in however large or small a sphere, must know how to humour. It is more than half the art of government,...

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TIIE BOYS' BRIGADE. [COMMUNICATED.]

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T HE Royal review at Glasgow. on Saturday last of the Glasgow Battalion of the Boys' Brigade, and of representative boys from other battalions and companies throughout the...

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THE FINEST WALK IN THE WORLD.

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D EEP in the south-west corner of New Zealand ; far from the familiar scenes of travel, lies the celebrated Milford Sound,—an inlet of the sea said to surpass in magnificence...

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LETTERS TO THE EDITOR.

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THE GERMAN FOREIGN OFFICE AND MOROCCO. [To TIM EDITOR OP TRII "SPROTAT011."] SI11, — It is a curious coincidence that the article of the Pan- German writer Dr. Wirth in the...

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BRITISH WOMEN FOR GREATER BRITAIN.

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(TO T It EDITOR 0 TH " SP ROTATOR.' ] . SIR,-If the British Empire is to persist for an indefinite period, there must be a change from the policy of laissez-faire and the lack...

ACT FIRST, INQUIRE AFTERWARDS.

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[TO THE EDITOR OF THE "SPECTATOR?'1 Sin,—The comic report comes to us that a member of the Government, and one likely to have had a great hand in the Pension Bill, having...

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CHURCH FINANCE. LTD TOR EDITOR OF TIIR si.turrArop-^ SIR,—May I

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offer a word about existing societies P Canon Greig (Spectator, August 22nd) thinks that the vested interests of these societies are "the liou in the path" of the reforms that...

STATE FORESTS.

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[To THE EDITOR Or THE " SPECTATOR:1 SIR,—In your issue of August 8th in commenting on the letter contributed by " Scotia " you express doubt regarding the advisability of the...

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OLD-AGE PENSIONS.—CANON BLACKLEY'S SCHEME.

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t To THE EDITOR OF THE "SPECTATOR."] was pleased to see in a letter in the Spectator of the 5th inst., written by an old friend, Canon Cowley-Brown of Edinburgh, the embodiment...

SCIENCE AND SOCIAL REFORM.

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[To THE EDITOR OF THE "SPECTATOR."] SIR,—The presidential address of Mr. Francis Darwin at the British Association has revived the old controversy as to the inheritance of...

(To THE EDITOR OF THE "SPECTATOR.] SIB,—(1) The late Canon

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George Venables never ceased to advocate the simple and feasible plan of starting a fund in every parish for endowment or increase of endowment. He advised that as soon as £100...

[To THE EDITOR 07 THE " S P ECTLTOIL"]

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Sr,—In the interesting article on colour photography in the Spectator of last week the writer seems to have left out of account one fact which, I think, destroys his argument...

PHOTOGRAPHY IN COLOURS.

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[To THE EDITOR OF THE " SPECTATOR."] SIR,—Will you permit me a few words of comment on the very interesting article on "Photography in Colours" which appeared in last week's...

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ELECTED OFFICERS. •

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[TO TIER EDITOR OP TIER 'SPHCFAT011." SIR,—In a recent interview with Mr. Will Thorne, M.P., the Paris Matin reports him as saying that in his projected Socialist Citizen Army...

WEST AFRICAN SECRET SOCIETIES.

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[TO THE EDITOR OF THE "SPECTATOR.".1 Sr,—.Will you permit me to refer to Mr. Fred. Edmondson's letter on the West African Regiment in the Spectator of August 15th? He says that...

NEW MAPS FOR OLD.

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[To THE EDITOR or Tllt "SPECTATOR." J SIR,—Your correspondents in last week's Spectator who mention that the Ordnance Survey maps are almost unknown to the public, and therefore...

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GROSS INCOMES AND INCOME - TAX. rro TEl EDITOR Or TEl "SPZETATOR. ^ 3

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STR, — Referring to your "News of the Week" note in the last issue upon the Report of the Inland Revenue Commissioners for the year ending March 31st, you have made a misleading...

IN PRAISE OF THE PROVINCIAL SUBURB.

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[To THE EDITOR OF TEE "SPECTATOR."] Sra,—Hundreds of your readers must, in common with "London Suburbanite" (Spectator, August 29th), have risked a guess at the identity of the...

"A LAUGHING MATTER."

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[To THE EDITOR Or THU " SFRCTATOR."3 SIE, — In the kindly and discriminating review of my novel, "A Laughing Matter," printed in your issue of Septem- ber 5th a very interesting...

(To THE EDITOR OF TEl "SPICCTATOIL."1 Sin, — At the Revival of

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Letters, and even later, it was a keenly debated question whether it was from defective Nature- study that the Greek and Roman poets always made the female bird the singer,—not...

(TO Till EDITOR OF THE "SPECTATOR.") Sin,—Your sense of fairness

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will, I feel sure, admit a word in ' favour of the much-abused Government Department which issues the Ordnance maps. Some time ago (in July, to be precise) I wished to obtain...

"DELENDA EST PASSER."

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Pro Till EDITOR Or TEl " arnorwroml have read with interest the letter of "Senex " in the Spectator of August 29th, but would ask with all respect and humility whether it is to...

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[To THE EDITOR OF THE " SPECTATOR:9 SIB,—" The King's

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English" (Clarendon Press, 1906, 5s. net) has the following remarks on the above subject :— "A difficult question arises with relatives after than. In the next two examples whom...

POETRY.

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And viewed the glories of the bay. We moderns come in jaded mood To seek a careless holiday. For one blest moon we'll cat the bridge That links us to this complex life, And...

[To THE EDITOR OF THE "SPECTATOR:]

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Sra,—You err with Milton :— " Which when Beelzebub perceived, than whom, Satan except, none higher sat." —"Paradise Lost," Book II. Your usage is quite idiomatic, I...

"THAN WHOM."

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[To THE EDITOR OF THE " SPECTATOR:] Sin,—May I be allowed to say that I agree with Mr. M. Wilkins (Spectator, September 5th) that the phrase "than whom" is ungrammatical P And...

A CORRECTION.

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[TO THE EDITOR OF THE "SPECTATOR:9 Stn,—I see that in one of your "News of the Week" para. graphs last week you speak of "Port Arthur and Kwang- tung." Forgive me for pointing...

[TO THE EDITOR OF THE "SPECTATOR:1

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regret that you did not append an editorial note to the letter regarding "than whom" in your last issue. In colloquial speech most Lowland Scotsmen use " than " as a preposition...

NOTICE.—When Articles or "Correspondence" are signed with the writer's name

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or initials, or with a pseudonym, or are marked "Communicated," the Editor must not necessarily be held to be in agreement with the views therein expressed or with the mode of...

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BOOKS.

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A MEMORY OF GLADSTONE.* EARLY in 1890 Mr. Gladstone paid a visit to All Souls College, of which he was an Honorary Fellow. He came in the way in which any visitor of the same...

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A SUMMER TOUR IN FINLAND.* IN one place in this

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book the authoress describes a conversa- tion with a passing acquaintance in which these words occur : "'You like to write ? ' she asked politely, but questioningly. No, I...

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THE HEART OF GAMBETTA.* THE letters in this volume, which

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begin in February, 1873, and end in September, 1882, and which leas than a year ago appeared in the Revue de Paris, constitute an important, but in parts slightly hysteric,...

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RECENT VERSE.*

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IT is rare indeed that a prize poem attains the excellence of Mr. St. John Lucas's Gallic , . The conditions of the Oxford prize for a poem on a sacred subject make it a...

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THE QUEENS OF EGYPT.*

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SUCH a book as this must in some measure be taken on trust, for few know enough of the science of Egyptology to criticise it adequately. This, at least, is the first impression...

BRITISH IMPERIALISM IN THE EIGHTEENTH CENTURY.* ALL students of eighteenth-century

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history will be grateful to Mr. Hertz, if only for two of the essays in this volume, those on the Jewish Emancipation Bill of 1753 and the * British imperia/isrn is, ths...

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BACK TO THE LAND.* IT is interesting to look at

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a book like A Little Land and a Living, but it is hardly to be expected that it should sell in this country. Our people do not go back to the land to grow sweet corn, lima...

NOVELS.

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FURTHER EXPERIENCES OF AN IRISH R.M.* THE wide and richly deserved popularity of the authors of this volume was illustrated not long ago in a rather curious manner. A French...

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A Pawn in the Game. By W. H. Fitchett. (Smith,

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Elder, and Co. 6s.)—Dr. Fitchett shows himself at his best, as might be expected, in narrative, and especially when the narrative is historical. The scenes in Egypt, the life of...

The Harvest Moon. By J. S. Fletcher. (Eveleigh Nash. 6s.)

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—Mr. Fletcher does not quite convince us that a man could be so weak—especially if he were of an amiable disposition—as to behave as badly as the gentleman who passes himself...

The Letters of Cortes to Charles V. Translated and Edited,

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with Introduction and Notes, by Francis Augustus MacNutt. 2 vols. (G. P. Putnam's Sons. 42s. net.)—These letters cover the period from 1519 to 1526, and contain the narrative of...

SOME BOOKS OF THE WEEK.

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[Under 11.is hearring we notice such Books of the week as hare not been reserved for review in other forms.] In the "Century Bible " — General Editor, Walter F. Adeney, D.D.—we...

The Spiritual Ascent. (Burns and Oaths. 2s. 6d. net.)—This is

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a devotional treatise by Gerard of Zutphen, one of the brethren of Deventer, and showing very much the same characteristics as are to be seen in the " De Imitatione." I brief...

READABLE NOVELL—Golden Threads. By Ernst Zahn. Trans- lated from the

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German by Muriel H. Trollope. (Hutchinson and Co. 6s.)—A good story of life in a little Alpine community.— My Lost Self. By Arthur Marchinont. (Cassell and Co. Os.)— The tale of...

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Royal Colonial Institute: Proceedings 1907 - 98. Edited by the Secretary. (Northumberland

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Avenue, W.C.)—We need hardly say that this volume is, as usual, interesting from beginning to end. Sir Alfred Sharpe's valuable paper on "Nyasaland" begins with some curious...

The Romance of Northumberland. By A. G. Bradley. (Methuen and

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Co. 7s. 6d. net.)—Mr. Bradley treats a subject full of interest of many kinds with his accustomed skill. He begins by claiming for Northumberland its proper place, vindicating,...

Cruikshank. By W. H. Chesson. (Duckworth and Co. 2s. and

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2s. 6d. net.)—This is a volume of "The Popular Library of Art.' As to the illustrations there can be no doubt. There are more than fifty of them, and they represent Cruikshank's...

A Short History of Greece. By Walter S. nett. (Methuen

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and Co. 3s. 6d.)—This book, which certainly, has the merit of giving much in a small space and at a small price, may fairly claim a place among historical manuals. The account...

Messrs. E. Smith and Son have sent us their Tape

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Indicator Map of London. This is a most ingenious contrivance. The method used in atlases for indicating the position of the places given in the index is used with a difference....

Students' Life and Work in the University of Cambridge. By

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Karl Breul, Litt.D. (Bowes and Bowes, Cambridge. 1s. net.) Dr. Breul sketches in a graphic way the life of a Cambridge under- graduate, its sportive and its serious side; tells...

Income Tax Accounts and How to Prepare Them. (Sir Isaac

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Pitman and Sons. 2s.)—This book contains directions for the preparation of Income-tax returns, the most important details being naturally what deductions may and what may not be...

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Historical Table, 4000 B.C.-1900 A.D. By Lady Louise Loder. (West,

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Newman, and Co. 10s. 6d.; 12s.; 5s. unmounted.)—This chart measures, we may say, eight and three-quarter feet by two and a quarter. Each century has a column allotted to it, the...