16 AUGUST 1924

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. We are more hopeful than ever before of peace

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in Europe.' 'As we recorded last week, the knotty problem of settling by .what means Germany should be declared, if necessary, 'in default" was settled With a rush at the last...

NEWS OF THE WEEK.

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O N Theidity the Doil Eireann assembled to hear Mr. Coigrave's 'statement on the Boundary Question. Mr. Cosgrave spoke for about three quarters of an hour, and his speech is...

In spite of this, there were one or two phrases

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which were of a more hopeful character. For example, Mr. Cosgrave described it as a calumny to allege that he and his friends are "seeking territory Out of the jurisdiction of...

Of course, he is in law estopped from that line

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of argument by his consenting to have recourse to the ' British . Parliament to alter the words in which an agreement made• with a body• of British subjects then in arms against...

EDITORIAL AND PUBLISHING OFFICES:

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13 York Street, Covent Garden, London, W.C. 2. A SUBSCRIPTION IO THE SPECTATOR Costs Thirty Shillings per annum, including postage to any part of the world.

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The London correspondent of the Manchester Guardian related in the

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issue of Friday, August 8th, how the negotiations for the Russian Treaty—wittily described as "ati agreement 'to agree if' and' when' the parties can agree "—was saved from...

Surely there can be nothing but danger in the retention

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of French troops in the Ruhr when once the economic eontrol of that district has been restored to Germany. As everyone knows, the position of occupying troops in a foreign...

It is curious and rather amusing to notice the distress

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of the Riga correspondent of the Times at the tremendous jubilation in Russia over the provisional signing of the Treaty. Soviet newspapers speak of this formal asso- ciation...

Till there is a settlement on this point the Allied

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Conference can do little more business, and interest is really transferred for the time being from the Conference to the bargaining that is going on between France and Germany...

Alrthe evidence indicates that the riots, which occurred almost simultaneously .

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at places far distant from' one another, were due to external influences. It is natural to suppose that the' White 'Flag Society, which is -sub- sidized from Cairo and whose...

Serious riots occurred in the Sudan last Saturday and Sunday.

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At Atbara an Egyptian railway battalion held a demonstration and destroyed a good deal of property. On Monday they were prevailed upon to return to barracks, but when they were...

Finally we trust that Germany as well as France will

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not forget for an instant what terribly important issues depend upon the success of the Dawes scheme. From the German point of view it 'would be wholly gain for Germany to have...

The Government here will only be confirmed in their opinion,

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which has been already plainly expressed. The Sudan is not Egypt, and Egypt has no right whatever, legal, trioral or historical, to govern '('or rather to mis- govern), it....

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No doubt they would be breaking the law if they

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pro- ceeded to resist distraint, but they do not go so far as that. We have always pleaded for consideration for the genuine conscientious objector, though we admit that there...

. The Food Preservatives Committee of the Ministry of Health

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issued on Monday an Interim Report on the treatment of chilled foods by formaldehyde. They point out that formaldehyde, a 40 per cent. solution of which in water is known as...

. The Government are likely to hear a good deal

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more about the Lord Chancellor's action in removing Mr. E. A. Dent, of Brough, Yorkshire, from the. Bench of Magistrates. The Lord Chancellor's declared reason for his act was...

Mr. Edward Shortt, who.-was formerly Home Secretary, contributed to the

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Daily Express of Friday, August 8th, an article on the death penalty in which he argued that the grave responsibility of recommending a reprieve or the reverse should no longer...

One point in Mr. Davis's speech has caused surprise which

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is by no means confined to his opponents. He stated that the Washington Conference for the limitation of armaments was "of doubtful .value," and that apart from that the United...

Last- Sunday, Mr. John W. Davis formally accepted the Democratic

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nomination for the American Presidential Electiod. His speech was broadcast throughout the United States. The Times correspondent says that Mr. Davis preached the orthodox...

The Westminster Gazette of Monday published a very interesting and

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powerful plea by a railway expert for a reduction in long-distance railway fares. At present the fares are practically killing voluntary travel for long distances. It is cheaper...

Bank Rate,4 per cent., changed from 8 per cent. July5th,1928.

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5 per cent. War Loan was on Thursday, 101* ; Thursday week, 1O1; a year ago, 101i. 81 per cent. Conversion Loan was on Thursday, 771; Thursday week, 77* ; a year ago, 79.

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TOPICS OF THE DAY.

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THE CONFERENCE. T HE London Conference will accomplish the work it set out to do, and so will help to bring about an improved moral, political, and intellectual situation in...

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SEX EDUCATION.

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T' 4 idea that education on questions connected with sex is necessary, is, of course, of very recent growth. I am amazed even now at the number of young people who are being...

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RUSSIA AND COMMON SENSE.

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THERE are only three possible attitudes which the Government of this country can adopt' tuvrards the disturbing phenomenon of a Bolshevist Russia. it has now adopted all three...

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THE EVOLUTION OF THE IRISH FREE STATE WITHIN THE EMPIRE.

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EY EVELYN WRENCH. F OR better or for worse the publication of the official correspondence between His Majesty's Govern- ment and the Government of the United States respecting...

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THE MIND OF , THE MURDERER.

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T O murder a man under provocation is an eternal sin. But it is one we can easily understand. It is the sudden breakdown of patience, the surrender of that human consciousness...

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ARCHITECTURAL NOTES.

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. TWO UN-BUILT PALACES. In 1697 the old Palace-of Whitehall—described by St. Simon as 'the largest and worst built Palace in Europe—was burnt down, and for 130 years the...

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[To the Editor of the SPECTATOR.] Sra,—Your challenge last week

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to the leaders of the Unionist Party was a splendid effort. There must be a new spirit infused into the directors of a party that should be the great National Party of Britain,...

iTo the Editor of the SPECTATOR.] Sin,—You say : "We

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are not content to live on a category of negatives," forgetting—if you will allow me to say so— that the Decalogue is little else, since only one of the ten commandments, the...

LETTERS TO THE EDITOR.

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THE UNIONIST PARTY. [To the Editor of the SPECTATOR.] SIR,—If criticism and advice can save the Unionist Party its future ought to be assured. But if, as some of us believe,...

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THE BISHOP OF OXFORD'S BILL.

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[To the Editor of the SPECTATOR.] Sin,—Yes, I could quote inaccuracies and irrelevancies even in the speeches 'of the great men who opposed the Bishop of Oxford's Bill, and...

THE IRISH BOUNDARY QUESTION.

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[To the Editor of the SPECTATOR.] Six,—The present trouble about Ireland is due to the admin- istrative muddling of the Government. When a Commis- sioner is appointed by the...

SEX-DETERMINATION.

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[To the Editor of the SPECTATOR.] SIR,—If there has been a good deal of stir in the newspapers recently over my claim that the sex of a child can be deter- mined in advance, it...

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[To the Editor of the SPECTATOR.] SIR,—Adverting to your interesting

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article under the above title in your current issue, I would like to say that if the imported German goods exactly fitted the requirements of the unemployed here, your...

THE REAL BAR TO INDIAN SELF- GOVERNMENT.

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[To the Editor of the SPECTATOR.] SIR,—I very much regret that a fellow-countryman of mine should describe, as your correspondent 'signing himself "An Indian" has described,...

REPARATIONS AND BRITISH PROS- PERITY.

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[To the Editor of the SPECTATOR.] Sin,—May I venture a few observations in regard to your leading article on "Reparations and British Prosperity" in the issue of August 9th? You...

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[To the Editor of the SPECTATOR.] SIR,—By your leave I

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will ask some questions of your corres- pondent, "An Indian" (Spectator, August 2nd), and supply an answer. Who allowed the Indian population to increase ? The English. Who put...

AN ACKNOWLEDGMENT.

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[To the Editor of the SPECTATOR.] wish through the medium of the Spectator to thank all those who have so kindly responded to my query, sending along copies of the Nineteenth...

"MEMOIRS OF A JUSTIFIED SINNER."

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[To the Editor of the SPECTATOR.] SIR,—This remarkable book was reprinted or reissued in the year 1828 with a cancel title page, as "The Suicide's Grave " ; and in 1837 was...

EXTRACTS FROM LETTERS.

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Tan ART OF JOSEPH CONRAD.—Mr. F. Sidney Webber writes .—Your very meagre notice in last week's Spectator on the passing of Joseph Conrad will have both surprised and...

"MADRIGALS AND CHRONICLES."

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[To the Editor of the SPECTATOR.] SIR,—With reference to your appreciative notice (in the issue of the Spectator for August 9th) of my publication, Madrigals and Chronicles,...

POETRY.

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ON A NAME SCRATCHED UPON A WINDOW. DEEP do the letters bite that spell the name, Though the last strokes waver as the hand grows weak, Holding firm the diamond lest it slip...

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A BOOK OF THE MOMENT.

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AN ARISTOCRAT OF THE SOUL. The Journal of George Fox. With an Introduction by Rufus M. Jones, LL.D. A Revised Text. Prepared and Edited by Norman Penney, F.S.A. (j. M. Dent and...

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BOOKS.

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THIS WEEK'S BOOKS. " When the oath was adapted to make it fit for a Christian to swear" these clauses were omitted ; we will leave it to those who buy the book to discover Mr....

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FREUD.

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Sigmund Freud. By Fritz Witte's. Translated by E. and C. Paul. (Allen and Unwin. 10s. 6d. net.) SOMEWHERE or other Stekel relates that two patients at an English psychoanalytic...

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HAMPTON COURT.

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A Short History of Hampton Court to the Death of Charles I. By Ernest Law, C.B. (Bell. 6s. net.) THERE is about Hampton Court an air of happiness and ease —of holiday-making...

FIVE BOOKS ON AFRICA.

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Andrew Young of Shensi. By J. C. Keyte. (Carey Press. 6s. ) Big Game and Pygmies : Experiences of a Naturalist in Central African Forests in Quest of the Okapi. By Cuthbert...

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MR. ST. JOHN ERVINE ON THE THEATRE.

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MR. Sr. JOHN ERVINE, like most people of perception who know the industrial parts of this island, is a sociologist and a pessimist, and in his new book on the theatre he has...

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FICTION;

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THE PHILOSOPHER'S STONE. The Philosopher's Stone. By J. /Wier Larsen. (Gyldendal. 75. 6d.) RELIGION has given a theme to many great novels, The Brothers Karamazov among them....

THE EARLY TORIES.

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A History of the Tory Party, 1640-1714. By Keith Felling. (Oxford : at the Clarendon Press. 188. net.) TIIE Honour School of Modern History at Oxford was at one time wont to be...

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THE EPISTLE TO THE HEBREWS. By James Moffatt, D.D. (Edinburgh

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: T. and. T. Clark. 12s.) This fine specimen of Scottish scholarship, which appears in the International Critical Commentary, and is appropriately dedicated to the memory of A....

SHORTER NOTICES.

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REVOLUTIONARY NEW ENGLAND, 1691-1776. By James Truslow Adams. (Boston : Atlantic Monthly Press, $5.00.) If Anglo-American friendship depended on historians' views of events...

" It is a well-known fact," wrote Lord Clarendon, "that the

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Times. forms _or guides or reflects-. . the-public opinion of England." Knowing the standards of Delane and Reeve one might judge e. that public opinion in the 'fifties should...

OTHER NOVELS.—New Friends in Old Chester. By Margaret Deland. (John

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Murray. 7s. 6d.)—Lovers of Mrs. Deland's graceful and attractive writing will hardly need a finger-post to her new volume. It contains three stories long enough for the...

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FINANCE—PUBLIC & PRIVATE.

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[Ry OUR CITY EDITOR.] CONFERENCE HOPES: THE RUSSIAN TREATY. [To the Editor of the SPECTATOR.] Sin,—The main features of the past week as affecting the City have been of a...

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FINANCIAL NOTES.

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In considering the further improvement Which has taken place in sterling as reflected in American currency during the last few weeks, it is rather important to note the nature...