16 FEBRUARY 1929

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On Monday the expected agreement between the Pope and the

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King of Italy was signed on their behalf. The years since 1870 are but as yesterday in the history • of the Papacy' and of the Eternal City, but the event is a great one in...

The Committee of Experts upon Reparations have got to work

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in - Paris. Its proceedings are private, and we can only wish success to their inquiries and deliberations. They IiitW done the obviously right thing in making Mr. Owen Young...

News of the Week

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'FRE Empire rejoices thankfully that- his Majesty the King has been successfully removed to the Sussex Mast. We are net to consider that this implies convalesc- ence, but that...

The 'Rouge of Commons has been making progrero: towards - the

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'report stage' of the Vocal 'GO%-ermnent Bills for England and Scotland. Working to a time-table upOn . .. intricate - 'lulls, the House got rthiough 'Mich drudgery in the past...

EDITORIAL AND PUBLISHING OFFICES : 13 York Street, Covent Garden,

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London, W .C. Subscription to the SPECT ATOR costs Thirty Shillings per annum, including postage,_ to any part of the world. The SPECTATOR is registered as a NeWspaper. The...

[Signed articles do not -necessarily represent the views of the

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SPECTATOR.] 1_

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The disorder in Colombo, mainly directed against the Ceylonese police,

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has subsided, but the trouble in Bombay has been more serious. The riots there in which 116 perSona have been killed and some 700 injured are an object lesson of what would...

This week, when the Spectator closes its fund for Aberdare,

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with pride and gratitude: to those who have so generously supported it, we are not going to judge elsewhere between the managers, the Miners' Federation or the Industrial Union....

On Tuesday the Bill of the' Corporation Of I.ondOn to

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extend the time. for the building of the proposed St. Paul's _Bridge was _ defeated. That. veteran Londoner, Sir William Bull, Sir.Mar tin Conway, a true . connoisseur, and Lord...

The disturbance of our old two party system is being

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illustrated in the by-eleetions; In Lord Howe's old seat, South Battersea, the Labour candidate, Mr. Bennett, won the seat by a majority of 576 over the Unionist, from whom, if...

The Trade Returns for. January are satisfactory in so far

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as they show increases in the totals of imports and eXports. The higher increase .. is* in import's, and Puts' the balance more against us. However, the imports include...

On Tuesday also an announcement was made in the Lower

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Honk; on behalf of the TreaSury, Which gives us great satisfaction. An agreement has been reached with the Free State GoVernment upon the question raised by the action brought...

The Chamber of Princes has*openecl its session in the Parliament -

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Building in NeW Delhi, and declared the British . connexion . to be - the esSential_ condition of any readjustments in _India. The relatiOns of the princes, who ride more than a...

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The Treasury did well when Major-General J. B. Seely was

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appointed Chairman of the National Savings, Committee, for no man has a more infectious energy. His . Committee has evolved two new schemes, which we wish to commend to...

Europe is in the grip of " the coldest spell

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since the ace-age." In Great Britain we are only on the fringe of it. In Vienna there have been forty-eight degrees of frost, the Danube is frozen and the water supply is...

A sequel to the ratification of the Treaty for the

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Renunciation of War, rather than to the passing of the Cruiser Bill, has appeared in a resolution introduced into the Senate at Washington by Senator Capper, the well-known...

There has been a check in the negotiations between China

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and Japan over the settlement of the Tsinan incident. Japan has not yet withdrawn the troops which she sent to Shantung during the Nationalist advance last year. Any agreement...

The whole creation of these savings certificates is of great

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value to the Treasury, of still more to the nation in encouraging thrift, and is an admirable object lesson Upon the theory that we have preached for many years, namely, that...

Bank Rate, 51 per cent., changed from 41 per cent.,

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on February 7th, 1929. War Loan (5 per cent.) was on Wednesday 102 ; on Wednesday week 1021 ; a year ago 102f. Funding Loan (4 per cent.) was on Wednesday 89 ; on Wednesday week...

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In Defence of the Faith

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TN the address which he. gave recently to the delegates of the Student Christian Movement, the . Archbishop of York observed that " there was a widespread belief that theology ....

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i,000 in Ten Weeks for Aberdare rupN weeks -ago the

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Spectator, on behalf of - its readers, - " adopted " Aberdare in South Wales, The need there, as everywhere in the district, was sore. It seemed likely that readers, attached to...

Lightening our Darkness FIIIIAT venerable example -of foolishness, burning •

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- 411 -i-• - down our house in order to roast our pig, is a fable as apt to modern -England- as it' was to ancient Chinai -We arc to-day wasting valuable national- assets a...

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The Week in Parliament

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FrIHE tactics of the Labour Party in Opposition become increasingly deplorable. So many concessions have been made by Sir John Gilmour in connexion with the Scottish Local...

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Home Colonization

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[The writer of this article, M. Charles Ereky, was formerly Food Controller in Hungary.] T O one who, like the present writer, looks on from a distant point of vantage, it...

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Mars the Avenger

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ROMER OME ! As I wrote that ma g nificent name on my I thou g ht of the happy months I passed there twenty-five years a g o, and of the years between, durin g which -Italy and I...

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The Old Lady I T is neither for sermon nor for

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music, for stained glass or for architecture that I go to a certain church in Dublin, but to see the old lady. For the old lady is in herself a benediction. She is, too, a...

New Verse Forms—I T HOUGH continuously new beauties are being found

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in English poetry, it is somewhat remarkable that the shape and structure of verse forms in English literature have remained practically .static. We possess the noble sonnet of...

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Art

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[TILE ALPINE CLUB GALLERY, MILL STREET.] MR. JACK YEATS, whose paintings are being exhibited at the Alpine Gallery, is a school to himself both in outlook and method, and it is...

The Theatre

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[" THE SACRED FLAmE.- BY W. SOMERSET' MAUGIIAAL AT TEE. PLAYHOUSE1 - HAS anyone been talking to Mr. Somerset Matigham ? Has anybody—remembering- The Circk,---told him that. he...

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A Hundred Years Ago

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THE " SPECTATOR," FEBRUARY 14TH, 1829. TALES or Felines. • Well-regulated minds take no pleasure except in the perusal of that which is consistent with the principles on...

M u s i c

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PERSONAL REACTIONS IN CRITICISM ANYTHING that Mr. Ernest Newman writes is certain to command respect, even when it provokes a contrary argument. Reading him, it is always...

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Poetry

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Cardinal Wolsey and the Kingfisher A BALLAD Now Wolsey was a Cardinal, Who paced his garden rare, Where velvet lawn and wondrous bloont Made all a picture fair. And there he...

Correspondence

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A LETTER FROM MOSCOW. [To the Editor of the SPECTATOR.] SIR,—The acceptance by Poland and Rumania of the Soviet proposal to sign an appendix to the Kellogg Peace Pact caused...

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The Letters of the Tsar

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to the Tsaritsa , 1914-1917 [By arrangement with Messrs. John Lane, who will publish the complete book in the spring, we are able to print a series of extracts from " The...

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The League of Nations

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Territorial Waters THE First Conference for the Codification of International Law is due to meet this year at the Hague, and the Preparatory Committee began its meetings at...

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A DETAIL OF HIBERNATION.

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In the observation of animals no detail is harder to test than the -date at which this creature or that retires into winter. quarters. You may-consult a score of text-books.and...

A NOVELIST ON TRAPS.

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Allusive but very powerful protests against the trapping of rabbits are to be fqund in a recent novel that has more of the true atmosphere of the country, especially the West...

THE REWARD OF GREED.

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A tragic and fantastic example of the abnormal appetite of the species, as of the genus, has astonished the fishermen at Brightlingsea. Enormous quantities of sprats had been...

Dwellers in the more central parts of England have been

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surprised this February to see a number of gulls following the ploughs as they do on the East coast. There can be no doubt that our gulls, at any rate, the black-headed, are...

FORGOTTEN LAMMAS LAND.

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On February 12th "Lammas Land" in some of the Home Counties becomes available for the use of the parish in general, and remains open for six months. But this once precious...

THE CONVERSION OF TIPS.

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On the subject of afforestation and Aberdare and the valuable experiments made a generation ago to clothe the barren and ugly coal tips, I find that by far the most useful of...

A LEGHORN RECORD.

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Not-many farmers realize how valuable a- harvest eggs may be. I know one who made a profit of almost exactly £1,000 in one- year, though at a date when eggs were dearer than...

Country Life

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Tin Bernardi r•GG. St. David's Day may be claimed as the festival of the British egg. From March 1st, 1929, it will be an offence to sell any preservedegg without printing...

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TURKEY TO-DAY AND TO-MORROW

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[To the Editor of the SPECTATOR.] SIR,—The interesting article by Mr. F. Yeats;Brown in your issue of February 2nd, comes at an opportune moment to counteract the glowing...

Letters to the Editor

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OUR ABERDARE FUND [To the Edam- of the SPECTATOR.] Sin,—I am in receipt of your letter with the gratifying news that you have passed the £10,000 mark for your Aberdare...

SCRUTAMINI SCRIPTURAS [To the Editor of the SPECTATOR.]

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Sin,—The Spectator of December 29th has only just reached me while travelling. As not myself a Romanist, may I say how greatly I had wished to see expressed in your columns...

THE MARKING OF E:;GS -

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[To the Editor of the Srnc-rAzon.] Sin, The practice of mixing foreign eggs with English fresh eggs for sale has of late years become a scandal so widespread that I have heard...

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THE PRESENT-DAY NOVEL [To the Editor of the SrEc-raliaLl' action

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of the Irish Government littenipting , to • exclude from their country English novels is an - 'extreme and probably a very futile Prorieeaing,Tire fact, hoWeVer, that such a...

• - " BIRDS,' ETC; [To the Editor of the

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SPECTATOR:] , , . „ . Szi,—As a bird lover I should be sorry to think that Sir W., Beach ThoMal had been correctly informed that the yellow- - hammer had "almost disapPeared...

. _ [To the Editor of the SpEuraron..] .

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Sirt,—Mr.- Hamilton Fyfe's article hi your issue of February 2nd - is most interesting, but it' makes one feel keenly how - much Rugger has fallen away Since Hely Almond's...

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• A. REMEDY . FOR UNEMPLOYMENT [To the Editor of

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the SPECTATOR.] Snt,—Priitite enterprise • demands a fair return from an investment - within a reasonable time; it can 'only engage in' a tcheinu which offers a direct...

AN IRISH RASCAL [To the Editor of the SPECTATOR.] Sia,—Appareritly,

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in the introduction to " An Irish Rascal : Carit: Dudley BradStreet," it' is suggested, and the tuggestion it endorsed by yotir reviewer (Spectator, Febniaiy 9th) that Ihickeray...

RUSKIN'S LOVE STORY -.

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• [To the Editor of the SPECTATOR.] SIR,—Having seen , Dr. MaeDonald's letter about Ruskin Jtt your issue of February 9th, I am anxious to add my testimoiik with regard to...

ENGLISH UNDEFILED " [To the Editor of the SPECTATOR.] SIR, — The

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uneducated habit of inserting the letter R between the vowel A and any vowel following it—and, worse still,' after the.sound aw, e.g., drawring—is penetrating deeper and...

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THE LEADING CIVILIZED COUNTRY IN THE WORLD - [To the

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Editor of the SPECTATOR.] SIR,—In your issue 'of January 26th " Inquirer " is surely wrong, in• supposing iilOw status - of m'oinen- in - France. The very contrary is the...

A BRITISH POLICY FOR INDIA

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. . . [To the Editor of the SPECTAT OR.] - • - - - - • Simon . Commission is making heavy weather ; bombarded with tons of irrelevant matter, which it is quite premature...

THE UNITED STATES AND THE LEAGUE [To .the. Editor of

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.the SPECTATOR.] . Sm,—Anent the discussion then going on in the. United States - Senate -over the Peace Pact -you- say; in- your issue of January -12th- : ; -t` At all...

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THE - BEHAVIOUR OF THEATREGOERS [To the Editor of the SPECTATOR.]

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SIR, - There is one remedy against these "grossly ill-man- nered" peOjile. think it Would prOve'very effective, the Only difficulty being that possibly some Managers might...

THE NEW {PARLIAMENT BUILDING, BELFAST [To the Editor of the

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SPECTATOR.] Sia,-My attention has been drawn to the statement in your issue of February 2nd that the late Mr. Ralph Knott, prepared a design for the above building, and the :...

ponsas FROM LETTERS A DOG STORY.

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An episode occurred in Southsea lately which may interest some of your readers. My wife's aunt died, aged seventy- seven, and all her life was a devoted dog-lover, the " black...

. Our - Aberdare Fund-. .

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LII. 2 1i :Ids. Ild. The following' list represents subScriptionO the SPECTATOR Aberdare' Fund received up to the "first post on 'Tuesday, February' 12th, 1829: R. Fulton...

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Mr. Robert Burness, who wrote Perseus, a Classical Story (Mackie

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and Son), had a true faculty for tact of phrasing and variety of cadence. His poem is clearly told. Narrative is always difficult to handle, especially when it is interrupted by...

A word of warning should be giVen concerning Mr. It.

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J. Minney's Shiba or the Future of India (Kegan Paul, 2s. 6d.) and it is a matter of regret that an excellent series dignified by names such as Haldane, Russell, Maumis, and...

Some Books of the Week

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Tun publisher styles Virgil, the Georgics (in English hexa- meters), by C. W.' Brodaibb- (Benn, 12s. 6d.), an excellent gift-book, and he is quite right. He has done his own...

Sir Josiah Stamp, who is now serving on the Reparations

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Committee, is one of the few economists who have the con- fidence of all Governments and all parties. The clear and honest thinking which has gained him this position is exem-...

The broadcast addresses to schools which supply the Matter of

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The Story of the Birds, by C. J. Patten (Pawson and Brailsford, 16s. 6d.) have in their passage to print become enlarged to more than twice their original size. The first half...

Now that our inland watering-places are once more gaining a

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deserved popularity, the entertaining book by Miss Edith Humphris and the late Captain E. C. Willoughby on Cheltenham Spa (Knopf, 10s. 6d.) should find many readers. The authors...

American history is apt to seem cold and colourless to

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European readers. We miss the pageantry, the romantic glow of histories of older civilizations; Institutions in the New World are fitted like uniforms, not grown like skins ;...

The history of our English roads has yet to be

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written. How interesting it will be, and how vivid a light it will throw upon the changing phases of our social and economic history and the rise or fall of individual towns,...

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Page 22

George Gissing

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Vie; Autobiographical an& -Itttagtruttive.e- From the Watts of .aorgeGissing. By A. C. Gigging. With an Introduc- tion by Virginia Woolf. (Cape. Is. 6d.) IN the English-speaking...

THE INDEX TO VOLUME 141 OE 11:1E " SPECTAT OR " IS

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NOW READY. . Readers resident outside the British .Ides and Libraries Overseas are asked to inform the SPECTATOR O f fice in advance as to She number,' of copies of the Index...

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Houses For All By 1961 How to Abolish the Slums.

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By E. D. Simon. (Longmans. 4s. 6d.) • ANYONE who knows anything of housing problems will be able to,guesS the name of the Scottish town " noted for the beauty of its site...

Dinner subscribers 'who "are changing their addresses are asked - W

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notify the SPECTATOR Office BEFORE MIDDAY on MONDAY OF EACH WEER. The previous address to which the paper has been sent and receipt reference number should be quoted.

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A Soldier of France

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Sin Jomi FORTESCUE has added one more to his fascinating series of " Soldiers' Tales," and the new addition is one of the very best of them. The Adventures in the Revolution and...

the Leopard-Rampant of Clavery

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The 'icing Who Was a King. The Book of a Film. By H. G. Wells. (Henn. 7s. 6d.) Mn. WELTS has so often appeared before the public with a billiard cue balanced on the end of his...

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An Indictment of Western Civilization

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or the Future , of Civilisation, By S. Radbaltrishnan, Megan Paul. 2s. 6d.) SOME two ' years and a-half ago Professor Radhakrishnan; who is Professor of Philosophy in the...

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Some Books on Fishing

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• _ _ The Tale of a Wire Fisherman: - By H. A. Gilbert. (Methuen. 6s.) Rod - and Stream : MiSeellaneorii; Papers On the Sport of Fishing. PUBLISHERS who know their business...

The Cloven Hoof

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4 rHE title of Mr. Thompson's book is wider than his subject. He gives us rather a history of the Devil's habiliments, or of . one of his forms ; a history of the cloven hoof,...

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THE PROPHET'S WIFE. By R. 0. Prowse. (Gollanez. 7s. 6d.)—John

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Hepworth, the founder of a new ethical society, is that rare thing in fiction—a great man whose greatness we are actually made to feel. His combination of intense vitality and...

Fiction

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Historical, More or Less " My Wife, Pbor Wretch." By EMilla Beatrice Brunnor. (Besant. 7s. 6d.) The Orange Court. By Lily Anne Coppard. (Cape. 7s. 13d.) THE novelists of...

HOMER IN THE SAGE-BRUSH. By James Stevens. (Knopf. 7s. 6d.)—They

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are very savage old teamsters, cow punchers, miners, and lumbermen in Mr. Stevens' short stories of the old North-West. Satsle Henry tries to bite Black Larrity's ear off, but...

Answers to Questions on Religion

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1. St. Ambrose as Bishop of Milan.-2. Theophilus. The Legend of St. Dorothea states that after her martyrdom she sent him fruit and roses.-3. Queen Margaret of Scotland.-4....

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Forty years ago Mr. Bromley-Davenport (than whom no

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better all-round sportsman ever lived) was writing that, as Tar as big-game shooting was concerned, " Norway is used 'up already." But Mr. Frantz Rosenberg's Big Game Shooting...

. The student of Japanese affairs will find much to

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interest him in Japan under Taisho Tenno, 1912-1926, by Mr. 4. !Morgan Young, the editor of the Japan Chronicle , (Allen and Unwin, 12s. 6d.). The late Emperor's reign brought...

The Pilgrimage of Buddhism (Macmillan, 15s.) is a charmingly 'ritten

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account of two Sabbatical years spent by an American professor of philosophy-Dr. James Bissett Pratt-in journey- -mg with his wife in the lands of Buddhism. He states in his...

Meredith's poetry is neither ravishing nor comely. When we read

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it in bulk - the clearest emotion that it rouses is a sort of dismal exasperation. Yet there is more than mere intellectual twisting in his verse : there are spurts of eloquence...

The method which Professor. H. W. Garrod applies in his

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new critical study of , Collins (Clarendon Press, .5s.) is both serviceable and refreshing. He concentrates our logical attention on the poems of Collins ; and it is surprising...

'11Idie'Boolis" of the Week - • (Cbrainuedliom page 239.) .

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- Like other handbooks, A Magistrate's Handbook, by S. R. q. - Bosanquet and D. H. J. Chalmers (Ernest Benn, Ltd., 12s. 6c1) _is, of course, intended as a book of reference,...

The late seventeenth-century business correspondence-t

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Ahnoit strictly, business , but with the occasional gracious -touch of " kisse your hands and remains . . ."-of Mr. Williarli :Bolton, a Madeira wine-shipper and general...

General Knowledge Questions

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Ona, weekly prize of one guinea for the best. thirteen Questions submitted 14 awarded this :week to Lady' Clarke. Jervoise, Kirby . House; Hungerford, for the following •...

A Library List

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BIoC,H.APnlr :-Remembered Yesterdays. By Sir S. D. Ban- daranaike. (John Murray. 15s.)-Pius X. By Rene • Bazin. (Sands. 6s.)---Confucius and his Quest. By • -. -Maurice...

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Motors and Motoring

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Taxation and the Use of Motor Vehicles. British Motor -Prices TAXATION is in the minds of many people at the present time, in consequence of this sales have been stimulated...

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Finance Public and Private

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Bank Rate So much that is unnecessarily alarming, and, indeed, it might be said so much that is absurd, has been written with regard to the recent rise in the Bank of England...

BEGINNING OF THE BOOM.

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As a consequence, however, of this improvement in the general international situation, international trade began also to improve and many industrial concerns began to enjoy...

A NECESSARY RETROSPECT.

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Even to those who do not follow financial affairs very -closely, it is a matter of _fairly general knowledge that, as a consequence of the War and the developments following the...

THE BANKER'S RESPONSIBILITY.

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Again, and in view of the nonsense which has been talked in some quarters with regard to the monetary authorities, whether here or in the United States, having no right to...

LIBERTY : ITS RESPONSIBILITIES.

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Moreover, in desiring to obtain a fair and a common- sense view of the situation, it is very necessary to appre- ciate all that is involved in the liberty of. the individual to...

A CHANGED POSITION.

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Up to the spring of last year, notwithstanding American 'activity in lending abroad, the value of money in New York was well below that of this country, but as the boom in Wall...

WRY THE RATE ROSE.

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• Ostensibly the prime cause of the rise in the Bank Rate was the fact:that within a period of five months the Bank • of England has lost nearly £27,000,000 in gold, and...

NEW YORK THE STORM CENTRE.

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Thanks, however, to the skill with which the Bank of England had accumulated large amounts of gold in the . early part of last year, it was possible to meet the situation for a...

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• THE TRADE VIEW.

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• Given the imposition of the present Bank Rate for "a Comparatively short period, there is no reason whatever for apprehending any undue ill-effects on the trade of the...

STATE AIDED ELECTRICITY, Quite a feature of the meetings of

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gas companies is the amount of really useful and interesting information appealing to a much wider circle than those represented by the share- holders present. This -was...

Financial Notes

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A.GENERAL RBACTION, IT is sonic time since the Stock Markets experienced so general a fall in securities as that which has occurred during the past week. The cause of the...

WA.NDSWORTH, WIMBLEDON AND EPSOM GAS.

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The Chairman of the Wandsworth, Wimbledon and Epsom District • Gas Company was also able to place before the shareholders at the recent meeting a cheerful story with regard to...

EFFECTS ON MARKET.

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The first effect of the higher Bank Rate, as I have already said, has been to occasion a decided throw-back in the prices of securities. On this market the decline has been....

INTERESTING BANKING APPOINTMENT.

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Sebttish Banking circles will be the gainers while London EinIceriwill certainly be the losers.by the impending departure of Mr. William. Whyte, the - nuiriager of the London...

PROSPEROUS GAS INDUSTRY.

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It would be difficult to fmd a more striking example of an industry triumphing over threatened competition than that of the , great gas companies of the country which,...

- A GOOD START.

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I am glad to note that the Anglo-French Banking Corp. oration shows from its first balance sheet, which has just been published, that a very good start has been made. The...

A PERIOD OF HESITANCY.

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' There would seem, thereto*, to be at least two reasons for ,anticipatiUg that some time. must elapse before the • monetary situation can- become normal. If, on the one band,...