17 AUGUST 1912

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There is not much doubt that the bombs which exploded

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in the crowded bazaar at Kochana were placed there by emis- saries of the Bulgarian Internal Organization. Five Bulgars as well as two Moslems and two Jews are said to have been...

There is little new to record in the war between

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Italy and Turkey. But we do regard it as important that unofficial persons—Italians and Turks—have met at Lausanne, and are groping for a formula that might end the war. In our...

At dinners and luncheons given in M. Poincare's honour the

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British Ambassador was the only guest who was not a Russian or a Frenchman—a signal proof of the desire of the Russian Government to emphasize the intimacy of British relations...

M. Poincare, the French Prime Minister, arrived at Kronstadt on

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Friday week in the cruiser Conde' for a week's visit to Russia. M. Poincare is not only Prime Minister but Minister for Foreign Affairs. He is clear- headed, well versed in...

Count Berchtold, the Austro-Hungarian Minister for Foreign Affairs, has announced

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his intention of inviting the Powers to discuss the Balkan situation with a view to " helping " Turkey in her policy of decentralization. The Austrian newspapers have...

** The Editors cannot undertake to return Manuscript in any

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case.

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NEWS OF THE WEEK T HE grave crisis in Turkey has not become more grave during the week, and as crisis is the normal portion of Turkey it would be a mistake to suppose that the...

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Turkey was visited by a severe earthquake shock yesterday week,

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the centre of the disturbance being the region of the Dardanelles. Constantinople escaped with slight injury, but at Gallipoli and Tchanak hardly a house escaped damage, many...

On Tuesday the trial of the three Egyptians charged with

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conspiring to assassinate the Khedive, the Premier, and Lord Kitchener came to an end at Cairo. All three of the prisoners were found guilty, and sentenced in each case to the...

The twenty-fifth anniversary of the accession of Prince Ferdinand of

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Bulgaria was celebrated on Thursday, and the Times for that day contained an interesting résumé of his reign. During the earlier part of it the difficulties which he had to face...

We need not look further than the American newspapers for

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criticism which may be held to fit the case. The Sun says that the policy of Congress is "frank dishonour abroad and rank class legislation and Bedlam policy at home." The New...

"The chances are," the correspondent says, "that, if the question

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could be decided by Canada, independent of the exigencies of party politics, two-thirds of the Canadian people would oppose the Bill now before the British Parlia- ment." Nor...

We had not space to notice in our last issue

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a very interesting article on Canadian opinion and Home Rule which the Times of Friday week printed from its Canadian correspondent. The correspondent says that the traditional...

On Friday week the United States Senate passed the Panama

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Canal Bill by 47 votes to 15. Several amendments were carried. American railroads were prohibited from owning ships that use the canal. The provision for the passage of American...

The report of the British Consul-General at Diisseldorf on the

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trade and commerce of the district, which appeared in Thursday's papers, was especially remarkable for the atten- tion it drew to the systematic development of waterways in...

Mulai Hafid, Sultan of Morocco, has abdicated, and on Tuesday

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his younger brother, Mulai Ynsef, was proclaimed in his stead. The ex-Sultan has gone to Vichy with a retinue of slaves and servants, and the Tangier corres- pondent of the...

We regret to notice that the British proposal for a

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loan to Persia has been whittled down at the wish of Russia to a mere dole. Russia and Britain will each advance £25,000. As the Persian treasury is empty, a sum of this kind...

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In spite of the bad weather the week has seen

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an unusual number of exploits in the sphere of aviation. The Govern- ment trials have been progressing satisfactorily on Salisbury Plain from day to day, though we deeply regret...

The by-election in Midlothian, caused by the elevation of the

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Master of Elibank to the peerage, seems likely to be the cause of some bitterness among the various sections of the Government's supporters. On Friday week there was a rumour to...

The report of the Merchant Shipping Advisory Committee upon the

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best means for ensuring safety of life at sea was published in Friday morning's papers. The most important of the recommendations in the report is that for the future the scale...

We deal with the Constitutional points raised by the corre-

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spondence between Mr. Churchill and Mr. Boner Law else- where. Mr. Churchill's melodramatic excursions outside the bounds of his own department are familiar, and the composi-...

We regret to have to record the death, at the

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age of 74, of Miss Octavia Hill, one of the best practical philanthropists of our time, who for nearly fifty years laboured effectively to solve the housing problem on the basis...

Thursday's papers contained the interesting announcement that the King had

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appointed General Botha, Premier of the Union of South Africa, to be an Honorary General in the British Army. It would be bard to find a parallel for this honour, but if it is...

Sir H. H. Raphael, the Liberal member for South Derby-

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shire, having been criticised by Mr. Harry de Pass, one of the promoters of the new land agitation, for his attitude towards that movement, has replied most effectively in a...

Bank Rate, 3 per cent., changed from 31 per cent.

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May 9th. Consols (2I) were on Friday 75I—Friday week 74I.

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TOPICS OF THE DAY.

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THE RIGHT OF REBELLION. T HE lengthy and pompous letters in which Mr. Winston Churchill lectures Mr. Bonar Law for encouraging Ulster to resist Home Rule by force of arms raise...

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SLAVERY IN PORTUGUESE WEST AFRICA.

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W E print elsewhere a letter from the Portuguese Minister in London declaring that the statements of the Anti-Slavery and Aborigines Protection Society as to slavery in the...

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M. POINCARDS VISIT TO RUSSIA.

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I F necessity is the mother of invention, it seems to be a correlative proposition that when what is necessary is already in existence it will be preserved just because it is...

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WEATHER AND POLITICS.

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T HE instability of mortal things has seldom come home to us more vividly than in the contrast between the summers of 1912 and 1911. Last year Englishmen were slowly learning to...

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THE CHINAMAN IN FORMOSA.

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" T T is difficult to describe the Chinese without caricaturing them." So says Mr. Campbell N. Moody, the author of a charming book, "The Saints of Formosa" (Oliphant, Anderson...

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" SHUPHERD."

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"13 HUPHERD " is a little spare man from whom his weight of years has stolen inches he can ill afford to lose. He wears his thin silver hair long, which gives him a somewhat...

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THE INTERNAL ECONOMY OF THE COUNTRY COTTAGE. [COMMIINICATED3

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W HAT men and women of education and limited means fail to get in their home life are leisure, comfort, dignity, and order. The wife ought to be protected against physical...

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LETTERS TO THE EDITOR.

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THE LUST OF CRUELTY. [To SRI EDITOR Or SRI es/am-0,1.ml THE Portuguese Legation in London, referring to the letter under this title that your esteemed journal inserted on...

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[To THE EDITOR OF THE "SPECTATOR. "] SIR, —There is no doubt

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that the large turn-over of votes at the recent North-West Manchester election was due, not only to the general disgust which the tactics of the present Government have aroused,...

MANCHESTER AND TARIFF REFORM.

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[TO THE EDITOR OF THE "SPECTATOR..'] Sm,—Your readers will perhaps be rather weary of seeing letters with my name attached, and it may be you will not insert this, but your...

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THE NATIONAL RESERVE—A SUGGESTION. [To TYR EDITOR or THE "

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SPECTATOR."' Srn,—In order to promote the efficiency of the National Reserve I would suggest that officers might be allowed to attend courses at schools of instruction such as...

THE HOME RULE BILL.

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[To THE EDITOR or THE " SPECTATOR."' SIR, — There is no more probable method of stumbling into a civil war in Ireland than the persistent belief of both parties that the other...

THE LANDLORD AND THE WAGE-EARNER.

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[TO THE EDITOR OP THE "SPECTATOR. "] Srn,—Mr. Buchanan asks how be can retrench in order to meet taxation without injuring others. The answer surely is that he cannot do so, but...

[To THE EDITOR OP THE "SPECTATOR. "]

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Snt,—Working among the masses, one finds that the constant struggle for existence leaves them little scope for ideals of any sort, which might stir up their patriotism or their...

AN IMPERIAL LOAN. [To THE EDITOR OP THE "Spzerszos."] Sia,—You

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may care to print the following extracts from a letter which I have lately received from a foreign correspondent, a staunch friend of England, who enjoys exceptional oppor-...

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S UPERFLUO US ACCIDENTS.

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(TO THE EDITOE Or THE "SPECTATOR. "] SIR, — I have read with great interest the article which appeared in the Spectator of August 10th on the subject of avoidable and...

TITF: RISE OF PRICES IN INDIA.

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[To THE EDITOR or THE " SPECTATOR:1 SIR,—The prevailing industrial unrest has caused a good deal of correspondence on the decreased buying power of money as compared with that...

THE OLYMPIC GAMES.

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rro THE EDITOR OF THE "SPECTATOR.'? SIR, —I have read with great interest the article in the Spectator of August 10th on the Olympic games. Having sketched your ideal for the...

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WATERLOO.

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[To TER EDITOR OF TER "SPECTATOR. "] Sin,—My admiration of Mr. Hilaire Belloo as a versatile writer is as sincere as the respect I pay to Lord Wolseley as an experienced...

LADY LINDSAY. [To TER Emma or TES .EprourOz."] SIR, — We feel

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that a few words are due to the memory of this much-loved friend. Blanche FitzRoy was the only surviving child of the Right Honourable Henry FitzRoy, M.P., First Commissioner of...

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OOLOURS OF PAIN.

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[To THE EDITOR OF TUE "SpiccrAron."] SIE,—I am interested in Mr. R. Walker Berry's letter in the Spectator of August 3rd. It carried my thoughts back many years to a...

MONASTICISM.

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[To THY EDITOR OF THE " SFRCTLTOR. " ] Six,—In your review of "The Buddha's Way of Virtue" in your issue of August 3rd you say that "the extreme monastic ideal is one with which...

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THE FINEST VIEW IN THE SOUTH OF ENGLAND.

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[To THE EDITOR or THE "SPECTATOR. "] SIB, — In the charming article "The Finest View" in the Spectator of August 3rd no word is said of the numerous very beautiful views in the...

THE ODES OF HORACE.

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1To THE EDITOR OF THE "SPECTATOR. "] gIft,—In your review (August 3rd) of Mr. Morris's translation of the Odes you quote his rendering of the opening of " Justum et tenacem."...

[To THE EDITOR OF THE " SPECTATOR." I SIR.—Surely no

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more beautiful view in the South of England can be found than Poole Harbour from the Purbeck Hills and from the Parkstone moorland. Unfortunately the latter is passing away only...

NOTICE.—When "Correspondence" or Articles are signed with the writer's name

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or initials, or with a pseudonym, or are marked "Communicated," the Editor must not necessarily be held to'be in agreement with the views therein expressed or with the mode of...

HABITS OF JACKDAWS.

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[To THE EDITOR or THE " SSECTATOR."] Sin,—On June 7th this year I found a half-fledged jackdaw at the foot of a tower at the castle at Ashby-de-la-Zouch. He now follows me...

[To THE EDITOR or THE " SPECTATOR."] StE,—A cerrespondent of

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yours, in the Speetatorof August 10 th speaks of the view of the Severn Valley, seen from Cleeve Hill, above Cheltenham, as one of the finest in England. Few, I should think,...

A CORRECTION.

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[TO THE EDITOR OF Mr "SPECTATOR. "] SIR,—J. T. H., in your issue of August 10th, quotes a poem by Lowell as "The Battle of the Books." In all editions of that writer I have...

THE REGINA. CYCLONE.

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[To THE EDITOR OS THE " SPECTATOR."] SIN, — The enclosed letter is from one of our village boys, aged twenty-one, the son of the local plumber, who has been out in Canada a...

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B 0 O K S.

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.RICHARD MIDDLETON.* RICHARD MIDDLETON was a young English writer who died a year ago in Brussels at the age of twenty-nine. He had never published a book, and his work...

POETRY.

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T WO TRANSLATIONS. "CAELO SUPINAS."—Honace, Odes, III. xxiii. IP', Phidyle, in country-wise Thy hands thou raisest to the skies, If beneath the crescent moon Thou cravest of...

"MULTAS PER GENTES."—CATIILLUS.

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FROM roaming many a land and sea, Dear brother, all that's left of thee My vagrant footsteps seek; Thy ashes claim their latest due, But mute the voice I loved and knew,. In...

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THE AEROPLANE IN WAR.* `THERE can be only one rational

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argument for delay in providing the nation with a fleet of aeroplanes, strong in numbers and well manned, and it is that the design of aero- _planes is still so experimental...

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QUEEN CAROLINE.* CAROLINE OF BRUNSWICK, the deeply injured wife of

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George IV., will always rank among the most tragic figures in our annals, none the less pathetic from the atmosphere of comedy . and even of farce which is seldom far absent...

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AN ITALIAN PUBLICATION ON TRIPOLI.* WHETHER we agree or not

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with Mr. Bevione's conclusions, whatever be has to say on the subject of Tripoli deserves attention, since Mr. Bevione visited and studied Tripoli only a few months before the...

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SEA-POWER.*

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THESE two books differ widely in scope and style, but have a common purpose, which is well expressed by Mr. Silburn in the hope that his work may be of "service in seconding the...

THE PASSING OF THE SALON.*

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Nous n'irons plus au bois—this is the theme of M. Arthur Meyer's Forty Years of Parisian Society. It is not the un- troubled wilderness of the Sleeping Beauty that he means,...

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THE EARLIEST GAZETTEER.*

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TEE latest publication of the Hakluyt Society is the Libre del Conoschniento, written some time in the middle of the four- teenth century by a nameless Spanish Franciscan, and...

THE LAST DAYS OF THE INDIAN lill7TINY.t READERS of the

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two previous volumes of Mr. Forrest's history of the events of 1857-58 have looked forward with impatience to the conclusion of his laborious task, and they will not be...

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FICTION.

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THE RED HAND OF ULSTER.* LORD KILMORE OF ERRIGAL, the modern Gallio who acts as narrator in Mr. Birmingham's new novel, makes an obser- vation on p. 60 which is not without its...

TRAMPS THROUGH TYROL.* ALL books of foreign travel are divided

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into two classes—into those which are meant to be read and enjoyed at home and those which are to be packed in a bag and consulted, somewhat after the manner of a guide-book, on...

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An American Girl at the Durbar. By Sholland Bradley, (John

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Lane. 6s.)—The millions of English people who were not able to go to India for the Durbar will find they know a, great deal about it if they carefully read this book, at the...

ILYADABLZ NOVELS.—Clarice, I, and Others, By H. Robertson Murray. (Ham-Smith.

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6s.)—A mildly humorous account of a holiday in an inland summer resort.—Wounds of the World. (John Ouseley. 3s. 6d.)—Stories of varying merit, by members of the Wesleyan...

SOME BOOKS OF THE WEEK.

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[Under this heading we notice such Books of the 'week as hate not bens marred for review in other formal The Montessori Method. By Maria Montessori. Translated from the Italian...

The Unknown Quantity. By Charles Inge. (Eveleigh Nash. 6s.)—This novel

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is too long, the conversations are spun out, and the minute observation becomes occasionally trivial, while small phrases are annoyingly repeated; at the end, though the telling...

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An Athenian Critic of Athenian Democracy, being a Translation of

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"De Republica Atheniensium." By Francis Brooks, M.A. (David Nutt. ls. 6d.)—Students of politics who are not familiar with the classics have now an opportunity of reading this...

The Opinions of Dr. Chalmers concerning Political Economy and Social

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Reform. Compiled from his writings by Miss Grace Chalmers Wood, with Preface by Professor J. Shield Nicholson. (Simpkin, Marshall and Co. ls. net.)—We have frequently drawn our...

Greek and Roman Portraits. By Dr. Anton Hekler. (W. Heinemann.

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31s. 6d.)—Unqualified pleasure is to be derived from this volume, which contains perfectly reproduced photographs of over three hundred Greek and Roman sculptures. We confess to...