17 SEPTEMBER 1927

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News of the Week /THE 1general discussion of the League

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of Nations r Report has been continued at Geneva. The Polish proposal : to the Assembly for the " outlawry " of war was amended after we wrote last week, and was Presented by M....

Sir Austen welcomed the Polish resolution as an avowal of

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aims, but the British Empire could accept no? more commitments under it or the Protocol. They might lead to the dissolution of that smaller, British, - League of Nations....

EDITORIAL AND PUBLISHING OFFICES: 13 York Street, Covent Garden, L071C1CM,

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W.C. 2.—A Subscription to the SPECTATOR 00828 Thirty Shillings per annum, including postage, to any part of the world. The SPECTATOR is registered as a Newspaper. The Postage...

Herr Stresemann spoke moderately on Friday and was well received.

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He announced that Germany would sign the optional clause of the statute for the Permanent Court a International Justice, recognizing the Hague jurisdiction as eompulsory upon...

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Without the final form before it the speeches in the Assembly on Thursday, September 8th, were directed backward - to the old rejected Geneva Protocol rather - than forward to...

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* * The Chancellor of the Exchequer, speaking - lately in

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Scotland, astonished us by giving a glowing account of the present revival of the country's trade, and we were not surprised that Sir Herbert Samuel took him to task. in a...

Other items of news from Geneva are that the Mandates

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Commission has reported in favour of an extra member for itself and that Germany has provided one. The same Commission has considered the question of the " sovereignty " of the...

To continue our chronicle of the Trades Union Congress at

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Edinburgh, on Thursday, September 8th, Mr. Ramsay MacDonald appeared as the fraternal delegate of the Labour Party, and made a political party speech against the Government, its...

On Monday, Slavery was discussed in Committee. Praise was given

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to the treatment of the subject in the long and important British Report. The Maharajah of Kapurthala spoke of the progress made in India and Burma. British pride in the news...

Later the Congress passed resolutions, protectionist in character, in regard

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to an inquiry into the importation of goods from countries where lower standards of life prevail. On Friday, September 0th, more resolutions were passed against the Government...

On Tuesday the King of Spain's decree was published convoking

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a National Consultative Assembly next month, four years since the establishment of the Directory or Dictatorship. It is to be a nominated Assembly to all intents and purposes...

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'We congratulate the people of West Ham and the three

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Commissioners appointed to administer the Poor Li,* there on the continued success of the work done. It is not only the rate-payers who are the better off by three successive...

* *' *

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It is reported that 'Sir Basil Blackett, one of the ablest officials - at the Treasury until he was appointed Finance Member:Of Council in India, has sent in his resignation of...

* * . The wreckage of one of the flying

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machines that attempted to cross the Atlantic has been found after hope had steadily dwindled of their safety. The whole story of these flights is a sad tale of high adventurous...

The railway strike in Queensland was settled last Saturday. The

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men were reinstated and agreed to observe rules and regulations. Thus they escape lightly from the results of a foolish weakness rather than of any desire or determination in...

Bank Rate, 41 per cent., changed from 5 per cent.,

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on April 21st, 1927. War Loan (5 per cent.) was on Wednesday 102115; on Wednesday week 102; a year ago 1011. Funding Loan (4 per cent.) was on Wednesday 871; on Wednesday week...

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The Assembly

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O NCE more the Assembly of the League of Nations has proved that its meetings are the Most interesting events of the political world ; that alone should encourage every...

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A VISIT to Northern Europe is to be recommended to all

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interested in the Drink question and to those who, like ourselves, are dissatisfied with the present situation in Great Britain where a privately owned drink trade is tolerated....

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The Liberty to Risk One's Life

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T HIS year has been marked by triumphs and disasters in the air. During the War they would have passed unnoticed for the achievement, for the pity of them, or even for the...

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Have I Been on Earth Before ? Shall I be

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Born Again ? BY THE LATE JOILN ST. LOE STRACHEY. • [With the kind permission of the Weekly Dierpakh, for whom it was specially written it is our privilege (and no melancholy...

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Men's Clothing A FTER the hubbub we are now all agreed,

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gladly or reluctantly, that the change in women's clothing is all to the good. No young mother of to-day carries tubercle bacilli on the trailed edges of her skirt, out of the...

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Sporting Offences S PORTSMEN of fastidious taste, even more than professed

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humanitarians, have been hurt in their fine r instincts by a number of instances recorded in the chronicles of the past year. Some arc episodes in the huntin g of d e er and...

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The Old Soldier in his Cherry Orchard

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N O doubt the Old Soldier is busy about his apple orchard now. He has an apple tree, I know, a little misshapen thing from which perhaps half a dozen hard, green " cookers " may...

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The Wolf in the Alsatian

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A s a matter of fact the Alsatian wolf-dog is a most intelligent and delightful companion, quick to learn, easily controlled and the terror of trespassers, burglars and others...

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The Cinema

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[" CHANG:' AT THE PLAZA.] Chang is a magnificent film. The cinema has here brilliantly fulfilled a part for which it is better fitted than any other artistic medium. No book,...

Mus i c

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[NEW WORKS AT THE THREE CHOIRS FESTIVAL.]' THE works specially composed for the Three Choirs Festival held at Hereford last week included examples of both secular and sacred...

The Theatre

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[" THE HIGH ROAD BY FREDERICK. LONSDALE• AT THE SHAFTESBURY THEATRE.] FIRST nights of Mr. Frederick Lonsdale's plays take one back to the "wonderful nineties" when first-night...

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Correspondence

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A LETTER FROM DUBLIN. [To the Editor of the SPEcTAzon.1 Sza,—Since May, without intermission, the Free State has been in a state of fierce political ferment. One startling...

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The League of Nations

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Activity of the Small Nations As the League of Nations Assembly passes from its first to its second week certain of its more outstanding characteristics become clearly marked....

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The Frenchman is, I think, a maligned bird. It is

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very hardy ; but is it really very bellicose'? It is supposed to drive off the English or Hungarian bird ; but one observer, at any rate, is of opinion that the English bird is...

How much knowledge has increased does not appear to be

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generally realized. I say this because lectures have been recently delivered in which a number of the exploded theories of ten years ago have been repeated. I have been...

HARVEST PROBLEMS.

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Birds occupy much place in the "happy autumn fields" where harvesters work and sportsmen walk. In the South and Midlands we have seen the quickest—and latest— clearing of...

Country Life

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MIGRATION DISCOVERIES. THE autumnal migration is in full activity and obvious to us all. It is still, as of old, a deep mystery ; but thanks to those neat little altuninium...

• We have no idea how these callow travellers find

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their way, but the young cuckoo—and the point is very important— has an overwhehning inner compulsion to flysomewhere, anywhere—in autumn. I discussed this at great length...

Every detail of this movement of birds has a problem

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; and the details are numberless because the different species have entirely different ways. The most eccentric—and immoral—bird in our _British list is the cuckoo ; and...

PARTRIDGES, FRENCH AND ENGLISH.

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The rapid clearing of the fields and the date have disclosed the nakedness of the land to sportsmen. In some eastern districts the only partridges are old partridges.; and the...

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[To the Editor of the SPECTATOR.] Sin,—The views expressed by

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the Spectator and by most of the other leading London reviews and newspapers on the Sacco-Vanzetti case seem to such of us as have studied it carefully, and are thoroughly...

Letters to the Editor

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THE SACCO-VANZETTI TRIAL [Wn have received many letters from American readers of the Spectator protesting against our comments on the Sacco- Vanzetti trial on August 13th, and...

[To the Editor of the SPECTATOR.]

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SIR,—At moments of grave international excitement there is one element which is of incalculable value to the cause of justice and good will, namely, a periodical respected by...

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[To the Editor of the SPECTATOR.] Sia,—I am enclosing a

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clipping from the New York Evening Sun, which you can read and draw your conclusions regarding the Sacco-Vanzetti case, and the judgment displayed in our Courts. Reverse the...

[To the Editor of the SPECTATOR.] Sia,—The mistake into which

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you fell illustrates what with us at least is a well-established principle of the law of evidence, that the best evidence of what took place at a trial is the official record of...

[To the Editor of the SPECTATOR.11 Sia,—This statement published in

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your issue of August lath gave such a very harmful and inaccurate an impression of the trial that I am led to inquire whether you are aware that the communistic or anarchistic...

[To the Editor of the SPECTATOR.] Sui,—The article in your

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issue of August 13th, on Sacco and Vanzetti, surprises me as coming from you. Many of us had doubts as to their guilt. But, after the minute review of the whole case by...

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A HOLY WAR FOR WOMEN [To the Editor of the

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SPECTATOR.] Sm,—In spite of the propaganda that is undertaken so freely by every party, the new spirit of service incorporates itself very slowly in modern institutions....

SOME CHURCHES IN JERSEY - [To the Editor of the

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SPECTATOR.] Meildejohn replies in so pleasant and friendly spirit that surely I shall not ask him to cry Peceavi ! but thank him for the concluding sentences of his letter and...

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LIGHTING A WOOD .FIRE

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[To the Editor of the SPECTATOR.] SIR,—In your issue of August 27th, a correspondent under the abOve heading wrongly gave this firm's name as "R. J. Gibson, Princes Street,...

THE BODY OF INCORRETPTION

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[To the Editor of the SPECTATOR.] Snt,—I have read Mr. F. Yeats-Brown's review of The Tibetan Book of the Dead in the Spectator of September 10th with great interest and as...

NIGERIAN FRUIT-BATS

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[To the Editor of the SPECTATOR.] Sin,—Your readers may be interested in two rather unusual experiences of mine. Yesterday I was at a town some six miles from here. Towards...

THE PERPLEXITIES OF A MODERATE LIBERAL

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[To the Editor of the SPECTATOR.] SIR,—The recent successes of Liberalism at the polls raise difficult questions in the minds of those Liberals who, in three-cornered...

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BYRON'S LAMENESS

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[To the Editor of the SPECTATOR.] SIR,—In her very interesting article on Byron, in last week's Spectator, Mrs. Taylor writes about "those poor, cloven feet, strangely...

HUMANE KILLING FOR PIGS

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[To the Editor of the SPECTATOR.] SIR,—In reading the article " Scandinavia " in this week's issue we noticed with great interest the last paragraph which deals with humane...

Poetry

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Two Island Songs The Women to the Seafarers. FURL, seafarers, furl your sails, No more tempt the clouded seas : Make not gulls your nightingales, Nor tall masts your...

ADVERTISING AND NATIONAL PROSPERITY

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[To the Editor of the SPECTATOR.] SIR,—Apropos of Mr. Angell's discussion on advertising, will you permit an old-time American reader, for the moment a visitor in London, to...

INDUSTRIAL PEACE

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[To the Editor of the SPECTATOR.] Sin,—Not for a very long time have the prospects of a rapprochement between Capital and Labour been so good as they are at present. At the...

THE " SPECTATOR " IN IRELAND

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[To the Editor of the SPECTATOR.] Sin,--In your paper of September 3rd there is a letter signed "Forty-five Years' Reader" in which it is stated that the Spectator "was banned...

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To "re-found the religion of Christ, purged of dogmas and

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mysticism—a practical religion, not promising future bliss, but giving bliss on earth "—was the starting idea of Sub- Lieutenant Tolstoy when on leave from his battery in...

Under. the editorship of Mr. Middleton Murry, a new quarterly,

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the New. Adelphi, has made its first appearance. Jie has a . charming.. article on the Parables of Jesus. Mr. Young writes of the Gurdjieff Institute in Paris, which we thought...

Ma. Harold Copping's Bible pictures are deservedly popular, not only

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for their intrinsic beauty, but because of the peculiar fidelity of their local colour. In his new work, which the Religious Tract Society publish in a handsome quarto under the...

Dr. Lamond is a frank believer in the supernatural, and

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in his Joan of Arc and England (Rider 10s. 6d.) he asserts that in the . Maid's sixty-foot leap from the tower of Beaurevoir she was upheld by mysterious forces, and that St....

In The Life and Work of an English Landscape Architect

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(Richards Press, 25s.), Mr. Thomas H. Mawson recalls his memories of a long and exceptionally busy career devoted to garden-making, town-planning, and allied activities. His...

We read. most of Mr. A. P. Herbert's verse as

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it appears In Punch, but decidedly it is worth re-reading in book form. The publishers have put our enthusiastic comments on his 1,a,st volume, She Shanties, on the wrapper of...

This Week's Books

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YOUNG politicians, and indeed all who wish to speak in public, may be recommended to give attentive study to the Speeches by Lord Oxford and Asquith, an admirable selection of...

Mr. John Drinkwater is a playwright of extraordinary versatility. In

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stately historical pageant he can move with assured dramatic tread, and now in a little three-act play entitled Bird in Hand (Sidgwick and Jackson, 3s. 6d.), which was a week or...

Mr. Selwyn Brinton is one of those writers—happily their number

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is increasing—who can clothe the dry bones of history with living reality. Few novels are more fascinating than The Gonzaga—Lords of Mantua ; and yet we feel that Mr....

General Knowledge Questions

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THE Editor awards the prize of one guinea offered weekly for the best thirteen general knowledge questions and answers to an Eton boy, who deiires to remain ancnymous, for the...

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Lord Northcliffe —A Great Journalist

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LORD 'NORTHCLIFFE'S picturesque personality offers great scope to the biographer, and some day a Lytton Strachey or an Emil Ludwig will give us a book that will set all England...

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The Letters of Gertrude Bell

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MISS GERTRUDE BELL, one of the King-makers of Iraq—per- haps the most powerful of all those whose influence brought King Faisal safely to the throne—was among the most...

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Old Court Life in France Old Court Life in France.

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By Frances Elliot. (Putnams. • 210 SCENES from French Court life described by a woman whose mind is saturated in French memoirs cannot fall to be enter- taining. According to...

Sound . and Unsound Economics - The Economic Theory of the

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Leisure Class. By Nikolai Bukharin. (Martin Lawrence. 7s. 6d.) _ Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels. By D. Riazanov. (Martin - Lawrence. 7s. 6d.) Karl Marx, Man, Thinker and...

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An Evil Legacy

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The Cape Colour Question : A Historical Survey. By W. M. MacMillan, Professor of History at Witwatersrand University, Johannesburg. (Faber and Gwyer. 218.) PROM whatever point...

THE BRITISH YEAR BOOK OF INTERNATIONAL LAW, 1927. (H. Milford.

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16s.)—All who are interested in the progress of the League of Nations and of the Permanent Court must wish well to this admirable Year Book, which becomes more and more...

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The Future of British Spas

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THOSE who only know Continental Spas, and have not visited our British - Spas, probably , do not realize the advance that has been made since 1914 in medical knowledge of the...

British Spas

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THE early autumn is an opportune time for publishing a Supplement on British Spas, for this is the season of the year when such places as Bath, Cheltenham, Llandrindod, Droit-...

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British Spas as Health Resorts

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BATH. - Joins Woon began to replan the city of- Bath in the year 1727, and it is wisely suggested that in the late autumn of this year there should be a meeting in the city and...

Dnmer subscribers who are chaning their addresses are tasked to

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notify The SPicTitTori Office BEFORE , MIDDAY ON ;MONDAY OF EACH wuk: The previous address to which lite paper has been .sent-and receipt number should be quoted,

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Fiction

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The Social Comedy Monte Carlo. By Henry K. Sienkiewiez. (Stanley Paul. 2s. 6d.) ONE of Mr. E. F. Benson's minor talents is that of chronicling small beer in a manner so...

YOUNG ORLAND. By the Hon. Herbert Asquith. (Hutchinson. 7s. 6d.)—This

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is a quiet and pleasantly written biography of a young man who is the adopted son of a country squire. Mr. Asquith does not convince the reader that there is any particular...

MAX CARRADOS MYSTERIES. By Ernest Bramah.

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(Hodder and Stoughton., 7s. 6d.)—Mr.Ernest Branaah's admirers have doubtless long ago accepted his convention that Max Carrados, the blind detective, can do anything fifty per...

THE MIXER. By Edgar Wallace. (Long. 7s.

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This is less a novel than a series of short stories, to which a connected interest is given by the personality of the hero. "The Mixer" is a particularly cool and resourceful...

THE WAY THINGS ARE By E. M. Delafield. (Hutchin- son.

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7s. 6d. net.)—A minor Victorian poet once observed of his household, " In my family the domestic virtues have, run to seed." The same may be said of Laura Temple, Miss...

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A Library List

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MISCELLANEOUS :-Evolution of Primitive Medicine. By Sir Arthur Newshohne. (Bailliere, Tindall and Cox. us. 6d.) Development and Purpose. By L. T. Hobhouse. (Macmillan. 15s.)...

Insurance

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ENDOWMENT ASSURANCES.-II. IT is customary and convenient to distinguish between endowment assurances on the one hand, and whole- life and limited payment life policies on the...

Answers to General Knowledge Questions

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I. Name from John Arbuthnot's book.-2. Sir William Herschel. -3. Homy James.-4. Teasel.-5. (a) Cheops, (b) Mogul emperor Shah Jehan.-6. Goldcrest. Winter of 1010.-7. _St....

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A TRUE COMPARISON.

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Unfortunately, however, the comparison is not with a normal year. During the - greater part of 1926 trade was demoralized first.by the general strike and later by the coal...

Tun DEBT SERVICE.

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Only last week I showed that until we have secured this economy in the national expenditure we Cannot hope. to 'achieve any material reduction in the annual serviee On the...

THE CARDINAL; NEED.

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In this matter of economy in the National Expenditure, history repeats itself. For a long time previous to the. formation of the Geddes Economy . Committee in 1921 there had...

Finance—Public and Private

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Fancies and Facts THE casual newspaper reader may well be excused for any mental confusion with regard to the present state of trade and the national credit. He is told on the...

AUGUST TRADE FIGURES.

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And first as regards trade. It is perfectly true that the figures of our foreign trade for the month of August are the best which have been published for some time past. For...

• GROWTH IN NATIONAL EXPENDITURE.

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As regards the national -finances, Mr. Churchill in fait -- recent speech in Scotland was once again more anxiOkis tO defend the growth in our public expenditure than '6 . 2(...

Financial Notes

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HOLIDAY slackness in the Stock Markets is not infrequently - more pronounced during the first half of September than in the month of August, and during the past week dealings in...

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CALICO PRINTERS.

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The report of the Calico Printers' Association for the year ending last June shows some improvement, notwithstanding difficulties due to the coal shortage last year. The profit...

TREASURY BOND RESULT.

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No definite figures were available but the market estimated that the amount of debt maturing on October 1st was about £70,000,000, and consequently there was particular...

At the meeting of shareholders of the Yokohama Specie Bank

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held in Japan on the 10th inst. the Report and Accounts were approved, the statement showing that the net profit, including 6,000,000 yen brought into the account, was...