1 SEPTEMBER 1923

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The ultimatum demands that the Greek Government shall offer a

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full apology to the Italian Minister at Athens ; that a solemn funeral ceremony shall be held in the Roman Catholic Cathedral in Athens, at which all members of the Greek...

It is good new that the Government Party in the

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Irish Free State has had a sweeping victory. The complete returns will not be known for another day or two, but when we write on Thursday, the Government Party has secured 29...

Signor Mussolini has some great qualities, but no doubt also

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the defects which correspond to those qualities. His wonderful self-confidence and his amazing swiftness in action are notoriously characteristic of the man whose political...

The promised statement on the political situation by the new

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German Chancellor, Dr. Stresemann, was made The promised statement on the political situation by the new German Chancellor, Dr. Stresemann, was made at a luncheon on Friday,...

NEWS OF THE WEEK.

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T HE unexpected news from Italy that a particularly rigorous ultimatum has been sent to Greece has been reported only in brief form when we go to press on Thursday, but it...

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Speaking last Sunday at Chassey M. Poineare dwelt upon what

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would have happened if Germany had been victorious, and he emphasized the moderation shown by the Allies in demanding only reparations for the damage clone, instead of including...

Belgium urges "priority for material damages," in which category, by

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a friendly movement towards our- selves, she would include the losses of British shipping. But what does this scheme of priority mean when it is worked out ? Apparently the...

Look at the situation. The supporters of French policy here

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do not agree very well among them- selves, and the so-called Die-Hard- movement for weakening Mr. Baldwin's hands is, as a matter of fact, dying very easily-. Public opinion,...

There are rumours that M. Poincare is very anxious to

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meet Mr. Baldwin and to discuss with him the whole problem of the Ruhr and reparations. If Mr. Baldwin thinks that some good might come out of such a meeting, we can only...

Dr. Stresemann denied with indignation that Germany had ever engineered

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the collapse of the mark. But we should like better proof than his assertion. In the beginning the German Government were guilty of every sort of financial recklessness. Now...

The Belgian Reply to the British Note of August 11th

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was published in the papers of Wednesday. The Belgian Government believe that by what they call "discreet conversations between Allied Ministers" an under- standing between...

There is a tendency at the moment in France and

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Belgium towards a policy of inviting America to cancel all the debts owed to her by the Allies. Naturally, we should be glad if America took the line that the money she advanced...

The French Yellow Book, Dr. Stresemann went on, had asserted

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that the real wealth of Germany had not been disturbed, but all such statements were an exaggeration. Profits were often ridiculously small. For example, the last dividend of...

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The season-ticket holders on the railways are taking the field

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against the proposal that the price of season tickets should be further increased. Their resentment is to be measured by their disappointment because they had hoped that the...

We greatly regret that Mr. McKenna is not to join

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the Government, for not only would he have brought strength to them, but his inclusion would have sym- bolized the broad basis upon which they stand. The appointments which have...

On Monday the Ministry of Health addressed a circular to

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the local authorities on the subject of cancer. As the circular contains the combined knowledge and opinions of the Medical Research Council and the various cancer research...

Bank Rate, 4 per cent., changed from 8 per cent.

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July 5, 1928; 5 per cent. War Loan was on Thursday, 1O2i; Thursday week, 10111; a year ago, 99?..

Mr. Neville Chamberlain has been appointed Chan- cellor of the

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Exchequer, and Sir William Joynson-Hicks has succeeded Mr. Chamberlain as Minister of Health. The papers of Tuesday printed a letter from Mr. McKenna to Mr. Baldwin, which...

Sir William Acworth's scheme, however, raises the hope that the

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Austrian railways will soon share in the general financial recovery. He proposes that they should be managed on commercial lines under a Board ; of Directors, instead of by a...

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TOPICS OF THE DAY

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• THE FREE STATE ELECTIONS. I RISHMEN have always been a political people, and the Free State, with less than two million electors, has been true to its character in putting up...

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WHY SHOULD GERMANY PERISH'?

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BY H. W. MASSINGIIAM. T HERE is one thing about the condition of Germany which struck me as rather horrible. That is that 7 1 - a great nation looks as if she might die in a...

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STRIVING TO PERPETUATE THE ANCIENT GRUDGE.

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A LMOST no attention has been drawn in England to a phase of anti-British intrigue in the United States which has gained portentous headway during the last three years. Those...

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IF MANNER MAKE MAN.

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A LL the professions and trades put a stamp upon those who follow them. We GO acknowledge this at every turn. If we want to describe a stranger shortly we do not speak of his...

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SCIENCE.

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THE ATOMIC THEORY. ATOMS IMMATERIAL. T HE theory that matter is atomic in structure presents no conceptual difficulties. Dalton cer- tainly, deserves great credit for the...

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lje *putator.

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LIFE MEMBERSHIP. The rates for payment of Life Membership are as follows :- For persons under 45 years of age £15 15s. „ over 45 and under 55 years of age.. £14 14s. Pt .. 55...

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THE

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ENGLISH-SPEAKING WORLD. BY EVELYN WRENCH. T HE publication of Sir Auckland Geddes's report on the conditions on Ellis Island is taken in many quarters as implying his early...

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LETTERS TO THE EDITOR.

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FRANCE AND THE RUHR. [To the Editor of the SPECTATOR.] Sra,—It is not, after all, the French Press which has seized on Cl. 33 of the British Memorandum and explored it, but M....

WIIERE DOES THE MONEY COME FROM?

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[To the Editor of the SPECTATOR.] Srn,—I read in the Spectator recently a letter from a corre- spondent who had noticed the free spending of money which goes on all around us...

RECKLESS MOTORING.

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iTo the Editor of tlw SPECTATOR.] SIR,—It has been suggested that there should be a table of road precedence in order to do away with ambiguities at cross-roads, where at...

[To the Editor of the SPECTATOR.] Sut,—The letter from an

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American correspondent, Mr. Cruik- shank, of New York City, in your issue of August 25th, calls for a reply. What occurs to me is that it is notorious that Americans are,...

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MOTOR TRAFFIC AND THE ROADS.

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[To the Editor of the SPECTATOR.] Sin,—In reference to the letter from your correspondent, "Watling Street," I know well the very serious inconvenience and the loss of former...

ROADS AND THE UNEMPLOYED.

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[To the Editor of the SPECTATOR.] SIR,—May I suggest that the ancient Fosse Way and Icknield Way be made into modern roads suitable to motorists? Both would be most useful...

MR. HOOVER.

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[To the Editor of the SPECTATOR.] SIR,—I am curious to know why "P. G." of New York, in "American Portraits.—II.," in your issue of July 28th, should so invidiously have...

AMERICANS AND LONDON PRICES.

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[To the Editor of the SPECTATOR.] SIR,—During a conversation on Anglo-American relationship with the London manager of a big American firm, I was surprised and humiliated to...

PANDHARPUR, THE REAL INDIA.

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[To the Editor of the SPECTATOR.] Sin,—I think it is a pity that our instructors of the Press do not frequently give us such excellent pictures of the life of India as is...

VISITORS FROM THE DOMINIONS.

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[To the Editor of the SPECTATOR.] Sne,—You and your correspondent in the Spectator of Aug.18th are to be commended for drawing attention to what may prove a very serious problem...

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CRICKETS AND ASCENSION DAY.

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[To the Editor of the SPECTATOR.] SIR,—Can any of your readers give me the origin of the inhabitants of Florence going out early on Ascension Day to catch crickets (Italian "...

BIRD PARASITES.

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[To the Editor of the SPECTATOR.] SIR,—In his interesting letter, Mr. C. W. Early asks whether swifts are usually troubled with large insect pests. Gilbert White says : "The...

THE RIGHTS OF NONCONFORMISTS.

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[To the Editor of the SPECTATOR.] • get my Spectator late, and perhaps some other corre- spondent has already pointed out that Dr. Morgan Gibbon's grievance as to the rights of...

FACSIMILES OF MASTERPIECES.

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[To the Editor of the SPECTATOR.] • have read with much interest the letter in your issue of August 18th from Mr. W. S. C. Copeman on the subject of facsimiles of masterpieces....

THE IGNORANCE OF THE ANCIENTS ABOUT SAILING.

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[To the Editor of the SPECTATOR.] SIR,—" Nautilus" asks about the reason of the ignorance of the ancients about sailing. I think this was due to the design of their vessels,...

[To the Editor of the SPECTATOR.]

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Sin,—In the Life and Epistles of St. Paul, by Conybeare and Howson, there arc some interesting observations on the ships and navigation of the ancients, which answer the...

THE LONDON LOCK HOSPITAL AND HOME.

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[To the Editor of the SPECTATOR.] Sin,—The Board of Management are convinced that were it not for the large amount of resident accommodation that the London Lock Hospital and...

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SOME PAROCHIAL STORIES.

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[To the Editor of the SPECTATOR.] Sin,—Some four or five years ago a curate, who had been stationed for some time in a parish in the North of England, on leaving, was calling on...

AN 'UNKNOWN DONOR OF THE" SPECTATOR." [To the Editor of

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the SPECTATOR.] am asking you again as a favour to me to grant this request. I am a minister of the Methodist Episcopal Church and our Annual Conference has sent me to a new...

POETRY.

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THE DANCERS. I DREAMED a dream more stable than the gross Pyramid crushing those slow desolate sands, Yet swift as time it sank into the sands Like a bright snake that slides...

[To the Editor of the SPECTATOR.] had gone into the

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country to preach a harvest sermon for a brother clergyman on a week evening. His man was driving me to the station on the following morning and, wishing to pay me a compliment,...

NOTICE.—When "Correspondence" or Articles are signed with the writer's name

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or initials, or with a pseudonym, or are marked "Communicated," the Editor must not necessarily be held to be in agreement with the views therein expressed or with the mode of...

THE " SPECTATOR " AND ITS READERS. [To the Editor

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of the SpEcr.vron.] Sm,—Having read the correspcmdence from others of your readers under the above heading, I also would like to bear witness to the way your paper is...

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BOOKS.

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THIS WEEK'S BOOKS. Miss Kav SINCLAIR'S new volume, Uncanny Stories (Hutchin- son), is full of the most alarming illustrations, some in half- tone and some in line, by M. Jean...

THE THEATRE.

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"MAGIC" AT THE EVERYMAN. MR. G. K. CHESTERTON'S Magic is a most attractive piece of work. In spite of a few faults—some technical, some fundamental and temperamental—it is a...

THE SAAR BASIN.*

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MR. SIDNEY OSBORNE has followed up his denunciation of French policy and action in Upper Silesia by another volume dealing with the Saar Basin. The first half gives his account...

(The usual "Recreations of London" will be found on p.

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295.)

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THE NATION-STATE.*

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Tins book is the first coherent account of the Fascist move ment that has reached this country. It may be that Fascism is not, or will not prove to be, as it is here described....

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" HAMLET " ONCE MORE.*

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Ma. ROBERTSON has returned to the charge with a vengeance. And yet the polemic against Mr. Clutton-Brock, of which most of this book is composed, is fundamentally barren. Mr....

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ARCTIC DAYS.*

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Ma. STEFANSSON, the American explorer, is perhaps best known to the En g lish reader as an enthusiastic lover of the Arctic regions. No man has done more to remove certain...

POETS AND POETRY.

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MORE POEMS BY A LITTLE GIRL. Mena CONKLIN°, the author of Poems by a Little Girl, must be, if we may judge from the photo g raph which is a frontispiece to her new volume,...

CHRISTIAN BELIEFA

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PROFESSOR GA.R.DNER represents a school the importance of which is g reater than its numbers. The intelligence of the Church is with it ; and the religious situation is seen out...

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In Dark Places. By John Russell. (Thornton Butterworth. 7s. ed.

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net.) There is very little to be said of this volume except that it is more or less on the same level as Where the Pavement Ends. " The Bird of Paradise" is the most successful...

FICTION.

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■ -•0111■••• A REVERSION TO TYPE.* JIM AVIOLET was good for nothing. He drank, spent money in other undesirable pursuits, and wandered about the world as a Remittance Man. On...

A powerful story of a romance which creates havoc in

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the family of the middle-aged hero. The author's last novel, The Fortunate Woman, was perhaps more successful as a whole, but, if the achievement is less, the artistic aim of...

Mr. Cole, whom hitherto we have been accustomed to connect

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with Guild-Socialism and economics, has suddenly broken out as a novelist. The Brookhin Murders is a long and highly exciting detective story. The idea is ingenious. Old Sir...

El Supremo. By Edward Lucas White. (Fisher Unwin. 7s. 6d.)

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This is a striking and original novel, sufficiently so to excuse its seven hundred odd pages. The hem is Francia, the beneficent tyrant who in the early part of the nineteenth...

Some Distinguished Americans. By Harvey O'Higgins, (Jonathan Cape. 7s. tid.

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net.) While, perhaps, not quite so brilliantly successful as the author's last collection of stories, entitled From the Life, these imaginary biographies are extremely well...

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A Short History of St. Bartholomew's Hospital, 1123-1923. By Sir

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D'Arcy Power and H. J. Waring. (Copies to be had of Mr. Geoffrey Keynes, at the Hospital. I Is. post free.) The octocentenary of " Bart's " is worthily commemorated in this...

THE SEA.

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Admirals of the Caribbean. By Francis Russell Hart, F.R.G.S. (Allen and Unwin. IN. f3d. net.) "With the dawning of a new century (the nineteenth)," writes Mr. Hart, "the...

HISTORY.

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The Development of the British Empire. By Howard Robinson, Ph.D. (Constable and Co. 12s. ad. net.) This book is not so much a collection of dates and facts as conclusions drawn...

Captain Anderson's narrative is so ingenuous as to be disarming.

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Even while we felt that the author bad no power of giving literary effectiveness to his reminiscences we were saying to ourselves "What a nice man he must be ! " It is not often...

The Arts in Greece. By F. A. Wright. (Longmans. 6.s.)

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Mr. Wright is so ardent a Philhellene that in attributing everything we value in art and life to the Perielean Age he ignores the revolutionizing influence of Christianity. Most...

The Diary of Ananda Ranga Mai. Edited by H. Dodwell.

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Vol. VII. (Madras : Government Press. 3 rupees.) The Diary of Ananda Ranga Mai. Edited by H. Dodwell. Vol. VII. (Madras : Government Press. 3 rupees.) The new instalment of the...

It is impossible not to be sorry for Professor van

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Dyke. After spending ten years' work on his• book, two of which were devoted to the study of unprinted material in Europe, when his task was completed and his manuscript in the...

"Houses," says Mr. Ransome, "are but badly built boats so

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firmly aground that you cannot think of moving them. They are definitely inferior things, belonging to the vegetable not the animal world, rooted and stationary, incapable of...

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TRAVEL.

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Switzerland. Edited by F. Muirhead. The Blue Guides. (Mac- millan. 15s. net.) The eighth volume of the Blue Guides has old and formidable rivals, but it can bear comparison...

POLITICS AND FOREIGN AFFAIRS.

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The German Constitution. By Rend Brimet. (T. Fisher Unwin. 10s. 6d. net.) M. Brunet's exposition of the German Constitution of 1919 is much the best we have read. He shows very...

The Drama of Shin Fein. By Shaw Desmond. (W. Collins,

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Sons and Co. 17s. 6d. net.) Mr. Shaw Desmond takes a mystical view of Ireland, which just because it is elusive can hardly commend itself to practical persons. He writes as...

A Woman's Impressions of German New Guinea. By Lilian Overall.

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(Lane. 12s. 6d. net.) This account of everyday life in one of the least known lands Of the over-written Pacific has been taken, apparently, in un- revised chunks from a diary ;...

Isles of Illusion. Edited by Bohun Lynch. (Constable. 7s. 6d.)

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This is a collection of letters written to Mr. Lynch by a friend who went out to the South Seas. They cover the years 1912 to 1920, and form a very frank and interesting...

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FINANCE-PUBLIC & PRIVATE.

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[BY OUR CITY EDITOR.] REPARATIONS AND DEBT ENTANGLEMENTS. [To the Editor of the SPECTATOR.] SIR,—It is, of course, beyond my province to discuss the political aspects of the...

My Adventures in Bolshevik Russia. By Odette Keun. (John Lane.

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58.) The experiences of Mlle. Kenn were of the kind to which we have become accustomed since the " Red " bogy bared his teeth at us from the docile columns of startled...