23 AUGUST 1913

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M. Emile 011ivier, who died on Wednesday, achieved the summit

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of his political ambition when only half-way through his long career. He was only forty-five when he became Prime Minister in the "terrible year" of 1870 and immortally linked...

The situation in Mexico has not materially altered since our

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last issue, but President Huerta appears to be g ainin g g round a g ainst the revolutionaries, who are said to have been defeated with g reat slau g hter at Correon. Mr. Lind,...

In the absence of any active or very definite plan

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on the part of the Concert, a belief is g rowin g up that Bul g aria and Turkey may come to some arran g ement between them- selves. Such united policy as has emer g ed from the...

NEWS OF THE WEEK.

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N EWS from the Balkans does not offer any hope of the early retirement of the Turks from Adrianople or of the approachin g enforcement of the Treaty of London. Turkey, still...

Meanwhile we may note that President Wilson has publicly reprimanded

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Mr. Wilson, the ex-Ambassador to Mexico, for criticisin g in the press a statement recently published by Reuter purportin g to describe the attitude of Great Britain on the q...

If only the Turks could be induced to see it,

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they now have the opportunity of en g a g in g the sympathy and support of Europe in the reconstruction of their Asiatic Empire for a g eneration to come. They are at present...

*** The Editors cannot undertake to return Manuscript in any

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case.

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The Pall Mall Gazette of Thursday publishes the last letter

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written by August Behel, the famous German Socialist leader —a political testament which will bring little comfort to the Peace delegates assembled at The Hague. In reply to a...

The absurd but injurious situation created by the decision to

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impeach Mr. Sulzer, the Governor of New York State, has continued during the week. The resolution of impeachment carried by the Assembly was the outcome of the report of a...

"The Emperor, being always practical, had to do something and

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of course he caused the French to think that the German military preparations were being directed against them. I can assure you that the Emperor himself is glad that the...

The twentieth Peace Congress was officially opened on Wednesday in

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the historic Ridderzaal or Hall of Knights at The Hague by M. Heemskerk, the Minister of the Interior. Professor de Louter, of Utrecht, who was chosen President, deplored the...

Mr. Page, the United States Ambassador, who unveiled a monument

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to the Pilgrim Fathers at Southampton yesterday week, spoke with fine insight of the peculiar qualities of that memorable company. They differed from all other colonists, in...

Sir Ian Hamilton has issued his report on the Canadian

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force. He recommends an increase in the peace establishment of the active Militia; sixteen days' paid training ; and the organization of a Reserve Militia. He proposes that...

Harry Thaw, the young American millionaire who shot the architect

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Stanford White in 1906, escaped on Saturday from the Matteawan Lunatic Asylum, where he has been confined for the last five years. A taxicab drove up to the door of the asylum,...

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The Dublin correspondent of the Times has an interesting letter

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on the condition and prospects of the Royal Irish Con- stabulary in Wednesday's issue. Ulster Unionists maintain that the force is tending to become predominantly Roman Catholic...

Polling took place at Chesterfield on Wednesday, and the result

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was declared on Thursday as follows : Mr. Barnet Kenyon (Liberal-Labour) 7,725, Mr. E. Christie (Unionist) 5,539, Mr. J. Scurr (Socialist) 583. The result makes no difference in...

An appeal to the nation for £100,000 to ensure the

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adequate representation of the United Kingdom at the Olympic Games of 1916 in Berlin, signed by Lord Grey, Lord Harris, Lord Rothschild, Lord Strathcona, and the Duke of...

Liberal newspapers have been writing triumphantly about these figures as

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though the decrease in out-door relief meant that pauperism had been killed by old-age pensions. A child would be capable of understanding, we should think, that it does not...

The papers of Tuesday published a statement from Lord Tullibardine

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about the Dunne aeroplane, which is said to have excited admiration in France and also to have won at last the confidence of the War Office. This type of aeroplane was invented...

A Parliamentary Paper issued on Monday gives the figures for

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in-door and out-door relief since 1906, and shows their relation to old-age pensions. In 1906 the number of persons in receipt of out-door relief was 168,096; in January, 1913,...

The Management Committee of the Northumberland Miners' Association, with which

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Mr. Burt was so honourably con- nected for many years, have issued a remarkably outspoken circular on the cost of colliery strikes. After deploring the popularity which has...

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The annual celebrations at Londonderry in commemoration of the repulse of the besiegers in 1689 have been attended with serious disturbance. The procession of prentices last...

Bank Rate,41 per cent., changed from 5 per cent. April

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17th. ConsoLs (2-0 were on Friday 73i—Friday week 7311.

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TOPICS OF THE DAY.

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ENGLAND AND ISLAM. A MIDST the many important remarks made by Sir Edward Grey in his recent Parliamentary statement on the affairs of the Balkan Peninsula, none deserve greater...

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THE IRISH RIOTS AND SELF-DECEPTION.

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OME excellent people with the best intentions are once more trying politically to harness the rising tide of bitterness and strife in Ireland, and make it prove the need for...

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THE FAILURE OF THE LABOUR PARTY. T HE Chesterfield election leaves

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things very much where they were, except that it has pierced the Parliamentary Labour Party with an arrow sharper and more poisonous than any that has yet entered the body of...

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THE MOTOR TRAFFIC REPORT. T HE report of the Select Committee

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appointed to inquire into fatal accidents due to motor traffic in London would have been much more valuable than it is if the members of the Committee had not allowed their bias...

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T URNING now to the question of whether slavery—as distinct from

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the slave trade—still exists in Portuguese West Africa, it is to be observed that it is essential to inquire thoroughly into this question for the reason already given, viz.,...

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FRIENDS: ACTIVE AND PASSIVE.

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A VAST number of people, we fear a growing number, do not know the difference between friends and intimates. The word "sympathy" means to them something which is only necessary...

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THE FUTURE OF JOURNALISM.

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I N his address at the annual conference of the Institute of Journalists at York Mr. Donald, the President, drew a startling and ominous picture of the prospects of the...

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MUSHROOMS AND TOADSTOOLS.

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I T is only the unimaginative who should grow mushrooms in houses, in cellars, upon specially arranged trays, from carefully prepared layers of spawn. Other people should be...

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[TO TER EDITOR Or TER " SPECTATOR:1

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Sva,—The arguments urged in your article of August 9th, against the suggested withholding of the Royal assent from a Home Rule Bill passed without appeal to the people, are to...

LETTERS TO THE EDITOR.

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THE KING AND THE CONSTITUTION. [TO THE EDITOR OF TER "SPECTATOR:"] Sin,—I have to thank you for the obliging note in your current issue elicited by my request for information as...

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[To THE EDITOR 07THS " SPECTATOR."1

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Six,—In your article on "The King and the Constitution" in the issue of August 9th you condemn the idea of an appeal to the King as unheard-of, and seem surprised such an idea...

[To ram EDITOR OP TIM especreent.•9

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Sra,—I would like to have the views of your journal as to the King's right to change his Ministers. I should myself have thought that it was his duty to summon an Opposition...

[To THE EDITOR 07 VIZ " EPICTIT011."1 Sin,—Referring to editorial

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notes to correspondence on this topic in the Spectator of August 16th, Mr. Arnold White was certainly not alone in raising the question of petitioning the King to delay his...

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THE HOME RULE PETITION.

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[To THE EDITOR OF THE "SPECTATOB.") Sfa,—Even the bravest heart turns coward sometimes when danger threatens those it loves. Is it not possible that the Spectator, in its...

[To THE EDITOR OF THE "SPECTATOR."] SIR,—I cannot admit that

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Charles I. brought about his undoing by opposition to Ministers, owing it as he did to acquiescence in the counsels of a disastrous one. However, let that pass. You maintain in...

[To THIS EDITOR Of THE "Srscrerop...] SIR,—I am reluctant to

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trouble you again, especially as I am on the whole convinced that you are right in deprecating the petition suggested by Mr. Arnold White. At the same time I cannot help urging...

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MUNSTER AND HOME RULE.

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[To THR EDITOR OF TICE " SPRCTATOR."1 SIE,—I should like to draw your attention to what I believe to be the present feeling on the Home Rule Bill throughout the south of...

THE PEACE OF BUCHAREST. [TO TIIR EDITOR OF TER "SrEcTrroa."]

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Snt,—You say in your last issue that the settlement reached at Bucharest "inspires in Bulgaria the temper of a man who has been robbed and left bleeding by the roadside," and...

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THE ROYAL PREROGATIVE OF MERCY IN INDIA,

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[To THE EDITOR OF THE " SPECTI.TOF.. " ] SIR, — Your leaderette upon Sir John Hewett's action in the so-called "Sitapur case" undoubtedly hits the nail on the head. But one...

THE LIBERAL PRESS AND THE BALKAN WAR.

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[To THE EDITOR OF THE " SPECTATOR."1 Sin,—The signing of the Treaty of Bucharest is an oppor- tunity for reviewing the extraordinary attitude of the Liberal press during the...

GREEK HUMANITY AT SALONICA.

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[To THE EDITOR OF THE "SPECTATOR."] Sin,—Can you spare me space to give the glad news I have just heard that the Greek Government has granted Sister Augustine of Salonica ten...

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RATING APPEALS.

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[TO TEE EDITOR OF TEX SPECTATOR."] Sia,—In reply to a query in your issue of August 2nd, may I state that it is the usual practice for the overseer or iuy_istnnbi overseer of a...

'THE AVERAGE AGE OF THE TERRITORIALS.

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Uro TER EDITOR OF TEE "SPECTATOR."] 8111.,—Will you permit an obscure individual to address a grave warning to the people, as to one of the things which belong unto their peace...

PORTUGUESE SLAVERY.

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[To THE EDITOR OF THE " SPECTATOR."] SIR, — In the article in your last issue entitled "Portuguese Slavery," the highly esteemed writer of it is misled by an incident recorded...

LIFE IN A SANATORIUM.

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[To MR EDITOR OF TER "SPECTATOR."] SIR,—In the issue of August 9th one of your contributors tells of life in an English sanatorium. May I in a few words tell of life in an...

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THE COST OF LIVING.

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[To THE EDITOR OF THE " SPECTATOR."1 SIR,—Have you not given incorrect figures in your article • "The Cost of Living ? Take Macclesfield, for instance • On referring to page...

BREVITY.

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[To pii EDITOR OF THE "SFECIII011."] Srrt,—There must be many of the old friends of the late Bishop Thorold who could give specimens of his keen and caustic humour. May I cap...

WOODEN HOUSES.

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pro THE EDITOR CP THE "ErscTITos."1 SIR,—In your issue of August 9th Mr. Hillson James writes of framed houses standing two hundred and thirty-seven years. As oak was no doubt...

[TO THE EDITOR OF THE ...srEcuaDs."] SIR,—If the municipal authorities

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of our seaside resorts can be induced to construct bathing-places of the elaborate kind suggested in the Spectator of August 16th, bathers will be fortunate. In the meantime, I...

[To TEE EDITOR OF THE "SPECTATOR.'] have read with much

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interest the article on "The Ethics of Receiving." With regard to the question whether one can take one's friends abroad as guests without injury to their self-respect, surely...

BATHING-PLACES AND MACHINES.

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[TO THE EDITOR OP TVS " SPECTATOR."] • hope your interesting article upon this subject will meet the attention it assuredly deserves. It must make authorities and private...

THE ETHICS OF RECEIVING.

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[To THE EDITOR OF THE "SPECTATOR.") Sin,—How ancient is the problem of "The Ethics of Receiving," on which your columns last week contain so

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POETRY.

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THE HILLS. 'Opeatrpotpos Now men there be that love the plain With yellow cornland dressed, And others love the sleepy vales Where lazy cattle rest; But some men love the...

BOOKS.

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PHILIP, DUKE OF WHARTON.* MELvinnE's biography of the Duke of Wharton is a skilful piece of literary carpentry. He has made diligent use of his authorities, and in the Stuart...

NOTICE.—When "Correspondence" or Articles are signed with The writer's name

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or initials, or with a pseudonym, or are marked "Communicated," The Editor must not necessarily le held to be in agreement with the views therein expressed or with the mode of...

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CONSTITUTIONAL REFORM IN THE UNITED STATES.* THE two essays which

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are printed in this little volume were delivered by Mr. Elihu Root as the Stafford Little Lectures for 1913. English readers will be very glad to have the opportunity of...

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THE PRELUDES TO THE TRIPLE ENTENTE.* IN Problems of Power

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Mr. Fullerton has given us a most informing summary of the diplomatic history of Europe "from Sadowa to Kirk-Kilisse." Whether we agree with his conclusions or not, there can be...

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CHAPTERS OF REMINISCENCE.*

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A BOOK of recollections by the well-known Edinburgh advocate and authority upon Scots ecclesiastical law, Dr. Taylor Innes, has been posthumously published. The recollections...

A COWLEY FATHER ON HINDUISM.*

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Ix is not easy to give a brief yet adequate account of so multifarious a book as this. Many of its chapters deal, pleasantly enough, with topics so trite as mosquitoes, cobras,...

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SPAIN IN THE TWENTIETH CENTURY.*

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FIFTEEN years have passed since Spain seemed permanently crippled by the Spanish-American war ; yet, as always in time of peace, she has made slow but steady progress, and that...

SOCIETY, POLITICS, AND DIPLOMACY IN 1820-1864.*

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IN the preface to these "Passages from the Journal of Francis W. H. Cavendish," the editor (we are not told his name) is so anxious not to give the reader the impression that he...

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A FRENCH OBSERVER ON ENGLISH RADICALISM.* M. BARDOUX knows contemporary

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England as few foreign observers know it, and, let us add, as no English writer we can think of knows France. His student days at Oxford and his friendship with younger...

FICTION.

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THE COCKATOO.* IF hard cases make bad law, it does not follow that they conduce to bad fiction. The case of Tod Maclean, son of an Australian millionaire, born and bred in the...

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Gracechurch. By John Ayscough. (Longmans and Co. 6s.)—We are all

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by this time familiar with the standpoint of the writer who assumes the name of "John Ayscough." And as this book of studies purports to be the autobio- graphy of "John...

READABLE NOVELS. — Goslings. By J. D. Beresford. (W. Heinemann.

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6s.)—A new plague wipes out almost the whole male sex in Europe; with a very few cynical irreverences the tale satirizes conventions, and develops with reason and persuasive...

The Power Behind. By M. P. Willcocks. (Hutchinson and Co.

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6s.)—Whatever may be thought of the theories con- cerning modern life which Miss Willcocks appears to wish to ventilate in this novel, no one can deny the painstaking care with...

SOME BOOKS OF THE - WEEK.

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[Under this heading tea notice such Books of the week as hare oot been resorted for review in other forms.) Survey of London. Vol. IV.: "Chelsea," Part II. Edited by Sir...

and Stationery Co., Camborne, Cornwall. 3s. 6d. net.)—The parish which

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Mr. Coulthard describes takes its name from two Irish missionaries who are said to have effected a forcible landing at the mouth of the Hayle river about 500 A.D. In due time...

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Beauty for Ashes. By Lady Henry Somerset. (L. Upeott Gill

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and Son. is. net.)—In this little volume Lady Henry Somerset describes the treatment of female inebriates at her Cottage Homes at Duxhurst, near Reigate. The advantages of a...

How I Became a Governor. By Sir Ralph Williams (John

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Murray. 15s. net.)—This entertaining record of an adventurous and distinguished career should be read with enjoyment in many parts of the Empire. Sir Ralph's wander- ings began...

Bibliographical and other Studies on the Peruigilium Veneris, By Cecil

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Clementi. (B. H. Blackwell, Oxford. 3s. net.)— Mr. Clementi, whose excellent edition of the Pervigilimn will be remembered, has found time, in the intervals of his work as...