26 APRIL 1913

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BOOKS.

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THE PAGAN TRIBES OF BORNEO.* THE minute specialism of to-day almost necessitates in any scientific work some measure of co-operation. The book before us is clear evidence of its...

titerarp Oupplount,

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LONDON: APRIL 26th, 1913.

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SIR DAVID BAIRD.* SIR DAVID BARD was a famous and

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gallant soldier, and Captain Wilkin has written an interesting and useful account of his life. It does not pretend to be a study of character, but it is a faithful record of...

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THE SPENCER-STANHOPE LETTERS, 1806-1873, WE hope that many of our

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readers, for their own sake, are familiar with the preceding volumes by Mrs. Stirling, of which these two, now reviewed by us, complete a long and most interesting series. We...

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A HISTORY OF BANSTEAD.* Tito is a book of exceptional

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merit. Mr. Lambert's family, since the days of King Henry VIII., has played a conspicuous part in the local history of Banstead, and be has used the special knowledge derived...

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EMPIRES OF THE FAR EAST" "IT never rains but it

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pours" might be said with much truth of the number of books on Japan which have appeared in the last few years. Through most of them there runs a family • Empires of the Far...

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HI7TCHINSON'S NATURE LIBRARY.*

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THESE two volumes in a new series of books of popular natural history are full of promise. If the rest of the Nature Library keeps up the same standard of text and plates its...

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A NEW HISTORY OF ARCHITECTURE.* AT the present time it

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is fashionable to possess a little learning in architecture and the decorative arts, chiefly with a view to confounding the less learned. If this be not the intention, it is...

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PRESENT-DAY LIBERALISM.* HOPE rises with the publication of this volume,

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written by an intellectually able and very widely read author. But in the main it is disappointing. The meaning of Liberalism should surely have some fundamental connexion with...

THE NORMANS IN SICILY.*

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CONSIDERING the paramount importance of Norman influence in the development of Europe, it is strange that one of the most typical chapters of its history should hitherto haw...

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HISTORICAL CONTROVERSIES.t ON closing such a book as Dr. Gasquet's

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most recent work, the reviewer takes up his pen and his parable in fear and trembling. This is not so much because the Abbot-President of the English Benedictines is so minutely...

A. CONVINCED 'IMPERIALIST.*

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SIR HOWARD VINCENT himself was wont to declare that after his life-struggle had once begun "he never sat down," and those who follow the multifarious interests and activities...

MODERN TRADE UNIONISM.*

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AN anonymous author who has studied trade unionism in Great Britain, Australia, and the United States gives us here plenty of uncomfortable facts about recent strikes and...

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BRITISH BIRDS' NESTS.

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British Birds' Nests: How, Where, and When to Find and Identify Them. By Richard Kearton, F.Z.S., F.R.P.S. Illustrated with photographs by Cherry and Richard Kearton. With...

CURRENT LITERATURE,

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FREDERIC SHIELDS. The Life and Letters of Frederic Shields, 1833 - 1911. Edited by Ernestine Mills. With Photogravure Portrait and 41 other illus- trations. (Longmans and Co....

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TWO BOOKS ON THE ABOR

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In Abor Jungles. By Angus Hamilton, F.R.G.S. (Eveleigh Nash. 18s. net.)—In view of the avowed opinion of Lord Curzon and Lord Minto that the danger-point of our Indian frontier...

COTTAGE AND FARMHOUSE FURNITURE.

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Chats on Cottage and Farmhouse Furniture. By Arthur Hayden. (T. Fisher Ifnwin. 5s. net.)—This is a useful book of reference, as well as an interesting account of such pieces of...

LEST WE GROW HARD.

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Lest We Grow Hard. By Edward F. Russell, MA. (Longmans and Co. 2s. 6d. net.)—Mr. Russell's book is a series of addresses to nurses given in connexion with the Guild of St....

STAIRCASES AND GARDEN STEPS.

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Staircases and Garden Steps. By Guy Cadogaaa Rothery. (T. Werner Laurie. (is. net.)—This is the third volume of "The House Decoration Series." Mr. Rothery follows the evolution...

THE R. L. STEVENSON ORIGINALS.

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The it. L. Stevenson Originals. By E. B. Simpson. (T. N. Fauns. 6s. net.)—It is a singularly indiscreet curiosity that seeks to lift the veil which cloaks the lives of writers...

TWO BOOKS ON PHOTOGRAPHY.

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The Artistic Side of Photography. By A. J. Anderson. (Stanley Paul and Co. 12s. 6d. net.)—Mr. Anderson's book is welcome because it maintains that the interests of pictorial...

TREES SAND HOW THEY GROW.

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Trees and How they Vrow. By G. Clarke Nuttall, B.Sc., with fifteen autochromes by H. Essenhigh Corke, F.R.P.S., and a hundred and thirty-four photographs by the author. (Cassell...

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GUERILLA LEADERS OF THE WORLD.

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auerilla Leaders of the World. By Percy Cross Standing. (Stanley Paul and Co. 6s.)-Guerilla warfare gives valour its most picturesque opportunity, and the romantic element...

MEMORIES OF VICTORIAN LONDON.

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Memories of Victorian London. By Mrs. L. B. Walford. (Edward Arnold. 12s. 6d. net.)-In this age of reminiscence, when the fireside seems to afford our grandmothers too little...

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Printed by L. itveirrr Gina. & SoN, LTD., at the

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London and County Printing Works, Drury Lane, W.C. ; and Published by JOHN BASER for the • 4 4EcTATQH . ' tLinuted), it their Mee. No. 1 Weningtou Street, in the Preoinct of the...

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In spite of the apparent deadlock and the consequent dangers

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and anxieties caused by the attitude of defiance taken up "for the present" by the Montenegrins, we are, for the reasons given in another column, fairly optimistic about the...

Yet another fact in the past year must be noted.

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The expenditure for 1912-13 was estimated at 2186,885,000, but it was brought up to 2191,556,000 by Supplementary Estimates. In other words, the Supplementary Estimates amounted...

*triator

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FOR TIlE 'No. 4,426.] WEEK ENDING SATURDAY, APRIL 26, 1913. [ rAr BECISTEELD AS } PRICE 6D. NEWsEE. R BY POST...D. PCSTAGE ABROAD 210.

Mr. Austen Chamberlain, who spoke immediately after the Chancellor of

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the Exchequer, commenting upon the general effect of the speech, declared that Mr. Lloyd George would make a magnificent writer of prospectuses because he was so sanguine. As to...

* 4 * The Editors cannot undertake to return Manuscript in any

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case.

NOTICE.—With this week's "SracTe-ron" is issued, gratis, a

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LITERARY SUPPLEMENT.

In circumstances such as these, and in accordance with precedent,

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the Chancellor of the Exchequer might be expected to propose new taxation to meet the greater part of his estimated deficit. Such peddling pessimism, such dulness of spirit,...

It remains to notice some of the curiosities of the

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speech. The past year, we are told, in spite of three great obstacles— the coal strike, the bad harvest, and the war in the Near East, was the most prosperous year that British...

NEWS OF THE WEEK

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O N Tuesday the Chancellor of the Exchequer opened his Budget. The essential fact is that there is not going to be new or increased taxation this year. The premises on -which...

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Sir John French, the chief of the general staff, at

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the dinner of the London Chamber of Commerce on Thursday, used the following words :— " I really do not know what is going to happen at the coin'. mencement of a war in the way...

We have noted above the ferment in the Slavonic portions

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of the Dual Monarchy caused by the fall of Scutari and the threatened coercion of Montenegro by Austria-Hungary. Demonstrations, or rather attempts at demonstrations, have taken...

Lord Roberts had an overwhelmingly enthusiastic reception when be spoke

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on National Service at Leeds on Friday week. Only Glasgow remains to be visited in the series of great provincial meetings which Lord Roberts undertook to address the earlier...

On Friday week in the Reichstag the Socialist deputy, Dr.

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Liebknecht, brought charges of corruption against the great firm of Krupp and against officials of the Prussian War Office, which have produced a most painful impression...

As to corruption in the War Office, Dr. Liebknecht said

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that an agent of Krupps had bribed certain officials. The Prussian Minister for War admitted the acceptance of bribes, but declared that it was confined to some corporals and a...

Speaking at a luncheon given by the Lord Mayor of

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Leeds on Monday, Lord Roberts mentioned the origin of the figure 70,000, which is taken as the maximum number of troops who could invade Britain :— " That is a purely...

The Times correspondent says that there is now a plain

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issue : the Federal Council must yield or else maintain its constitutional objections and take the consequences of a conflict. Of course the disclosures are honey to those who...

In our opinion, though of course we may be proved

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wrong by events, what Austria-Hungary is doing is to try to bluff the Powers into doing what she dare not do herself. She is, as it were, trading upon her own recklessness of...

Scutari fell at midnight on Tuesday. There was an attack

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on the outer defences on Monday, but the town was not actually stormed. The garrison surrendered through the -want of ammunition and food. In spite of Montenegro's defiance of...

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In the Marconi Committee on Wednesday Major Archer- Shee gave

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evidence which not only completely exonerated him from the charge of having opposed the Marconi contract because he was financially interested in a rival company, but showed how...

Mr. John Burns said the Bill was vitiated by two

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cardinal defects—the system of grants and doles to land- owners and farmers, and the grant of a million to local authorities. The urban grant was unfair and unnecessary, because...

On Monday the Lords continued the Army debate which was

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begun on the previous Thursday. Lord Haldane declared that the Territorials, together with the Special Reserve and the Regulars left behind by the Expeditionary Force, would be...

The solution of this attempt to meet us with a

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dilemma is obvious. If the whole of the manhood of the nation is trained to arms, we may be quite certain that out of that great reservoir of trained men we shall always be able...

At the annual meeting of the Union Jack Club on

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Monday Prince Louis of Battenberg, the First Sea Lord, said that there could be no more foolish or mischievous statement than that the Fleet alone was good enough to keep an...

In the ensuing debate the attitude of the Ministerialists was

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in the main hostile, the view taken being that it was a measure to grant a bounty to landlords. But Mr. Roberts, the Labour member for Norwich, who urged that the problem should...

The Daily Chronicle of last Saturday gives a report of

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a speech by Mr. E. S. Montagu, Under-Secretary for India containing a most elaborate panegyric of the Insurance Act. The passage concludes as follows : "That was the result of...

The second reading of the Housing of the Working Classes

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Bill was moved by Sir R. Baker in the Commons yesterday week. He attributed the aggravation of the housing difficulty to the Budget of 1909, which checked building; to Old Age...

Bank Rate,41-per cent., changed from 5 percent. April 17th. Consols

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(2k) were on Friday 74—Friday week 75.

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TOPICS OF THE DAY.

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IS IT A DISSOLUTION BUDGET? T HIS is a year of marvels and surprises—a freak year. The Budget proves no exception. Indeed it may be said up to the present moment to be almost...

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THE FALL OF SCUTARI. T HE new European problem created by

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the fall of Scutari looks very dangerous, but for reasons which we shall give we believe it to be really less dangerous than it looks. At the first glance there is no denying...

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IN ORGANIZED HYPOCRISY. No. II. — HOME RULE.

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N OT only is the Liberal Government and Party "an organized hypocrisy" in its treatment of Home Rule, but the Home Rule Bill may in itself be described by these words. Indeed,...

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THE GOVERNMENT AND DIRECTORSHIPS.

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The first is from our issue of February 18th, 1899, when, of course, a Unionist Ministry was in power. This article, though entitled "Directors in Parliament," deals at length...

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HOW NOT TO TRAIN THE CLERGY.

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I F the Church of England is to remain a truly national Church it must comprehend the whole nation. It must not refuse its offices and ministrations to anyone who seeks them....

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BOX HILL.

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T HE story of King John and the Jew is being repeated in a modern setting. King John wanted money, and pulled out the Jew's teeth one by one until the Jew paid it him. To-day...

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EGGS, CO-OPERATION, AND THE FUTURE.

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T HE so-called "Egg Train" which has lately been touring North Wales, under the auspices of the National Poultry Organization Society, in conjunction with the Agricultural...

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LETTERS TO THE EDITOR.

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• -•-•••••■■••• THE HOUSE OF COMMONS AND HOME RULE. TO TRH EDITOR OF TOM " SPECTATOR."] SIR,—We are threatened with a constitutional crisis, which very possibly may vie in...

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THE MARCONI CASE.

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[To nix EDITOR OF TER "SPECTATOR."] SIE, — Letters such as that of your correspondent "A Non- conformist Minister" obscure the real significance of recent revelations. We are...

THE ROYALIST PRISONERS IN PORTUGAL.

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[To THE EDITOR OF TER "SPECTATOR."] Slit,—The tyrannical rulers of Portugal are totally unable to refute the charges brought against them by Adeline Duchess of Bedford. To deny...

[To TER EDITOR OF THE "SPECTATOR."]

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SIR,—The letter of your correspondent, Mr. Eden, suggests the inquiry, "Is it reasonable to expect that the status long associated in the public view with membership of the...

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[To THE EDITOR. Or THZ "SPECTATOR"] Sru,—There appears to be

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serious misapprehension here as to both the nature and the probable outcome of the British protest on behalf of the Portuguese political prisoners. In his statement in the...

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GERMANY AND ENGLAND.

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[To THE EDIT011 OF THE "SPECTATOR.1 SrE,—Your correspondent " Germanicus " in his letters always speaks of Germany as " us " and assumes that "us," i.e., Germany, endorses his...

[To THE EDITOR OE THE " SPECTATOR."]

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Srn,—By your footnote to " Germanicus's" letter in your issue of April 19th you appear to ridicule his suggestion of a Turkish menace to Egypt. Whether the Prussian system is...

PORTUGUESE SLAVERY.

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[To MI EDITOR OF THE "Bpacri.roa..'] SIR,—Although you are closing the correspondence as to the pamphlet "Alma Negra," I am sure that in justice to Portugal you will not refuse...

THE REFERENDUM IN SWITZERLAND.

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[TO THE EDITOR OF THE "Simms/v[4n SM, — You no doubt have noticed how the Swiss Parliament, after a long and somewhat heated debate, has just formally and finally ratified the...

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" NOLENS VOLENS !" "WHO'S COMPELLED ? " [To THE

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EDITOR OP THE “SPECTATOR...] SIR,—So far none of your correspondents on the National Service question has tackled the master-fallacy of the voluntaryists, who actually think...

THE HONOUR OF A SCOUT.

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[To THE EDITOR OF Tux "SPECTITOR...] SIR,—I read the interesting article on the Boy Scout, and I believe I admire more now a movement which I have much thought of before. It is...

[TO THE EDITOR OF THE " SPECTAT011,1

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SIR, — It is well to abuse the Government for not promoting National Service, but should not a word of admonition be also administered to the "manhood" of Great Britain ? They...

"A MEDLEY OF PHILOSOPHY AND WAR." [To THE EDITOR OF

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THE "SPECTATOR."] Sin,—You may rest assured I think that the above virile and common-sense article in your issue of the 19th inst. will be perused with interest and gratitude...

NATIONAL DEFENCE.

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[To THE EDITOR OF THE " SPECTATOR.'] SIR, — In a multitude of counsellors there is confusion- On the 19th inst., speaking at Birmingham, Colonel Seely, Secretary of State for...

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[To THE EDITOR OF THE "SPECTATOR."] SIR,—Whilst wondering at the

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irrelevance of "Mobled Queen," permit me to protest against the hybrid " Paxa- mist " which you pronounce "good." In coining new words some regard should be paid to the...

PACIFICIST, PACIFIST, PHILOPACIST, OR —?

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[To TlIE EDITOR OY THE "SPECTATOR."] SIR, — I must say I do not like " paxamist." It is too much like "taximeter "; anyhow, that is how it struck me the moment I saw it. The way...

[TO THE EDITOR OF THE "SPECTATOR."]

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Sin,—Your correspondent, "H. W. B.," in your issue of April 19th, defends Whitson-Day against Whit-sunday. Is there a higher authority than the late W. W. Skeat? In his concise...

LONDON UNI V.ERSITY SITE.

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[TO THE EDITOR OF THE "SPECTATOR.") SIB, — Your admirable suggestion of a site between the British Museum and Oxford Street for the University of London carries out the...

BAD WORDS.

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[TO THE EDITOR OF THE "SPECTATOR.") Sin,—The first definition of a housebreaker in the Oxford Dictionary is "One who breaks open and enters a house with intent to commit...

"ELEGANT EXTRACTS."

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[To THE EDITOR Or THE "SPECTATOR."] SIR, — In your issue of April 19th your correspondent gives a very apt quotation from" Elegant Extracts" in the "Ode to Pitt," most...

[To SHE EDITOR 01 THE "SPECTATOR."' SIR, — May I say that

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I agree absolutely with the Scout- master who wrote "The Honour of a Scout" in your issue of April 19th? I have had my troop now for two years, and can endorse every word be...

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"THE MODERN CHURCHMAN."

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[To THE EDITOR Of rag " SPECTATOR:] Sin,—May I try to interest your readers in "The Modem Churchman," a magazine which is entering on its third year of existence and does not...

THE EARLY SPRING.

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[TO THE EDITOR OF THE " SPEcreros."] SIR,—Perhaps some of your readers may be interested to - knaw that a full-sized bat was flying about this house on the evening of Saturday,...

HANS OF THE " ELBERFELDERS " : A VISIT TO

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HANS RECALLED. [TO THE EDITOR OF THE "SEF,CTATuk...] SIR,—I was very much interested to read in a letter to the-- Spectator that my friend Hans—" der kluge Hans," of Herr ....

MR. MACAULIFFE AND THE SIKHS. [To THE EDITOR OF THE

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" tiracr■-roa."] SIR,—Your correspondent of last week, referring to the late Mr. Max A. Macauliffe, says that some of the reasons of the Government for refusing his valuable...

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THEOLOGICAL DEGREES AT OXFORD.

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[To THE EDITOR 07 THE " SPECTATOE."] Sin, — Now that the day is approaching on which the new statutes will be voted upon, we wish to be allowed through your columns to remind...

NOTICE.—When "Correspondence" or Articles are signed with the writer's name

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or initials, or with a pseudonym, or are marked ". Communicated," the Editor must not necessarily be held to be in agreement with the views therein expressed or with the mode of...

"BANFES'S HORSE."

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[To THE EDITOR 07 THE " SPECTATOR...3 Sin,—The interesting letter on "The Elberfeld Horses" (Spectator, April 12th) recalls Shakespeare's reference to "Bankes's Horse" in...

" GERMANICUS'S" LETTERS.

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WE have received another very interesting letter from "Germanicus," but we feel a difficulty about publishing any • more letters from him unless he will disclose to us his name...

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FOETRY.

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PASSE-PIED. (To M. S.) Strut cool peace as fills Dim solitudes with trembling light at eve Fresh after summer thunder : the thin leaves Stir gleaming, and grow still; then the...

ART.

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THE INTERNATIONAL SOCIETY. As several prominent members of the International Society -of Sculptors, Painters, and Gravers have become associated with the Royal Academy, it...

BOOKS.

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THE WRITING OF HISTORY.* WHAT are the purposes of history, and in what spirit should it be written ? Such, in effect, are the questions which Mr. Gooch propounds in this very...

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DU MATTRIER.* Me. T. MARTIN WOOD has already written discerning

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studies of the work of Whistler and Mr. Sargent. In this book on -du Maurier his materials are curiously exiguous, which was not the ease in the other essays. And we cannot help...

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CLARA SCHUMANN.*

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is not long since we noticed in these columns the admirable work of Miss Florence May—The Girlhood of Clara Schumann, in which the relations of the great pianist to her father,...

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AN INTRODUCTION . TO BERGSON:* M. Beffason has the good fortune

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to be the -one phileeopher of to-day who has an audience ambng- the unlearned us %Prelims the. le arned - in technical ithilbeephy; -and for the -former a guide is desirabkt: to...

WORDS OF WITNESS:*

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IF the clergy of the English Church can no longer lay claim to the epithet of stupor mundi, it must be acknowledged that they still produce sterling work in all_ branches of...

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DR. PUSEY.*

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A SHORT life of Dr. Pusey in the "English Churchman's Library" has just come out by Mr. George Russell. It is, of course, a sketch of the Tractarian movement. In that move- ment...

T1FIR QUARTERLIE S.

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Is an editorial article in the Edinburgh Review Mr. Harold Cox argues against the demands of the National Service League. He maintains that the four months' training pro- posed...

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READABLE NOVELS. — Mixed Grill. — By W. Pett Ridge. (Hodder and Stoughton. 38.

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6d.)—A collection of short stories which, while some of them are very entertaining, are not all quite equal to the reputation of their author — Karen of Lowbole. By Una L....

The Combined Maze. By May Sinclair. (Hutchinson and Co- 6s.)—This

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is a realistic and, it must be added, sordid tragedy of middle-class life. The hero, whose full name is John Randall Fulleymore Ransom°, and who is always called "Benny," is a...

The Weaker Vessel. By E. F. Benson. (W. Heinemann. 6s.)

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—In Mr. Benson's new novel he draws five admirably contrasted principal characters. The father of Eleanor, the heioine, Mr. Ramsden, a wise and benevolent country clergyman, has...

F IC TIO N.

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OUTLAW'S LUCK.* " KID " PREVOST, alias El Chico, the central figure of Miss Mackellar's engaging romance, was a very attractive yormg man without being good-looking. He was...

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Nrw EDITIONS. — An Adventure. (Macmillan and Co. Ss. 61 net.)—The story

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of the two ladies who, on a visit to the Petit Trianon, were under the impression that they saw their surround- ings as they existed at the time of Marie Antoinette will be...

Newspaper Reporting and Correspondence. By Grant Milner Hyde, M.A. (D.

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Appleton and Co. 6s. net.)—Much amusement of a rather cynical kind is to be found in this "manual for reporters," written by the "Instructor in Journalism in the University of...

SOME BOOKS OF TIIE WEEK.

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[ I'll der this heading Ire r olio: such Books of the week as hare not Leen reserred for review in other forms.] Towards a New Theatre. By Edward Gordon Craig. (J. M. Dent and...

Thrift, a Commonsense Book for Girls. By F. M. Foote.

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(George Bell and Sons. 8d.)—This useful little book, by a Council school Inistress, lays great emphasis on the value of good management in little things, particularly as applied...