27 SEPTEMBER 1935

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The Memel Elections Events at Memel on Sunday, when the

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much-discussed elections take place, will be watched with anxiety throughout Europe. Whatever its faults in the past Lithuania has in the last few weeks shown itself fully alive...

That a conflict between the League and Italy can still

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be averted seems unlikely. Signor Mussolini is un- doubtedly impressed by the opposition he has provoked, Particularly in this country, and might yet retrace his course if he...

°num : 99 Gower St., London, TV.C,1. Tel. : MUSEUM

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1721. Entered as second-class Mail Matter at the New York, N.Y. Post Office, 23rd, 1896. Postal subscription 30s, per annum, to any part of the world. Postage on this issue :...

NEWS OF THE WEEK

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T E League of Nations Council, which met on [I Thursday as a result of the failure of the attempts of the Committee of Five, can hardly fail to proceed now iii accordanCe with...

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The Milk Dispute The milk distributors' committee may or may

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not have been wrong in objecting to the prices fixed by the Milk Marketing Board, but it will certainly be in the wrong if it attempts to hold up a public service by refusing to...

Chinese Progress While the advice so high an authority on

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public finance as Sir Frederick Leith-Ross can give to the Government at Nanking may be counted on to promote stability in China in that field, it is satisfactory to learn, on...

The Church Crisis in Germany Only scanty information is available

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as we gb to press. regarding the important meeting of the Prussian Con- fessional Synod which opened at Steglitz on Tuesday. The session was expected to be momentous and there...

* Evolving Russia The evolution of Russia may turn out

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to be the most important process now going on in. Europe. There is nothing spectacular about it, but from time to time dis- connected items of news throw . light on the...

'Trade Agreements to Lower Tariffs There has been a useful

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discussion on bilateral trade agreements this week in the Second Committee of the League Assembly, arising out of a resolution moved by M. Bonnet, the French Minister of...

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Dissenting Labour Leaders The Labour Party as a whole, both

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in its political and its industrial organisation, has thrown its weight on the side of the Government in regard to its action on behalf of League principles and collective...

Road Traffic Courts The Chief Constable of Southport, speaking at

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the National Road Conference on Tuesday, pointed out that magistrates still hesitate to inflict suitable punishment for dangerous driving—namely, iMprisonment and with- drawal...

Boots for Italy — Trade Union Action " Members must be warned

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that in no circumstances are they to make goods for the Italian Government." Such is the instruction issued by the executive of the National Union of Boot -and Shoe Operatives...

A Bishop Delivers ‘ Judgement If the Rural Dean of Wearmouth

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may possibly have Contemplated exceeding his clerical duties in his sym- pathy for the Durham miners, it is certain that the Bishop of Durham has exceeded his in the complacent...

The Evil. of Smoke Year after year we listen to

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welt justified protests against the pollution of atmosphere by smoke, but the evil, if slightly diminished, continues. One thousand tons of sulphuric acid are daily poured into...

The Christian Citizen The campaign which the Methodist Church is

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about to nadertake with a view to impressing on its younger Xnenibers the responsibilities of Christian citizenship, in regard to such 'questions as world peace, the social...

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ACHIEVEMENT AT GENEVA

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THE Italo-Abyssinian dispute, after a week which has seen' the issue Of one coMmuniqice urieX- pectedly conciliatory in form and another singularlY cryptic by the Italian...

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" 2 . 113 1 tianui 13 4 3 43 `04dtia13xa `441111 Jo asua 044 u!

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pas a l ia .44 jo aaoui atunsuoa pinoto auqud 3114 4 1 3q1 3uu14 311113S 043 4 13 putt `oonpoid .14044 .103 00!ad am413,ta -untuaa U Jo pans aq pinoqs saaanpoad 0144 4tt44 Si...

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I am impressed by the estimate of the German situation

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given by Herr Gregor Strasser to the Paris paper Excelsior. Herr Strasser was one of Hitler's earliest associates in the old Munich days, but also one of the sanest, which is no...

In Down the Years (I make no apology for recurring

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to a volume whose varied contents have given me singular enjoyment) Sir Austen Chamberlain tells of an evening he spent with Lord Balfour at Paris during . the Peace Conference,...

But to return to Mr. Garvin's dog (over whose tomb

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when his prophylactic activities are ended the legend extinctor extinclus will doubtless be inscribed),—certain questions inevitably obtrude themselves. He is, as a later...

I should have expected women's clothes to be the last

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things in the world to be affected by an international crisis, but I am told on authority I cannot but respect that all the new Paris confections have caught the feeling of the...

A SPECTATOR'S NOTEBOOK

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M R. GARVIN'S dog provided some welcome relief on Sunday in the midst of the statutory three columns devoted to , the vindication of Signor Mussolini's pro- claimed intention to...

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jo oFtspodsaa oaout ail Jo au/ . puma otim stnaurtli os

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MOLLS awns aq StfULI wain 'song/II/Ay Nom JOJ 2uns/m 4notplm .quitna 04 4 tt l atnioj p i t1145A. 04 01rg131!AV Nation gnu uttuniti 1113 aoj °I 1 1 1 ssod sum lt 02u /Cativo° -...

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CENTRAL EUROPE AND MUSSOLINI

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By GODFREY LIAS F OR the past live weeks I have been travelling around Central Europe and have scarcely beard a single voice raised in support of Italy. Even in Austria, in...

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SENTIMENTAL JUSTICE

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By A BARRISTER-MAGISTRATE W ITHIN reasonable limits, sentiment in legislation ,is, no 'doubt, a desirable quality. But when it degen- erateS-Las it is always calculated to do —...

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VILLAGE INDIA : THE MONEYLENDER

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By GIRIJA MOOKERJEE T HROUGHOUT Northern India the moneylender is generally called the " Mahajan," which literally means the " great one." One does not know when and how the...

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WITH EARS

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By HELEN SIMPSON I T was a kind of literary snobbery that impelled me to buy the Spanish newspaper, a special number concerned with the tercentenary of Lope de Vega. I knew...

ANALYSIS. OF A JOURNEY

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By GRAHAM GREENE T HE choice of a journey often deserves a writer's . attention quite as much as the journey itself. Travel, like dreaming, is a form of emotional satisfaction,...

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Marginal Comments EVE OF TERM

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By JAN STRUTHER I N my gallery of unpainted pictures (those impalpable treasures which neither fade nor depreciate, and which cost nothing whatever to insure) there hangs,...

A Hundred Years Ago

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" THE SPECTATOR, " SEPTEMBER 28TH, 1835. A•i' the Hatton Carden Office, on Tuesday, a poor, miserable creature was committed to the House of Correction for ten . days, as a...

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Communication

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A Letter from Geneva [To the Editor of THE SPECTATOR.] Sett,—There is general satisfaction in Geneva at the course that events have taken. It is argued that the reply of the...

Merlin

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0 MERLIN in your crystal cave Deep in the diamond of the day, Will there ever be a singer Whose music will smooth away The furrow drawn by Adam's finger Across the meadow and...

The Hall Mirror

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C. H. 0. Scaife in C. P. P. Cavafy.) (TranWate e d oi f ia ro bo fft ra t collaborat ion n G w re il e i l 1 4: THE rich house had a very large, old mirror in its hall It could...

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STAGE AND SCREEN The Theatre

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• "Nina." By Bruno Frank. At the Criterion Theatre IT must be put to the credit of this play that although it is about an actress, and a cinema actress at that, it manages to...

The Cinema

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"Jazz Comedy." At the Academy—" Two for Tonight." At the Plaza Jazz Comedy is the best thing that has happened to the cinema since Rene Clair made The Italian Straw Hal....

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Music "Koanga." At Covent Garden

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EvEit since the beginning there has been a conflict for supremacy between the three elements in opera —music, drama and spectacle. Now one, now the other has taken the front of...

Art

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Soviet Art ONE of the most remarkable. features of the art of the Soviet Union during the last few years is the extreme unevenness of its manifestations in different forms. In...

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Natural Countrymen An idea of this nature, if practically administered

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in a suitable place (and very many places are suitable), has a number of ancillary advantages beside the provision of wealth in the form of cheaper food of a good quality. The...

Gale Victims

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Many gales in the records (above all that of March, 1016) have done much more damage to trees than those of last week ; but the date being rather unusual involved certain forms...

This odd question . has been asked me by an observant

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travel- ler : Why are all Norwegian birds black and white ? The only suggested answer is that, as in France, the magpie, that most salient marauder, is absurdly prevalent. The...

A Floral Experiment An ingenious and useful experiment undertaken last

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year at Kew has been in some measure anticipated by an amateur research worker. The experiment concerns the bluebell. One block was picked hard. One block was so plucked that...

Salted Leaves

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One of the more curious relics of the September gales is the apparently scorched leaf of many of our inland trees. The edges are curled and browned exactly in the same manner as...

COUNTRY LIFE

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A Communal Farm Of all the schemes devised or practised for supplying the unemployed with a profitable occupation for their leisure none seems to me more fitly adapted to its...

An Australian Seed

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A particular story of a seed has pleased ine greatly. went last week to a charming flower and vegetable show iri the Kew Gardens district. Most of the exhibits came frpni little...

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LETTERS TO TI1E EDITOR

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[coriespondents are requested to keep their letters as brief as is reasonably possible. The most suitable length is that of one of our " News of the Week" paragraphs: Signed...

SANCTIONS , FOR WHAT ?

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[To the Editor of THE SPECTATOR.] Sin,—The League Committee of Five, faced with overwhelming evidence about the last stronghold of slavery, have recom- mended that Abyssinia...

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ANTI-AIR RAID PRECAUTIONS

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[To the Editor of TIIE SPECTATOR.] SIR,—In your last issue you refer to the statement recently issued over the signatures of Lord Russell and a distinguished list of scientists...

CHINESE STUDENTS IN ENGLAND

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[To the Editor of THE SPECTATOR.] Sin,—The Universities' China Committee endeavours to deal with the problems of Chinese Students in England as stated by Mr. 0. M. Green in his...

FORCE, LEGAL AND ILLEGAL

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[To the Editor of THE SPECTATOR.] Sin,—Mr. Mumford finds my " logic " difficult to follow because we speak in different languages and he does not understand mine. I am a "...

THE ASSYRIANS

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[To the Editor of THE SPECTATOR.] SIft,—It must have been with great satisfaction that the, friends of the unfortunate Assyrians have read of the scheme for the settlement of...

WAS BALFOUR A CELT ?

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[To the Edith r of THE SPECTATOR.] Sin,—The claim that the Lowlanders of Scotland are mainly of English (Anglian) stock seems grossly exaggerated. The evidence of place mimes...

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EXPANSIONISM : FACT AND ILLUSION

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sul,_In his [ a T it o ic th ie e l' li E 0 5: the S P ECTATOR . ] e ll Te A stran ge abo v eT O r t. Norman Angell commits himself to in d:ootri your °f p aper ? subjec t...

OPINIONS ON OXFORD fro the Editor of THE SPECTATOR.] 'SIR,--Your

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correspondent, Mr. Neville Masterman, dismisses Mr. Keith 13riant's defence of Oxford journalism on the ground that Mr. Briant is an editor, and therefore " an inte- rested...

THE INDIA ACT AND CONGRESS

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[To the Editor of THE SPECTATOR.] Sia,—Now that the India Act is on the Statute Book there is inevitably much speculation in India as to Congress's future tactics. Rightly or...

FRANKFORT AND " FAUST "

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[To the Editor of Tint SPECTATOR.] Sin,—It was with great pleasure that I read Mr. Hamilton Fyfe's article in The Spectator of September 13th. Being a citizen of Frankfort, it...

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Mauriciens

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[D'un correspondant francaisl LE bi-centenaire de In fondation de Port-Louis par rillustre marin Mahe de la Bourdonnais ramene actuellement la curiosite de l'opinion viers le...

THE FUTURE OF AFRICA

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[To the Editor of Tim SrEcrwron.] Sia,--I am sorry if 1 have misrepresented the proposal of Lord Noel-Buxton and Sir John Harris. It seemed to me that their proposal in itself...

PROPAGANDA AND THE PRESS

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[To the Editor of Ti u SPEcTArou.1 Sin,—Mr. Hammond's excellent article on the dangers of modern propaganda, which you published in a recent issue, was timely and true. Here, no...

SIR SAMUEL HOARE

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[To the Editor of TIIE SPECTATOR.] Sni,—Your interesting Occasional Biography of Sir Samuel Hoare calls for one comment. You say that when he went to the India Office, " he...

DIRECT subscribers who are changing their addresses are asked to

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notify THE SPECTATOR office BEFORE MIDDAY OH MONDAY OF EACH WEEK. The previous address to which the paper has been sent and receipt reference number should be quoted.

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Charles Gore

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By DR. ALBERT MANSBRIDGE IT is difficult, if not impossible,, for the present generation. to realise the remarkable influence exerted by Charles Gore over the religious, and...

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A Great Airman

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remotely connected with the old Flying Corps inevitably switched sooner or later to Brancker, to Brancker's work and to his irrepressible social gaieties. The 'switch was...

Sir Austen's Memories

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Down the Years. . By the Rt. Ilan. Sir Austen Chamberlain. (Cassell. 15s.) HISTORIANS • will bless Sir Austen Chamberlain: Instead of following • some rather portentous writers...

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Kierkegaard.

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Kierkegaard : His Life and Thought. By E. L. Allen. (Stanley Nott. Os.) KIERKEGAARD, like Marx, is a product, by reaction, of Hegel. liege1 had at least this virtue he left...

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A Musical Cram-Book

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A History of Musical Thought. By Donald N. Ferguson. (University of Minnesota Press. London : Kegan Paul. 21s.) MR. FERGUSON'S title is a misnomer.. His book is at once...

The Camera Eye

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A Grammar of the Film. By Raymond Spottiswoode. (Faber and Faber. 10s. 6d.) Mn. Seorriswoonn has written a very valuable book. It has been his aim, in his own words, " to make...

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Sir John Squire

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Da. Jonsrsox or Lord Macaulay would have found words in which to dismiss this disastrous and unashamed publication, but the great days of critical disapprobation and scholarly...

Mirabeau

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Mirabeau. By Everts Scudder. (Arthur Barker. 108.) WHERE the subject is still so comparatively unhaekneyed as Mirabeau, a good popular biography like Mr. Scudder's deserves a...

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The Beloved Captain

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Tins is the biography of one of the most remarkable men of the post-War generation. - When he was drowned just three years ago, Watkins, at the age of twenty-five, had . already...

Short Stories

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IT has become more and more apparent that the newer American short-story writers are contributing a fresh and disturbing element to fiction which is constituting them an iI...

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Fact , Fict ion and the Inferno

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Black Marla, By Harry Hodge. (Gollancz. 83. 6d.) TILE old gag about fact being stranger than fiction persists in holding the stage, how . ever venornotislY a full house of...

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Fiction

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By WILLIAM PLOMER • ONE of the principal dangers that beset the novelist is the mismanagement of language, and it is a danger. that none of these four authors has altogether...

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Pawl now on to the end of the year your

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bargain-hunter is at his busiest. In the language of the cinema he is trailing an ideal. The motor show is next month and if only half the stories about the staggering numbers...

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* * * STRONG BALANCE-SHEET.

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The Balance-Sheet is also a very strong one, with a total of cash at £1,874,218 against £691,197 a year ago. It must be remembered that some two years ago the steel industries...

Finance Australia's Surplus

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THERE are many encouraging points in the Australian Budget for the current year which was presented last Monday to the Parliament at Canberra by Mr. Casey, the Assistant...

HARRIS ONS AND CIIOSFIELD.

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The report of this important Company for the year ending June 80th last is a distinctly encouraging one. A' year ago there was a good increase in the profits, and this increase...

Financial Notes

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UNITED STEEL. No better example of the recovery which has taken place in some of the staple industries could be cited than that of the United Steel Companies, whose report for...

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. THE LATE MR. HENRY BELL.

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By the death, which occurred on Friday last week, of Mr, Henry Bell, a Director of Lloyds Bank, the City has suffered the loss of one who will always be regarded as one of the...

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"The Spectator" Crossword No. 157

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BY ZENO [A prize of one guinea will be given to the sender of the first correct solution of this week's crossword puzzle to be opened. Envelopes should be marked " Crossword...

SOLUTION TO CROSSWORD NO. 156.

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MEM ' Ul N A All nil I I 10 . • S Ti S IMITA RiljS III3 I. E UI RINI I D I CI AI TI MO El Al L 0 III A ' I AI PI OILL: SITI A v LEJ sp a RI uls Tll...