30 SEPTEMBER 1911

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The Italian ultimatum was presented at Constantinople on Thursday. In

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it the Italian Government drew attention to their economic grievances in Tripoli and then made the admis- sion that Turkey had recently offered redress. The ultimatum then...

The negotiations over Moroco have been eclipsed by the more

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critical dispute between Italy and Turkey. The hopes of ari early settlement which we mentioned last week remain on the whole, although Germany has raised some new objec-...

The ultimatum had been preceded by instructions to Italian merchant

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ships to leave Turkish ports. This precau- tion, and information already received from Rome, had had the effect of warning, the Turkish Government of what was contemplated, and...

NEWS OF THE WEEK.

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W E face the possibility that within a few hours of these lines being written a state of war may exist between Italy and Turkey. It is a bitter disappointment that at the moment...

We do not, of course, mean that Italy, as her

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interests and her strength grow, should not extend her influence and exact just treatment for her nationals. In that respect Italians would enjoy here all the sympathy which...

*** The Editors cannot undertake to return Manuscript in any

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case.

Even if the Turkish Government thought a struggle hopeless and

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abandoned the attempt to hold Tripoli, they might deter. mine to pull the whole fabric , of European stability to pieces. This they could do by seizing Greek territory. Such an...

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Mr. McKenna, speaking at Abersychan on Tuesday, said that last

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March he had held out the hope that the tide of naval xpenditure would cease to rise at the end of this year, and that if foreign competition did not increase beyond the known...

We deeply regret to record an appalling disaster in the

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French Navy on Monday, when the battleship Liberte ' was destroyed by an explosion in Toulon harbour. Two hundred and seventeen officers and men were killed and 184 were...

Setting aside these party machinations, it was enough for them

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in Ulster to know that there was to be formed in Dublin a Parliament and an Executive responsible to that Parliament That constituted a tyranny to which they never could and...

The final figures of the Canadian elections made no appre-

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ciable change in the result we recorded last week. The Conservatives come into power with a majority of fifty, independent of the Nationalists. Mr. Borden, the new Premier, has...

M. Kokovtsoff has become Prime Minister in Russia in place

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of M. Stolypin. He is chiefly known for having safely guided the finances through the extraordinarily difficult period which followed the war with Japan and the revolution. He...

General Botha made a remarkable speech addressed to his constituents

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in the Losberg district on Monday. He ex- pressed regret at the publication during his absence from South Africa of the Volkstem article urging that South Africa should remain...

A great anti-Home Rule demonstration, attended by more than 100,000

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persons, was held at Craigavon, Belfast, on Saturday last. Lord Erne, who presided, made a good point in his comment on Mr. Redmond's speech to the Eighty Club. A large portion...

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We quite agree with Sir Edward Carson that Belfast is

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the key of the situation, or, as we wrote last December, unless the Dublin Parliament has got the rich city of Belfast and the manufacturing districts of the North to tax it...

At a meeting of 400 Unionist delegates held on Monday,

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presided over by Lord Londondery and addressed by Sir Edward Carson, it was resolved to make arrangements for a provisional Government of Ulster. A Commission was accordingly...

Four managers of Irish railways gave evidence on Wednesday, and

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all agreed that the Conciliation Scheme had in the main worked well, though it admitted of improve. ment. Mr. Butterworth, the manager of the North Eastern, who gave evidence...

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Further evidence on behalf of the railway companies has been

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given before the Royal Commission during the week. Mr. Marriott, goods manager on the Lancashire and Yorkshire Railway, asserted that the Conciliation Scheme of 1907 had worked...

The situation on the Irish railways has greatly improved since

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our last issue. The bad advice given by the Executive of the Amalgamated Society has not been followed ; there has been no general strike ; the companies have remained firm and...

We regret to have to record the wreck of the

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naval airship built for the Admiralty by Messrs. Vickers at Barrow-in- Furness. After various trials for stability and buoyancy the airship had been accepted by Captain Sueter,...

Wednesday's papers contained the report of the gun trials of

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the super-Dreadnought 'Orion' which took place off Owers Lightship, south of Seise) , Bill. Four full charges were fired from each gun, and then the whole ten 13.5 guns were...

The by-election in the Kilmarnock Burghs caused by the death

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of Mr. Rainy, who was returned in the Liberal interest at the elections of 1906 and 1910 by majorities varying from 2,525 to 3,231, was decided on Wednesday. At the last four...

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THE CANADIAN ELECTIONS.

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P OLITICIANS of all parties in Great Britain will unite in an expression of strong personal sympathy with Sir Wilfrid Laurier, whose long term of office has been brought to an...

TOPICS OF THE DAY.

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ITALY, TURKEY, AND TRIPOLI. I T must not be supposed that the perilous crisis which Italy has precipitated by her action in respect of Tripoli is due to a sudden outburst over...

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POLITICAL BRIBERY. H ITHERTO we have criticised the National Insurance Bill

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mainly from the point of view of detail, and we have attempted to show that the Bill does very badly things which there is no necessity for doing at all, and leaves undone...

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PUGILISM AND COLOUR.

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THE point in the much-discussed Johnson-Wells fight —happily abandoned so far as England is concerned— which has so greatly moved the public is somewhat hard to seize. There is...

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A SECRET SERVICE.

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T HERE is only one class in the community which has not been represented in fiction or in poetry, and that is the servant class. Domestic service is romanceless. Trae, we can...

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THE MYSTIC GULF.

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T HERE was nothing in the old garden that appealed to us as children more than its eastern boundary. The great twelve-foot wall was the home and centre of all manner of queer...

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THE COOMB OF SILENCE.

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THE BALLAD OF SHEPHERD OATES. Q UIETUDE is the dominant characteristic of the Red Coomb Farm. At no hour of the day or night, and at no season of the year, can it be said to be...

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LETTERS TO THE EDITOR.

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THE LEGAL POSITION OF STRIKERS. [To THE EDITOR or THE "SPECTATOR:9 Sin,—In my letter which you kindly published on Saturday, Sept. 23rd, I refrained from quoting the Act of...

EDUCATIONAL ANTIDOTES TO UNREST. [To THE EDITOR OPT= "spncrAroa."1

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Sin,—The "wild and whirling words" of such amateur politicians as Mr. Ramsay MacDonald and Mr. Keir Hardie in the recent debates and elsewhere ought to drive home to us all a...

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[To THE EDITOR OF THE " EPECTATOR."3 SiR,—Yon are, very

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rightly, an ardent and insistent advocate of the duty incumbent on every citizen to qualify himself, by some military training, for the defence of his country. I think, however,...

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THE FALLACY OF VISIBLE WEALTH.

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[To THE EDITOR OF THE " SPECTITOR7.1 SIR,—In at least two of your recent leading articles dealing with the relations between capital and labour you have dwelt upon the great...

NATIONALIZATION OF RAILWAYS.

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[TO THE EDITOR OP THE "SPECTATOR."] Sin,—Part of the speech of Mr. J. Pointer, M.P. for Attercliffe, Sheffield, at Haggar's Theatre, Llanelly, on Sunday, 17th inst., is...

FREE EDUCATION.

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[To THE EDITOR OF THE "SPECTATOR.'] Sin,—I have just read in your issue of September 16th a somewhat prolix letter from a correspondent in which be repeats, with evident...

THE DISTRIBUTION OF WEALTH. [To THE EDITOR OF THE "SPECTATOR. "]

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SIR,—There is a point in your admirable article on " The Die. tribution of Wealth " at which I am surprised and disappointed. You contrast the primitive man with a stone axe...

THE CANADIAN ELECTIONS. [To THE EDITOR OP THE "SPECTATOR:1

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SIR,—The following extract from a letter from a relative in Canada may interest you as illustrating the point of view of a Canadian voter :- " The General Election will be on...

THE IRISH STRIKE.

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[To THE EDITOR OF THE "SPECTATOR."] SIR,—In your leading article in last Saturday's Spectator on the Irish strike you state that " live fowls were left to perish on the...

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[To THE EDTTOR OF THE "SPECTATOR. " ]

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Sin,—The epitaph quoted by " C. L." at p. 416 of the Spectator of September 16th deviates in various ways from the version published in the Archbishop's collected poems and, in...

SMOKE ABATEMENT.

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['To TER EDITOR Or THY "SPECTATOR. "] Sin,—Everyone is more or less interested in the successful solution of this problem, and it is some contribution towards it that some of...

PAINTERS AND M

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[To THE EDITOR OF THE "SPECTATOR."] Sr.n,—The theory is advanced, writes Pierre Loti in his " Roman d'un Enfant," "that people well endowed for paint- ing, with colours or with,...

THE LATE ARCHBISHOP ALEXANDER. [To THE EDITOR OF THE "

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SPECTATOR. "] SIR, —I can remember vividly, though not like "Lector" verbatim, the then Bishop of Derry's sermon on the Trans- figuration. It was preached at St. Mary's on...

[To THE EDITOR OF THR "SPECTATOR. "] SIR, —The three verses on

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" War " by Archbishop Alexander, quoted by Major Nelson, form part of a much longer poem which was published in the Times, October 31st, 1899, and afterwards reprinted in...

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VILLAGE BOYS AND RIFLE SHOOTING.

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[To THE Emma Or THE "SPECTATOR. " ] SIR,—The great field open to the sporting instincts of old public school men is my only excuse for troubling you to print a few facts in...

SCHOOLS OF SOCIOLOGY.

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To THE EDITOR Or THE "SEECTATOli."1 Sia,—Recent events have contributed to quicken the already widespread interest in industrial and social questions and problems of poverty. It...

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THE WORD "RAID " AS USED IN ITALY.

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[TO THE EDITOR OF THE "SPECTATOR:1 SIR,—Present-day journalists in Italy are giving an excellent object lesson of how one word of another tongue is adopted and used in an...

WASPS AS ANIMALS' FOOD.

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[TO THE EDITOR OF THE "SPECTATOR. " ] SIR, — Apropos of your correspondent's (" T. C. F.") inquiry as to rats eating wasps, I would state that our dog, although stung...

THE COW-DEALER AND THE QUAKER : A STUDY IN LEICESTERSHIRE

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DIALECT, [To THE EDITOR or THE "SPECTATOR. " ] Sin,—The new cow had come that morning, and the dealer whom I always employed to buy cows for me had called " joost ter see 'ow...

HASTINGS OF WOODLANDS.

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[To THE EDITOR OP THE "SPECTATOR. " ] SIR, — Shaftesbury does not say that Hastings was a book- lover and the whole tenor of the account is against the idea. That bard riding,...

THE NATIONAL SERVICE LEAGUE—A CORRECTION.

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[To THE EDITOR or THE "SPECTATOR. "] SIR,—In the last few weeks it has been frequently and erroneously stated that the national army advocated by the National Service League...

[To THE EDITOR 07 THE " SPECTATOR."] SIR,—Apropos of T.

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C. F.'s letter in your issue of Saturday last, it might perhaps interest your readers to hear of another odd instance of a predilection shown for wasps—this time by a chicken in...

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NOTICE.—When "Correspondence" or Articles are signed with the writer's name

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or initials, or with a pseudonym, or are marked "Communicated," the Editor must not necessarily be held to be in agreement with the views therein expressed or with the mode of...

POETRY.

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A song and a laugh and a shining blade. The hermit who hears me forgets to pray, The sunburnt peasant throws down his spade, The merchant of spices grows tired of trade, When I...

[To TEN EDITOR OP TIM " SPECTATOR. "] SIR, — A farmer's wife

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in this neighbourhood (Warwickshire) is in the habit of receiving parcels of broken chocolate from the manufacturers for the chickens. One day lately, the chickens having eaten,...

BOOKS.

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MONTAIGNE.* " Cut icy un livre de bonne fay, lecteur"—ench are the first words of Montaigne's Preface to his Essays, and they exactly hit the mark. No one ever wrote about...

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THE PREVENTION OF DESTITUTION.*

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THE term "destitution " hUs had a curious history. In the long-protracted controversy which followed the passing of the Poor Law Act of 1834 the word seems to have displaced the...

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MY TROPIC ISLE.* A NARRATIVE of escape from the complicated

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and tortuous ways of a modern society is always pleasing to civilized man. He flatters his fancy as he reads by imagining himself monarch of all he surveys in an unknown...

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TEE LAST EPISODE OF THE FRENCH REVOLUTION.*

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PERHAPS the best justification for this hook is that William Morris thought that it was wanted. Its title hardly de- scribes it. " Gracchus" Babeuf and the "Conspiracy of the...

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THE GROWTH OF ENGLISH LAW.*

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THE last half of the nineteenth century was an important and remarkable epoch in the development-of English law. A new • no Grown: of English law. ByEdward Stanley Roscoe....

RURAL DEPOPULATION IN FRANCE.*

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.S0 much is said from time to time, especially by Tariff Reformers, about the depopulation of the rural districts in _England that it is very interesting to note that the...

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ABOUT RUSSIA.*

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*TRH first thought that occurs as we read this book is how different it is from what an American traveller would have written thirty or forty years ago. In those days Russia was...

EVE RYMAN'S LIBRA RY.*

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A NEW issue of fifty volumes brings up the total of Messrs. Dent's very successful venture to the remarkable figure of 561. It is interesting to see bow this is made up....

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NOVELS.

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THE TWYMANS!' A NOVEL from the pen of Mr. Henry Newbolt is a wel- come refreshment to the traveller in the arid plains of modern fiction, and admirers of his distinguished...

The Queen's i'Wet. By Canon Sheehan, D.D. (Longmans and Co.

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6s.)—We are reminded, and that many times, as we reacll Canon Sheehan's book of the Horatian maxim, Nee pueros coranv. populo Medea truoiclet. He transgresses it most...

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In Stewart Times. By Edith L. Elias. (George G. Harrap

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and Co. ls. 6d.)—Some little time ago Misa Elias wrote a volume with the title of " In Tudor Times." She now gives us a com- panion volume. The biographical method of writing...

Life of the Princess Margaret, Queen of Scotland, 1070 - 1093. By

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Samuel Cowan. (Mawson, Swan and Morgan, Newcastle-on-Tyne. 8s. 6d. net.)—The records of Queen Margaret's reign are, says Mr. Cowan, "meagre and disappointing." It is only too...

READABLE NovELs. — Patricia Pendragon. By G. Ward. (F. V. - White and

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Co. 6s.)—A love story of the tragical sort. The Duchess and Mrs. Murdoch are striking characters.—Mark Ransom. By Munro Thomson (Andrew Melrose. 6s.)—The hero is a good study,...

publication might almost be a cants Patience Thaile—her Christian name

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is chosen on the /ucus a non lucendo principle—is so dissatisfied with her home, spoilt as it is by a selfish and dilettante father, that she goes to live with a German family...

The Mother of Goethe. By Margaret Reeks. (John Lane. 10s.

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6d. net.)—To learn something about the parentage of a great poet is, of course, a gain, but one asks whether it could not have been more easily acquired. A book of about a...

WKS . BOOKS OF THE

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[Under this heading vs notice such Books of the wok as hays not been isssrved for mews in otksy farms.] Anglo - Dutch Rivalry, 1600 - 1653. By the Rev. . George Edmund- son....

Tits .Evils of Alcohol. By Dr. W. A. Chapple, M.P.

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(George G. Harrap. and Co. is. 6d. net.)—Dr. Chapple gives us in his book an argument and a collection of examples. These last are very impressive, not the less because we can...

Armagh Clergy lawti Parishes. By the Rev. James B. Leslie.

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(W. Tempest, Dundalk. 12s. 6d.)—Mr. Leslie, who is Rector of Kilsaran, in the diocese of Armagh, has with most commendable industry compiled this record of the Cathedral, with...

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In the series of "Les Classiques Francais," edited by H.

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Warner Allen M. Dent and Son)," we have Les Pensees Choisies de Pascal, with a Preface, only too brief, by Dr. Emile Boutroux, is. 6d. net. We may quote a few lines from the...