3 SEPTEMBER 1927

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The plan works extremely well, because even a Government of

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narrow views hesitates to do things which would obviously be deeply displeasing to its successors. In this matter of the League, are we really going to dash into a blind alley...

We have discussed in a leading article the reasons for

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Lord Cecil's resignation. Here we need only summarize the Prime Minister's answer to Lord Cecil's minute. Mr. Baldwin says that Lord Cecil, having decided upon resignation, has...

If that should happen, each new. Government would try to

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undo in foreign affairs the work of its predecessor. However successful a self-styled pro-League Government might be, the average speed forward in the development of the League...

News of the Week

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U NLESS greater care is taken, one of the immediate effects of Lord Cecil's resignation from the Govern- ment may be a hard division between those who believe themielves to be...

EDITORIAL AND PUBLISHING OFFICES : 13 York Street, Covent Garden,

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London, W.C. 2. — A Subscription to the SPECTATOR costa Thirty Shillings per annum, including postage, to any part of the world. The SPECTATOR is registered as a Newspaper. The...

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The troops in the Rhineland are not numerous enough to

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hold Germany down or to prevent her from rearming. In military values they are really only a provocation. The pledge for the Dawes Scheme of Reparations is, of course, another...

The French and British Governments have reached an agreement about

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the reduction of the troops in the Rhine- land. France—this is a point to the good—has accepted in principle the British view of the function of the occupying forces as being a...

The history of Great Britain in India contains several examples

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of a justified descent from the language of formal government to the language of frank reasoning. The famous manifesto of Queen Victoria to the people of India when the East...

The deepest concern has naturally been expressed at the decision

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of the Supreme Court of Sierra Leone that the owners of slaves in the Sierra Leone Protectorate have the right to recapture escaped slaves with such force as may be necessary....

In this context Mr. Baldwin makes the very interesting and

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important statement that he still hopes that the Three-Power Conference, notwithstanding its apparent failure, may result, not only in an early reduction in Naval armaments, but...

1926. The Governor, in describing in advance the effect of

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the ordinance, said that it would remove " the last vestige of recognition in local law of the status of slavery." Sir Frederick Lugard, as reported in the Daily Mail of...

No man who concerns himself with the welfare of India

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can have read without deep feeling the fresh appeal which Lord Irwin has made for the cessation of communal strife in India. One of his first acts as Viceroy was earnestly to...

We suggest that the Admiralty should get into touch with

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the American sailors. If they can compose their differences, as we are confident they could, the way would then be clear for a formal public Conference with a practical...

It is puzzling and discouraging to read that even M.

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de Jouvenel, who has been attacking M. Briand for luke- warmness about the League, has said in an address to the Inter-Parliamentary Union that " French bayonets in the...

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It is a profound irony that this deplorable ambiguity about

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slavery should have happened in Sierra Leone. Those who know the history of the Colony will remember that it was originally founded as a settlement for freed slaves under the...

In his Presidential address to the British Association at Leeds

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on Wednesday Sir Arthur Keith reviewed the origin of man and affirmed that Darwinism was beyond question the true solution of the mystery. The outlines of Darwin's theory were...

The results of the critical by-elections in Dublin County and

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South Dublin City were declared on Thursday, August 25th. They were so flattering to the Government • that Mr. Cosgrave immediately made up his mind to appeal to the country....

Bank Rate, 41 per cent., changed from 5 per cent.,

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on April 21st, 1927. War Loan (5 per cent.) was on Wednesday 101 ; on Wednesday week 10111; a year aga 1011. Funding Loan (4 per cent.) was on Wednesday 861; on Wednesday week...

By the death of Dr. J. H. Bernard, Provost of

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Trinity College, Dublin, Ireland has lost one of her greatest sons and one of her most accomplished scholars. In his early days at Trinity College he made his mark in both...

For newspaper readers flying the Atlantic has eclipsed swimming the

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Channel. Now that we have become accustomed to the Atlantic being flown from west to east, excitement has centred upon the first flight from east to west—a more difficult flight...

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John St. Loe Strachey I T is difficult for us to

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write in a detached way about the death of John St. Loe Strachey or " St. Loe " as he was affectionately called by those with whom he worked—for our hearts are heavy. But the...

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Lord Cecil's Resignation

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T .ORD CECIL'S resignation of the Chancellorship of 4 the Duchy of Lancaster deprives the Government of his services as their representative at Geneva. It is impossible to...

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The Free State Election

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S OUTHERN Ireland loves the dramatic turn of events, and Mr. Cosgrave as President is prompt to indulge the popular craving. Late on Thursday, August 25th, the results of the...

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M OST Englishmen regard all the problems of North- Eastern Europe

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as settled by the Versailles Treaty and look for the danger spots of Europe in Hungary, Albania, Bessarabia or elsewhere. But in so doing they ignore the relations of Germany...

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An Unpopular Aspect of National Health.—I

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S OME years ago a party of men visited the Tower of London and tried on the old suits of armour kept there. They found that most of the suits were too small for them, and...

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An Encounter

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A LL the day long I had expected . something, known that every dreary furlong of my hundred-and- twenty mile drive across that Central Indian upland of thin grass and bare rock...

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The Theatre

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["LOVE AT SECOND SIGHT," BY MILES MALLESON.-" FRESH FRUIT," FROM THE FRENCH OF REGIS GIGNOITX AND JACQUES TIIERY, BY JOHN LESLIE FRITH.] Is this the autumn theatrical season ?...

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Music

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[NEW WORKS AT THE PROMENADES.] TILE list of new works to be performed during the present B.B.C. Promenade Season was intriguing when it first . appeared. At the time of...

[THE ARTS LEAGUE OF SERVICE TRAVELLING THEATRE.]

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The Arts League Travelling Theatre company leave London this week for their autumn tour; This is the twenty-fifth tour undertaken by the Travelling Theatre and the sixth visit...

Correspondence

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A LETTER FROM SAO PAULO. [To the Editor of the SPECTATOR.] SIR,—We spoke in our last of the discount offered to payers of Income Tax. And yet, in spite of the 75 per cent....

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The League of Nations

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Lord Cecil on the League Assembly W E have much pleasure in giving below the substance of an interview with Viscount Cecil of Chelwood, accorded to a representative of the...

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THE Doom OF THE RIVER.

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Rivers are very important sources of wealth as well as of health and pleasure. It is recorded that at one quay on the Tees salmon and sea-trout were sold to the value of just...

THE ROBIN'S MENTALITY.

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A delightful test of the psychology of the robin has been carried through in two neighbouring counties. A half-open nesting box, with two divisions partitioned off, was set up...

A GARDEN FESTIVAL.

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One expression of this garden zeal is the popularity of new varieties. Some of the newest bulbs have sold at prices round about 10s. each to owners of small village gardens ;...

Country Life

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SUGAR AND Flan. IT may be allowable to hold that the Wye is the loveliest and one of the purest of our rivers. It is of the West westerly, dividing the greenest fields and...

THE CHANGING " FIRST."

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It is many years since so many fields were uncut or in course of cutting in September. The First is not quite what it was. We are told that partridges are a diminishing race in...

W.I. AND GARDEN PRODUCE.

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A new value out of village gardens is being extracted by some of the women's institutes. They set up a Saturday afternoon stall, to which members contribute out of their...

CULT OF FLOWERS.

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The cult of flowers advances at an almost breathless speed. The industry in both plants and seed is already enormous. At Southport recently £10,000 was taken at one show,...

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Letters to the Editor

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THE TRUTH ABOUT THE LEAGUE [To the Editor of the SPECTATOR.] SIR,-- May I be allowed to express my entire agreement with the position taken up by the Spectator in the...

"ADOPT, ADAPT, IMPROVE" [To the Editor of the SPECTATOR.] Sin,—Your

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well-meaning contributor, Mr. T. Ernest Jackson; in the third article of his series discloses a lamentable ignorance of the methods of modern marketing. If he had taken the...

THE SLUMS OF CHELSEA [To the Editor of the SPECTATOR.]

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have read with interest • the letter in your issue of August 20th under the above heading. I should like to join the writer in putting forward a strong plea to Councils to...

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WAR AND THE OLD MEN

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[To the Editor of the SPECTATOR.] SIR, --In his admirable defence in last week's Spectator to the charge that the Old Men were responsible for the War, Mr. St. John Ervine...

[To the Editor of the SPECTATOR.]

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SIR, Mr. A. T. Lawrence's letter in your issue dated August 27th is chiefly concerned with something which Mr. Howden said and Mr. Lawrence denies, but as I had not the...

[To the Editor of the SPECTATOR.]

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SIR,—Mr. Lawrence has accused me of perhaps the worst fault of which anyone can be guilty who ventures to engage in any serious controversy. He alleges against me the use of...

[To the Editor of the SPECTATOR.] Sra,—In last week's issue

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of the Spectator there appeared an article by Mr. St. John Ervine entitled " War and the Old Men," which, to my mind, might have been called more aptly, " War Upon Young Men."...

THE PRAYER BOOK CONTROVERSY

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[To the Editor of the SPECTATOR.] SIR, —Those who, like Mr. C. Sydney Carter, feel that " loyalty to Scriptural truth " is at stake in the Prayer Book contro- versy, naturally...

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PLAYING FIELDS AND TUBERCULOUS SCHOOL CHILDREN

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[To the Editor of the SPECTATOR.] SIR,—All who care for the well-being of the nation's children will feel grateful for the warm response, from many quarters, to the Duke of...

[To the Editor of the SPECTATOR.]

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SIR, Mr. St. John Ervine's article in your last issue is welcome for its fair-mindedness. But wider issues than the War are raised for thinking folk. In English public affairs...

OUR " SURPLUS " WOMEN

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[To the Editor of the SPECTATOR.] SIR,—With reference to the large surplus of women in the United Kingdom it may be well to consider that in Western Canada—that is, the three...

IRISH LAND PURCHASE

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[To the Editor of the SPECTATOR.] SIR,— It is stated in the Press that Mr. Cosgrave said that a national loan will be required for Ireland before the end of this year. The...

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TELEPHONE DEVELOPMENT

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[To the Editor of the SPECTATOR.] SIR, —Your issue of June 4th has a very interesting article by Mr. Norman Angell. With regard to telephone development, the history is...

BLAKE AND SWEDENBORG [To the Editor of the SPECTATOR.] SIR, —May

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a lifelong student of the works of Emanuel Swedenborg be allowed to comment on the article on William Blake in your issue of August 18th ? Whilst there is " order and system,"...

HISTORY, ROME, AND CANTERBURY

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[To the Editor of the SPECTATOR.] Sin,—A widening interest in history to-day is receiving inspiration from commemorations, pilgrimages and pageants ; and the custodians of...

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TRANSLATIONS OF - FOREIGN BOOKS [To the Editor of the

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SPECTATOR.] 8111,—In the notice of Tales from Balzac, published in the Spectator of August 27th, your reviewer states that the transla- tions contain few errors ; and, as he...

THE BOILING OF COFFEE [To the Editor of the SPECTATOR.]

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Snt,—Mr. A. G. Grenfell's illuminating letter in the Spectator Of July 16th, on the making of coffee, suggests that the physics of tea-making are not as simple as they may...

THE PRONUNCIATION OF LATIN [To the Editor of the SPECTATOR.]

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SIR,—The inscription quoted by your correspondent last week is certainly of interest ; but it will not support those who hold that the Latin C was pronounced in any of the ways...

[To the Editor of the SPECTATOR.] SIR,—May not Mr. Warren's

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reading of the " more involved' inscription be at fault ? " MVO " is difficult, but separate the " M " from the " VO " and join the " VO " to " Lusius and the official's name...

" THE IRREPRESSIBLE CONFLICT" [To the Editor of the SPECTATOR.]

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SIR,—Mr. Paul M. Paine's attribution, in your issue of ' August 6th, of the phrase, " the irrepressible conflict," once familiar in connexion with the " Great Controversies"...

STENDHAL IN ENGLISH [To the Editor of the SPECTATOR.]

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Sra,—May I suggest to "A Life Member" that the verb miner means not only to undermine but to ea7plore.—I am,

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THE LATE PRESIDENT ELIOT OF HARVARD [To the Editor of

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the SPECTATOR.] SIR, — At the request of the executors of the late Charles W. Eliot, Mr. Henry James, of 10 East Tenth Street, New York City, has undertaken to prepare a...

"THE SPARROWS' FRIEND" WE have received the following verses from

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a correspondent in Mexico. Many of our readers will no doubt remember the Sparrows' Friend or Schoolmaster, who was found drowned at the beginning of this year. This is the only...

THE ART OF ATTAINING HIGH HEALTH [To the Editor of

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the SPECTATOR.] SIR, — Will you be good enough to graiit me space in order to - record my experiences in support of Dr. J. Stenson Hooker's letter in your issue of August 6th ?...

Poetry

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Geography I TEACH them interesting things Of where all goods are made, Of what their manufacture brings In profitable trade. I teach them from a bloodless book To scan a...

THE DEATH SENTENCE [To the Editor of the SPECTATOR.] -SIR,--Apart

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from the unanswerable question of " guilty or not guilty," the case of Sacco and Vanzetti suggests once more the disturbing problem, briefly stated many years ago by Douglas...

USELESS KERBSTONES [To the Editor of the SPECTATOR.] SIR, — May I,

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through your columns, protest against the wicked waste of public money which is going on by the laying down of kerbs along hundreds of miles of our country roads ? These kerbs...

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The London of our grandfathers was a delightful place, and

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Mr. Gordon Home, in the Pictorial Presentation of London 100 years ago, makes it live again for us. Piccadilly Circus before the Circus existed, Leicester Square where Mr....

We learn from Messrs. Hamilton, the publishers of War Birds

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: The Diary of an Anonymous Aviator, that the author is the late John Macdougal Grider, who was killed in the Great War. The diary has been edited by Mr. Elliott Springs, a...

A large but light and well-printed volume which exercises the

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imagination without taxing the brain is the Prefaces and Introductions of Anatole France, which the Bodley Head publishes for the modest price of 7s. 6d. Considering the good...

The Battle Book of Ypres, compiled by Miss Beatrix Brice,

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with the assistance of General Sir William Pulteney, and provided with a short preface by Lord Plumer of Messines, is a difficult book to criticize. We picked it up with...

This Week's Books

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Wu noticed with approval that the 1919 version of " God Save the King " was the first number of Songs of Praise for Day Schools (Oxford University Press. 1s. 3d.). The Bishop of...

Mr. Will Rogers is a man of wisdom as well

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as wit. He flew from Berlin to Moscow, and sums up the present situation there very acutely in There's not a Bathing Suit in Russia (A. & C. Boni, New York, $1.75). He tells us...

The cult of Adam Lindsay Gordon grows with the passing

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of years. " How we beat the Favourite " must have been recited a million times, and there are boys over all the English- speaking world whose pulses quicken at " The Lay of the...

General Knowledge Questions

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Tun Editor awards the prize of one guinea, offered weekly for the best General Knowledge paper (with answers), to Mr. M. Dane for the following :- What Do You Know of London?...

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Birth Control and World Politics

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THESE three books cover a wide range of subjects, but, analysed, they all deal with the future of Germany and how and where she is to expand. Unquestionably "Augur" is an able...

The Reform Bill and After

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THF ‘ only good history of England after Waterloo is being written by a Frenchman, Professor Halevy of the Ecole Libre des Sciences Politiques at Paris. It is a real pleasure to...

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The Truth about the 'Mary Celeste'

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A Great Sea Mystery. By J. C. Lockhart. (Philip Allan. 68.) MR. LOCKHART'S retelling of the famous incident of the Mary Celeste' is partly an essay in restitution. Some time...

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The Celtic Muse

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A Celtic Anthology. By Grace Rhys. (Harrap. 7s. 6d.) MRS. RHYS, though she tells us a good deal about Celts in her preface, wisely abstains from telling us how we are to know a...

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"hitter subscribers who are changing their addresses are asked to

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notify The SPECTATOR Office BEFORE MIDDAY ON MONDAY OF EACH WEEK. The previous address to which the paper has been sent and receipt number should be quoted.

The Ariel Poems

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The Ariel Poems. 1. Yuletide in a Younger World. By Thomas Hardy. With Drawings by Albert Rutherston. 2. The Linnet's Nest. By Sir Henry Newbolt. With Drawings by Ralph Keene....

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The Magazines

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A wrrry article on " The Meaning of Liberalism," by Mr. Augustine Birrell, stands first in the September Contemporary. The old Party divisions have become hopelessly confused,...

The " Round Table"

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THE most interesting article in the Round Table deals with " Indian Reforms : The Princes' Standpoint." More than one-third of the area of India is not directly under British...

Fiction

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The World so Wide Gallions Reach. By H. M. Tomlinson. (Heinemann. 7s. 6c1.) WE are all by this time well and gladly aware that Mr. Tomlinson deserves to be called an...

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TOPSY-TURVY. By Vernon Bartlett. (Constable. 10s.) —As a special correspondent

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in various parts of Europe since the Armistice, Mr. Bartlett has been brought very intimately into contact with the topsy-turvydom of our post- War world, and he has set down...

High Winds

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High Winds. By Arthur Train. (Nash and Grayson. 7s. 43(1.) " LET us bury the natural body of tradition. What we want is its glorified body and its immortal soul." These words,...

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JOHN FLAXMAN, 1755-1826. By W. G. Constable. (University of London

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Press. 10s. 6d.)—Flaxman as a sculptor is out of fashion. His neo - elassieal themes are seldom interesting because they are excessively sentimental. Yet he had great talent, a...

SERENUS and OTHER STORIES OF THE PAST AND PRESENT. By

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Jules Lemaitre. Translated by A. W. Evans. (Elkin Mathews and Marrot, Ltd. 2s. 6d.)— Here is that rare thing, a translation from the French carried out by a competent craftsman...

TRAGEDY AT RAVENSTHORPE. By J. J. Connington. (Been. 7s. 6d.)—This

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is more than a good detective tale. Alike in plot, characterization, and literary style, it is a work of art. Mr. Connington's ingenuity is exceptionally fertile and brilliant....

Current Literature

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HISTORY OF THE 60TH DIVISION, 1914-1918. By COlonel P. H. Dalbiac, C.B. (Allen, 21s.)—" War, war is still the cry," and another quite notable addition to its history is...

THE ETON COLLEGE REGISTER, 1698-1752. Edited by Richard Austen-Leigh. (Eton

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: Spottiswoode, Ballantyne and Co. 21s. net.)—This result of laborious and unlimited research will appeal to a far wider public than any directly connected with Eton to-day,...

AN ENCYCLOPAEDIA OF IRONWORK. With an Historical Introduction by Otto

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Hoever. (Ernest Benn. 42s.)—The average man secs so few finely wrought gates and grilles and chandeliers nowadays that he scarcely realizes tile artistic possibilities of iron...

ENGLISH DEMOCRATIC IDEAS IN THE SEVEN- TEENTH CENTURY. By G.

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P. Gooch. Second Edition. With Supplementary Notes and Appendices by H. J. Laski. (Cambridge University Press, 10s. 6d.)—Students of the philosophy of history will welcome the...

SUMMER FLOWERS OF THE WILD. By Edward Step, F.L.S. (Jarrolds.

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5s.)—We have already drawn attention to Professor Step's admirable method of grouping flowers according to how they are found—that is, arranging them for reference uses...

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A Library List HISTORY :- Mohammed. By R. F. Dibble. (Hutchinson.

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12s. 6d.)-Joan of Arc and England. By John Dimond. (Rider. 10s. 6d.) Benito Mussolini-the Man. By Vandah Jeane Bordeux. (Hutchinson. 18s.) Allegra, the Story of Byron and Miss...

Insurance

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THE MOST SUITABLE POLICY.-III. Tmi three principal types of life policies are : whole-fife. limited payment life, and endowment assurance. The necessity for, sometimes the duty...

Answers to Wht Do You Know of London ?

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1. New Burlington Street. 2. Public Record Office, Somerset House, Queen Elizabeth's tomb at Westminster, British Museum, Wesley's house (City Road.)-3. Sackville Street.-4....

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NEW LOANS.

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Already there are signs of preparations for activity in the matter of loan and capital creations in the near future. On October 1st an amount generally estimated at anything...

EMPIRE BORROWING IN AMERICA.

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Now, if it be true that the making of loans to foreign countries is in itself a- factor stimulating the exports of that country and, moreover, aiding the control of the...

A SAFE PLANK.

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it is early days to talk of what may be the chosen plank in the various political parties at the next General Election, but I have no hesitation in asserting that Economy in the...

FOREIGN LOANS PROHIBITED.

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For a considerable period after the War, and, indeed, until about two years ago, the foreign exchanges, and more especially the American, were so completely adverse to this...

Financial Notes

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ACTIVE INDUSTRIALS. CHEERFULNESS, with considerable activity, has characterized the Stock Markets during the past week, but attention has again been chiefly directed to the...

THE SUPREME NEED.

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Needless to say, I am not suggesting for one moment that in these operations there is any kind of improper action or competition on the part of the United States. Such is far...

Finance Public and Private

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America as a Lender WHILE the factors which contributed to the enormous financial and commercial prestige of this country previous to the War were numerous—it might be said...

RISE IN CELANESE.

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Notably the shares of British Celanese, which I showed last week had come up from about 6s. to 43s., have further risen during the week to 75s., while the market is " talking "...

LATER DEVELOPMENTS.

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• With the removal of the official barrier, we have during the last two years made quite a number of foreign loans, and, considering our reduced export trade, it has been some...

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UNDERGROUND INCOMES.

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I am not surprised that the directors of the Underground Electric Railways of London should have carried their proposed modification of terms of the 6 per cent. Income Bonds. At...

A GOOD PROFIT STATEMENT.

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The preliminary profit statement issued last week by Singer and Co. affords refreshing reading to the shareholders. Some rumours appear to have been current in the market with...

THE LATE MR. STRACHEY AS ECONOMIST.

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Essentially a man of letters, the late Mr. St. Loe Strachey was also highly esteemed in financial and economic circles. While never posing as the financial or economic expert,...

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an Memoriam

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JOHN ST. LOE STRACHEY, 1860-1927 John St. Loe Strachey THESE columns are not the place where a writer's personal feelings of affection or grief can decently be exposed ; still...

SPECIAL SUPPLEMENT

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TO e ctator No 5,175.] WEEK. ENDING SA TURDAY, SEPTEMBER 3, 1927. GRATIS.