6 DECEMBER 1919

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The King of Italy opened the new Chamber on Monday.

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It had been rumoured that the Socialist Deputies, now a hundred and sixty strong, would try to shout him down. They contented themselves with retiring in a body, while the...

The German Government have argued that the prisoners ought to

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be released forthwith, despite the terms of the Armistice and of the Treaty. Further, they hint that it will be difficult for them to surrender the Germans accused of criminal...

Herr Kautsky, the well-known German Socialist, has found in the

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archives of the Berlin Foreign Office conclusive proofs of the ex-Kaiser's direct responsibility for the war. The extracts from Herr Kautsky's Report, printed in the Times of...

The Admiralty's comment on the Scapa episode is still more

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to the point. It published on Thursday two documents found in Admiral von Reuter's safe in the ' Emden' after she was raised. One was a letter, dated May 9th last, from Admiral...

The Supreme Council of the Allies at Paris is understood

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to have decided that the remaining German warships and the sub- marines are to be broken up, excepting some cruisers and destroyers which are to be allotted to France and Italy....

The Bulgarian Peace Treaty was signed on Thursday week in

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the Town Hall at Neuilly. By an odd coincidence, the room selected for the ceremony contained a painting of the Princess Clementine, ex-King Ferdinand's mother, who once lived...

*** The Editor cannot accept responsibility for any articles or

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letters submitted to him, but when stamped and addressed envelopes are sent he will do his best to return contributions in case of rejection.

NEWS OF THE WEEK.

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T HE Allies, at the request of Marshal Foch, have asked the German Government to suppress the military organizations they have formed in defiance of the Treaty. By April next...

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No doubt what weighed chiefly with the House were the

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considerations that there was no certainty, nor even a strong likelihood, that a great deal of money would be raised by Premium Bonds ; that a very flighty use of money would be...

The Manchester Guardian of Wednesday week published an important letter

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from Mrs. Humphry Ward protesting against the reimposition of tests which is proposed in the Enabling Bill. Our readers are familiar with the scheme embodied in the Bill,...

President Wilson in his Message to Congress on Tuesday did

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sot refer to the Peace Treaty, but dealt with economic questions. Ile expressed the belief that the causes of the general unrest were superficial rather than deep-seated, and...

In the House of Commons on Monday the motion in

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favour of Premium Bonds was defeated by a decisive majority. 276 Members voted against the motion and only 84 for it. We need not summarize the debate, as we have frequently...

The first British woman Member took her seat in the

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House of Commons on Monday. Lady Astor was introduced by the Prime Minister and Mr. Balfour, and is said to have been more self-possessed than those hardened Parliamentary...

She reminds us that T. H. Green in 1877 said

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to his pupils : " The day of tests and declarations except for clerical functions is over." And he added that " inability to adopt the creeds of Christendom in their natural...

Sir Auckland Geddes in replying to his critics maintained that

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the Coal Controller's estimate of the output for the current year from July had been confirmed by experience. There was no reason to hope for an output exceeding 217 million...

The result of the South Wales miners' ballot on Income

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Tax has been announced two or three times, and each time has been announced differently. In the end, however, it appears that there was a very small majority—under 1500—in a...

The Labour Party raised an instructive debate in the House

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on Friday week on the Government's dealings with coal. Mr. Brace moved for a Select Committee to inquire into the Coal Controller's vagaries, and, though he was beaten on a...

Lady Astor was returned on Friday week for the Sutton

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Divi- sion of Plymouth, the seat vacated by her husband's succession to the Peerage. She gained a handsome victory for the Coali- tion, polling 14,495 votes against the Labour...

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It has long been notorious that Irish unrest is largely

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due to ignorance, and that the work of reform should begin with the Irish schools. The schools cost the State more, in proportion, than do our British schools, but their...

Another well-known Dublin detective was murdered in a busy street

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of the city last Saturday night. He was the fourteenth Irish policeman to be assassinated this year by Sinn Feiners, in pursuance of their campaign of terrorism. It is...

Oxford still hesitates to make Greek optional and not com-

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pulsory for Responsions. In a somewhat confused debate in Congregation on Tuesday Professor Murray's compromise, imposing Greek on candidates for all honour schools except...

The awards made to Tank designers by the Royal Commission

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on Awards to Inventors were announced in the newspapers on Friday week. The grants, amounting in all to £18,000, were allotted as follows : £15,000 between Sir William Tritton...

We greatly regret to record the death on Tuesday of

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Sir Evelyn Wood. His death removes the last of the great names of the Victorian Army, and cuts one of the last links which bind the Army of to-day to the Crimean War and the...

The Commission expressed their opinion that it was " the

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misfortune of Mr. de Mole, not his fault, that his invention was in advance of his time, and was put aside because the occasion for its use had not then arisen." The misfortune...

It is a sad sign of the times, however, that

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any considerable aumber of men should be found to vote for freeing their par. tioular trade from a tax which is levied upon everybody whose income exceeds a stated figure. In...

There is no sort of doubt that the men to

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whom the Commission awarded grants all thoroughly deserved the nation's gratitude, but the award of a small money grant unaccompanied by any honour seems perhaps an inadequate...

It was natural for Sir Bartle Frere, amidst the difficulties

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of 1880, to ask the War Office to send out Evelyn Wood. It thus happened that it fell to Wood to inaugurate the negotiations with the Boers in 1881 after Colley's defeat at...

first used on the Somme. The Commission, however, deter mined

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that these defects were only brought out by conditiont of use " much more stringent and protracted than those stipu• lated for by the Government when ordering them." This de...

We have always understood that the first thing which happens

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when a new subject is mooted in a public office is for the keeper of the Register to make search for any previous communi- cations on the same or kindred subjects. These form...

Bank rate, 6 per cent.,changed from 5 per cent. Nov.

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6, 1919.

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TOPICS OF THE DAY.

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THE EXPLOITATION OF EMPIRE. P ARLIAMENT, as the supreme guardian and trustee of the native faces included in the British Empire, must without delay decide the question whether...

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THE STRUGGLE FOR THE RAILWAYS.

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A VERY interesting and very important struggle for the control of the railways is going on at present, and deserves a great deal more of public attention than it has received....

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NATIONAL MISMANAGEMENT.—IV. THE NEW INDIAN CONSTITUTION.

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There are many reasons why it is a supreme misfortune for India and the Empire that Mr. Montagu should be Secretary of State. To begin with, he should never have been appointed...

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THE TROUBLES OF ITALY. A LL British lovers of Italy, which

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is another way of saying the whole British nation, have read with great pleasure the accounts of the enthusiastic reception given to the King of Italy I oth in the Italian...

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AT THE BACK OF THE MIND. T HERE are certain strong

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impressions, desires, and ideas which are always present with each individual. They are part of his personality ; we might almost say that they constitute his personality. As a...

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LETTERS TO THE EDITOR.

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[Letters of the length of one of our leading paragraphs are often more read, and therefore more effective, than those which fill treble the space.] -- AGRICULTURE AND...

ENGLISH WORDS IN THE FRENCH LANGUAGE.

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T, ANGUAGE8 are constantly absorbing words from one another. It is their principal means of enrichment. We know the extent to which our own language is indebted to others, the...

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WOMEN'S WORK.

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[TO THE EDITOR OF THE " SPECTATOR."] SIR,—Three weeks ago you published a sympathetic article on Women's Work which encourages me to bring to your notice an advertisement—not...

A MANDATE FOR THE IRISH!

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[To THE EDITOR OF THE " SPECTATOIL"J Sia,—The Armenian mandate is going a-begging. The Irish race wants a country to govern. Why not solve both questions by giving Ireland the...

" GERMANY'S SECRET ARMY."

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[To THE EDITOR OF THE " SPECTATOR."] Sia,—A highly competent observer at present in Germany sends me the following letter, which I think may be of interest to " I had brought...

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DR. MONTESSORI'S LECTURES.

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[TO THE EDITOR OF THE " SPECTATOR."1 SIR,—Signora Montessori gave on November 6th a lecture at Kingsway Hall to an imposing audience mostly composed of teachers and of others...

THE PROBLEM OF MENTAL DEFICIENCY. [To THE EDITOR OF THE

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" SPECTATOR."] SIR,—During the last few years questions affecting racial health have been much before the public. The war has brought home to all that a nation, for its...

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VISITING THE GRAVES IN FRANCE AND FLANDERS. [To THE EDITOR

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OF THE " SPECTATOR.' SIR, —I think it may be of some service to wives and mothers anxious to visit the battle areas of Northern France if, through the medium of your valuable...

THE CYCLE OF SERVICE.

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[To THE EDITOR OF THE " SPECTATOR."] SIR, — To hark back to one of your issues of August is to pro- claim oneself a back number as well as to quote one. But my excuse is that I...

THE KING AND THE CHURCH OF SCOTLAND. [To THE EDITOR

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OF THE " SPECTATOR."] SIR,-1 have just read a paragraph in the Spectator of Novem- ber 22nd which says that the King is a member of the Church of Scotland (presumably because in...

. ALLIES AND FRIENDS.

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[To THE EDITOR OF THE " EIPEGTATOR."1 :!IR,—Tite following extract from a study of George Bubb Dodington by Mr. Lloyd Sanders may interest your readers from its modernity :- "...

GEORGE BUBB DODINGTON.

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[TO THE EDITOR OF THE " SPECTATOR.") Iia,—In the interesting review of the Life of George Bubb Dodington which appeared in the Spectator of November 15th it was noticeable that...

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LU CANT.

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[TO THE EDITOR OF TILE SPECTATOR:1 SIR,—I In Lord Ormont and Inc Antinta we are told that one of the ushers at the school described at the beginning of the novel was admired by...

PISE DE TERRE, THE NEXT STEP.

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[To THE EDITOR OF THE " SPECTATOR."] Sin,—Having had an opportunity of examining this system of construction, I am most anxious that measures should be taken for demonstrating...

A JERUSALEM MEDAL.

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[TO THE EDITOR OF THE "SPECTATOR.") SIR,—You would earn many thanks if you would follow ait your own suggestion in the notice of Lord Milford Haven's book on medals. The...

THE WRONG USE OF COAL.

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[TO THE EDITOR OF THE " SPECTATOR.") Sia,—There has been a great deal of talk about coal conserva- tion of late years, but few people remember that by the use of gas for...

A CORRECTION.

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[To THE EDITOR OF THE " SPECTATOR.") notice that under " News of the Week " in your issue of November 22nd you refer to the unfortunate Temperance meeting which was to have...

LITERARY RECREATIONS. [To THE EDITOR OF THE " SPECTATOR.") SIR,—The

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following comments have been suggested to me by a perusal of the late Sir Edward Cook's second series of Literary Recreations, reviewed in the Spectator of Novem- ber 15th:—...

NAVAL MEDALS.

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[To THE EDITOR OF THE " SPECTATOR:1 SIR,—In your review of Naval Medals in the last issue of the Spectator I notice in your account of the taking of Rome by nit...

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THE PLUMAGE TRADE.

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[To THE EDITOR OF THE " SPECTATOR."] SIR, In reference to the letter in your last issue from our eloquent friend and fellow-worker Mr. H. J. Massingham, may I say that a large...

LOST ARTS.

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[To THE EDITOR OF THE " SPECTATOR."] Snt,—Your delightful article on " The Romance of Disappear- ance" asks: " Are there any lost arts ? " I venture to suggest three: the...

MORE CAT STORIES.

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[To THE EDITOR OF THE " SPECTATOR."] Sun,—From our own experience, I think I can cap the very interesting stories about cats in your paper. We had a beau- tiful tabby Angora who...

GARDEN REFUSE.

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[To THE EDITOR OF THE "SPECTATOR."] SIR, —Will you be good enough to grant me space in your valuable pages to ask for information which may be of interest to more than one of...

THE SAFETY OF MINERS: ANC THER FALLACY OF NATIONALIZATION.

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[To THE EDITOR OF THE " SPECTATOR."] SIR,—IL is 'very important that those Liberals and Progressives who are sceptical of the policy of nationalization should devote some...

THE CHURCH'S DEBT TO NONCONFORMISTS. [To THE EDITOR OF THE

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" SPECTATOR."] SIR, —With reference to the treatment of Nonconformists in the Enabling Bill, to which you have so often called attention, it strikes me forcibly that the Church...

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POETRY.

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THE DREAM-MERCHANT. THE merchantmen went out of town below the evening star, Steering for the sunset and the isles of their intent; Their prows were stiff with scrolls of...

BOOKS.

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THE MYSTERY OF EASTER LSLAND.* Mae. Rorrrizoax's charming account of the cruise of the Mans ' is destined, we think, to be as popular as Lady Braesey's Voyage of the Sunbeam was...

[To THE EDITOR OF THE " SPECTATOR.'

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Sin,—I have iead -with interest the two letters about cats in the Spectator of November 22nd. The following true story does not deal with "disinterested affection," but is a...

Sputatar

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We suggest that there can be no better Present in Peace or War than an Annual Subscription to the Spectator. He or she who gives the Spectator as a present will give a weekly...

NOTICE.—When " Correspondence" or Articles are signed with the writer's

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name or initials, or with a pseudonym, or are marked " Communicated," the Editor must not necessarily be held to be in agreement with the views therein expressed or with the...

WOMEN'S SERVICE.

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WE have received £1 from Harriet Lady Cooper and £1 from " Delta " for the London Society for Women's Service. The Society asks us also to acknowledge the receipt of £2 2s. from...

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LORD }LUG'S DESPATCHES.*

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IT is characteristic of Lord Haig that, while other commanders have made haste to write books, he is content to republish in their complete form the despatches which he sent...

LADY DOROTHY NEVILL.*

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BORN four years before the end of George IV.'s reign, Lady Dorothy Nevill, daughter of the third Earl of Orford, was named after her ancestress Dorothy Townshend, sister of Sir...

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"THAT PROVOKING FELLOW LUC.AN."

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• Lteeze is one of those poets who, though they have been admitted among the Immortals, are remembered almost as much for their faults as for their merits. The Pharsalia may...

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ROUND THE CAMP FIRE.* AMID the enormous output of war

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books, both French and English, only three, to the writer's knowledge, have achieved a rendering of atmosphere unvitiated by sentiment, trickery, or asthmatic strainings after...

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MENDERS OF THE MAIMED.*

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WmLE one is on an all too short holiday the arrival of a book for review is hardly disposed to rejoice the heart of the holiday- maker. However, a perusal of but a few pages of...

ROUND THE WORLD IN ANY NUMBER OF DAYS.* IT is

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fortunate that Mr. Maurice Baring did not stay for ever in Tahiti, most lovely of the South Sea Islands, when he sailed " round the world in any number of days " in 1913. He...

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THE BINET-SIMON INTELLIGENCE SCALE.* Is it possible that in the

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use of intelligence tests will be found a substitute for the hitherto indispensable abominations of our examination system ? Psychologists had been experimenting with...

FICTION.

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SEPTEMBER. 4 ` TIIE title which Mr. Swinnerton has given his new novel har- monizes with the age and character of his heroine. Marian Forster is past her youthful prime, but...

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GIFT-BOOKS.

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ILLUSTRATED BOOKS. ME. W. L. WYLLIE contributes a second set of his attractive and skilful drawings of the Navy to More Sea Fights of the Great War, by W. L. Wyllie, C. Owen,...

The Young Physician. By F. Brett Young. (Collins. 7s. nct.)—This

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novel is of a type of which there have been lately a good many examples—a minutely detailed description of a boy's life through his schooldays to adolescence. The last section...

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MORE CHILDREN'S BOOKS.*

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Tany o' Dreams' is a fascinating book. We first make Tony's acquaintance as a boy of eight years old, who goes out alone on a summer night to investigate the mysteries of a...

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SOME BOOKS OF THE WEETT.

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[Notice in this column does not necessarily 'ream& subsequent review.] THE DECEMBER MONTHLIES.—It is pleasant to see in the Nineteenth Century a cheerful article. Mr. Beach...

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Fifty Years of Golf. By Horace G. Hutchinson. (Country Life.

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10s. 6d. net.)—Mr. Hutchinson's reminiscences, with their many illustrations, will interest every golfer, for he is the leading authority on the rise of golf in England. When he...

Precepts and Judgments. By Marshal Foch. Translated by Hilaire Belloc.

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(Chapman and Hall. 9s. net.)—This is a collection of passages from Marshal Foch's two famous books on the principles of war and on the conduct of war. The precepts are arranged...

An Invisible Kingdom. By W. S. Lilly. (Chapman and Hall.

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15s. net.)—Canon Barry has edited his friend's last book, which Mr. Lilly was revising just before his death in August. It contains seven ethical essays, reprinted from the...

British Campaigns in the Nearer East, 1914-1918. British Campaigns in

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Africa and the Pacific, 1914-1918. By Edmund Dane. 3 vols. (Hodder and Stoughton. 7s. 6d. net each.)— In these three volumes, two devoted to the Nearer East and one to Africa...

Shakespeare and the Makers of Virginia. By Sir A. W.

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Ward. (H. Milford. 4s. net.)—This year's Shakespeare Lecture to the British Academy is singularly interesting. It discusses, first, Shakespeare's personal connexions with the...

With the Persian Expedition. By Major M. H. Donohoe. (Arnold.

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16s. net.)—This well-written and interesting book describes the doings of the " Hush-Hush " Brigade, General Dunsterville's force, in Western Persia and on the Caspian last...

Alexander Henderson, Churchman and Statesman. By Sheriff R. L. Orr.

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(Hodder and Stoughton. 15s. net.)—This is a well- written and well-informed biography of the Covenanting leader in the revolt of the Scottish Presbyterians against Charles I....

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A Brief Description of the Holy Sepulchre, Jerusalem. By George

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Jeffery. (Cambridge University Press. 103. 6d. net.) —Mr. Jeffery's scholarly book contains not only a description of the Church of the Holy Sepulchre, but also a history of it...

Happiness in the School. By C. W. Bailey, M.A. (Blackie.

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2s. net.)—Mr. Bailey's book is a practical but very elementary account of educational liberalism in some of its aspects and in the modified form in which it appears in most...