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MONDAY, AUGUST 12TH.

THE following statistics give a startling idea of the vast importance to the prosperity of this country of a wet or dry summer. For the six years, 1854-9, the average value of the imports of grain was 19,980,6131., the greatest cost for one year being 23,039,422/. in 1856, and the least, 17,508,7001. in 1855. The result of the bad harvest of 1860, however, was that the deficiency of home-produced grain had to be supplied by purchases of foreign to the enormous amount of 31,671,918/., representing a loss to the country, when compared with the average annual expenditure on the same article, of 11,591,3031. on the year 1860 alone. Even this large sum does not cover the full extent of that loss, consequent upon but one had harvest. During the first four months of the current year, 12,435,4351. has been paid for foreign grain against 3,913,0011. for the correspond- ing period of last year, and at the rate of 37,306,3051. for the year.

— "Dr." Gritth Jones, who stands committed for trial on the charge of forging a will of Mrs. Sophia Bellis, made an application, on Friday, through Mr. Lewis, jun., to Lord Chief Justice Cockburn to be admitted to bail. The application was opposed, for the Crown, by Mr. Giffard, who urged that as the prisoner had attempted to escape when arrested, and also to bribe the official who arrested him, his surrender could not be depended upon. On this ground the appli- cation was refused.

— The writ for the South Lancashire election was received on Wednesday by the High Sheriff, who has since fixed Wednesday, the 14th for the nomination and the Saturday followina'6 for the polling. The two candidates were engaged last week in actively canvassing and addressing the electors.

— A. case of parricide, and an attempt at the same crime, are re- ported to-day.. James Barrie, aged seventeen, a native of Alloa, but living at Dunfermline, had been forbidden his father's house on account of his irregular habits, but used frequently, with the con- nivance of his mother, to obtain shelter and assistance there. On one of these occasions, last Monday night, lie went home and requested his mother to mend him some clothes. She, fearing his father's return while he was in the house, refused, whereupon her son threw a heavy broth plate at her, inflicting a severe blow on the groin, from the effects of which she died on the Wednesday following. The murderer absconded, and has not yet been discovered. An attempt at a similar crime was made at Great Grimsby on Friday. John Betts, a shoemaker, aged twenty-eight, and who lived with his father, the sexton of the parish, became deranged in consequence of some strong religious impressions which he had received at the Baptist chapel on the previous Sunday. On Friday, while still in a highly nervous and excitable state, he informed his father that lie intended to sleep in the same room with him, and not, as usual, with one Holinshead, a lodger, assigning as a reason for the change that the latter was a "fiend." No danger being apprehended, lie was per- mitted to sleep in his father's room, and during the night made a frighful attack upon him with a shoemaker's knife, stabbing him in several places. After a severe. struggle, the old man managed to escape, but still remains in a very weak state. The son was imme- diately taken into custody. — The Braidwood Testimonial Committee met at the Mansion House on Friday. It was resolved that as the fire-offices had voted 70001. to the widow and family of the deceased, and his personal property appeared by his will to be nearly 5000/., it was not neces- sary to take any further steps for obtaining subscriptions. It was not decided what should be done with the money already in hand.

— Lord Herbert was buried on Friday, in the church which he himself had built at Wilton. The funeral was attended by crowds from all the surrounding country, dressed in mourning, and the coffin was followed by a large numb . of distinguished mourners, including the Bishop of Salisbury, the Chancellor of the Exchequer, the Duke of Newcastle, the Marquis of Bath, the Earl of Carnarvon, Earl de Grey, Lord Clyde, Sir E. Lugard, Sir James Graham, &c. &c., by all of whom deep grief was manifested, especially by the Duke of New- castle and Mr. Gladstone, who were both bound to the deceased peer by ties of close political friendship. All the houses and shops in the town were closed, and all business suspended.

— At Chester Assizes, on Thursday, two boys, eight years old, were indicted for the wilful murder of George Burgess, an infant only two and a half years old. When the prisoners were apprehended, they gave a full account of the affair to the policeman. They said they had met the deceased when out for a walk ; they persuaded him to accompany them, and took him to a pond, when they undressed him, threw him into the water, and then beat him with a stick over the head, back, and legs, till he was dead. The defence was that the prisoners could not be foundguilty of murder, unless they had been shown to have been actuated by malice. The jury returned a verdict of "Manslaughter," and Mr. Justice Crompton sentenced-the pri- soners to one month's hard labour, and five years in a reformatory.

— The Montrose rifle gathering passed off with great success last week. The great object of competition and interest was " Scotland's Cup," value 501., and open to all Scotland. Not being limited to volunteers, the number of entries was no less than 110. The chief scorers in the contest were :

. Yds. Yds. Yds. TotaL 700. 800. 900. pats.

Mr. Edward Ross, Cambridge University . . . 8 7 6 21 Mr. A. Smith, Edinburgh Merchants Volunteer

Company 3 8 7 18 Major Moir, Stirling 4 7 4 15 Mr. Cunningham, Renfrew Volunteers . . . 4 4 7 15 Mr. Colledge, Bute 3 5 7 15

The Earl of Dalhousie, in presenting Mr. Ross with the prize, stated that his score had never been excelled in public competition. The Strangers' Cup, open to all corners of all nations, for which there were 75 entries, was also won by Mr. Ross. It seems a mistake to allow a victor to compete for more than one prize. — The Great Western Railway has declared a dividend on its ordinary stock at the rate of 2-4- per annum, the Great Northern of 3 per cent., and the London and South-Western of 4 per cent. These rates all represent the profits made during the half-year ending 30th June, during which the extreme severity of the weather increased expense, while the bad harvest diminished receipts.

— A further sum of 10001. was forwarded, by the mail of Sa- turday evening, from the Mansion House to the Central Com- mittee of the Indian Famine Relief Fund, making the aggregate amount sent by the Relief Committee, to Bombay and Calcutta, 107,500/., exclusive of 96161. collected at Liverpool, 72201. at Edin- burgh, 68541. at Manchester, and 6553/. at Dublin. The last ac- counts from the district suffering front the famine state that extended measures of relief were in operation, and it was hoped that the rainy season had fairly set in.

— The Bishop of Salisbury commenced the third triennial visita- tion of his diocese on Thursday. A large number both of clergy and laity attended in the cathedral, as it was expected that the proceed- in s taken by the Bishop against Dr. Rowland Williams would be alluded to in the charge. His Lordship commenced by paying a warm tribute to the memory of the late Lord Herbert, of whom he spoke thus : " He (the Bishop) never met a man who, by his generous noble bearing, by his genial sympathizing disposition, by his unruffled forgiving temper, by his great abilities and unflagging devotion to the work which was allotted to him, by his forward zeal iu providin.a the means of grace and education, and by the mark which he set upon them of his sense of their value ; by his ungrudg- ing and bounteous liberalty, and by his personal sacrifices recom- mended the faith and life of a true Christian more than Lord Herbert. did, and lie was sure that all in this kingdom, particularly the soldier, the clergy, and Christ's poor, would receive this dispensa- tion of Providence as a deep family affliction." After going through i some purely diocesan details, his Lordship passed in review the several measures affecting the Church which have been introduced into Parliament during the session, especially the bill for legal- izing marriage with a deceased wife's sister, which he urged his ahearers to do their utmost to oppose. He then adverted to the subject of Essays and Reviews : " They would all under- stand that he was alluding to a book, professing to be the work of six clergymen and one layman, called Essays and Re- views, and though he was not going, however much he might be tempted to do so, to break the rule of silence which circumstances had imposed upon him, still he felt he owed it to the diocese—both to the clergy and laity—to explain to them in not many words the reasons which had led him to adopt the course upon which he had now entered. He had instituted, proceedings against the reputed writer of one of those Essays. There was much to dissuade him from acting as he had done. His belief was that there was not suffi- cient power in either of the Essays to exercise any permanent in- fluence over the minds of men. This was one cause of hesitation. Again, he was not free from fear that legal proceedings would extend and iutensify the influence, whatever it might be and, further, he did not think that the constitution of our courts of judicature was as well fitted as one could desire to weigh the balance of truth on many of the questions which must necessarily be submitted to them. Then there was another cause for hesitation—the dictates of a righteous caution lest indignation against a reckless and ruthless attempt to all down the fabric of Christianity to its foundation might make him forget the claims of charity and justice. There were these diffi- culties in the way of instituting legal proceedings ; but on the other side there were preponderating reasons for formally submitting the essay to the Archbishop's Court, and to show that the Church die. approved it. The Church allowed great latitude, but there must be a limit somewhere. At the time of his consecration he (the Bishop) accepted the responsibility of keeping, the teaching of his clergy within these wide limits. Again, the Archbishops and Bishops of the Church of England had testified by a public record that in this case the limits allowed by the Church had been transgressed, while the Lower House of Convocation and his own clergy had given in their adhesion to that testimony. Such testimony had helped to force the conclusion upon his mind that the case was beyond the bounds of toleration, and had quickened his sensibilities upon it. Upon the writers of the Essays and Reviews this record has had no effect. On the contrary, by frequent publications they had challenged the Bishops to show that their views were inconsistent with the law of the Church of England and her ministry. He might almost say that the writers had protested against informal acts, and had demanded in the name of justice a decision from those Courts to which decision on such points belonged. The matter had cast a heavy burden upon him, but loyalty to his Church compelled him to adopt the course lie had taken—any other course would have shown him to be cowardly and unfaithful to his trust." His Lordship pro- ceeded to speak at some length on the incarnation, justification by faith, and the other doctrines assailed in Essays and Reviews, con- tending that upon them hinged the whole Christian system, and con- cluded by pronouncing the benediction. The articles have been filed in the proceedings against Dr. Williams, and the case will be ready for hearing, early next term. The preamble charges Dr. Williams with having, within the last two years, written, printed, published, dispersed, and set forth, in a book entitled Essays and Reviews, a certain article, or essay, or review, with divers notes thereto, entitled Bunsen's Biblical Researches; and by having, in such article, or essay, or review, and in the notes thereto, advisedly affirmed and maintained certain erroneous, strange, and heretical doctrines, posi- tions, and opinions, contrary and repugnant to the doctrine and teaching of the said united Church of England and Ireland. Articles 1 to 6 declare Dr. Williams's liability to be punished and convicted for the offence of false teaching, the publication of the book, and his share in its authorship, &c. &c. Articles 7 to 16 set forth seriatim the various particulars in which Dr. Williams's Essay is at variance with sound doctrine. Article 17 is as follows : "And we further article and object to you, the said Rev. Rowland Williams, that the manifest tendency, scope, object, and design of the whole Essay is to inculcate a disbelief in the Divine inspiration and authority of the Holy Scriptures contained in the Old and New Testament, to reduce the said Holy Scriptures to the level of a mere human com- position, such as the writings of Luther and of Milton; to deny that the Old Testament contains prophecies or predictions of our Saviour and other persons and events; to deny that the prophets, speaking under the special inspiration of the Holy Spirit, foretold human events; to deny altogether, or greatly discredit the truth and genuineness of the historical portions of the Old Testament, and the truth and genuineness of certain parts of the New Testament, and the truth and reality of the Miracles recorded as facts in the Old and New Testament; to deny or interpret by a meaning at variance with that of the Church the doctrines of original sin, of infant baptism, of justification by faith, atonement and propitiation by the death of our Saviour, and of the incarnation of our Saviour.' The remaining articles, five in number, are of the usual formal and technical character.

— The Lord-Lieutenant spent Friday at Belfast, and was actively employed all day in visiting the different institutions in the town— his excellency finding time in one day for the Depository of Fine Arts, the District Model School, the Barracks (where his excellency was invited to a d6jefiner in the mess-room, by Colonel Hobbs and the officers of the 14th depot battalion), the Ulster Bank, the Cricket Ground, the Queen's College, and the Botanic Gardens. At the latter place, the Royal Belfast Horticultural Society was holding its annual show, and his Excellency was the centre of attraction to a very large and fashionable assemblage. In reply to an address, his Ex- cellency announced, in very flattering terms, his intention of conferring the honour of knighthood on the Mayor of Belfast, Mr. Coey. The ceremony was then gone through, and Sir Edward Coe), rose amid great cheering. Sir Edward entered Belfast forty years ago, seeking employment without a shilling in his pocket, and has lately bought an estate from the Earl of Antrim at a cost of 80,0001, being now one of the wealthiest men in Belfast.

TUESDAY, AUGUST 13TH.

The report of the Registrar-General contains an instructive paper, by Dr. W. Farr, on the causes of death in England in 1859. The most noticeable feature is the rapid spread of diphtheria, the deaths from which epidemic in 1855 were 385 ; in 1856, 603 ; in 1857, 1583;. in 1858, 6606; in 1859, 10,184. Dr. Farr considers that diphtheria was well known in Italy and Spain in the seventeenth century, and that diphtherine, its materies morbi is some modifica- tion of scarlatinine. One quarter of all the deaths of the year were caused by zymotic diseases. Small-pox was fatal to 3848 ipersons, chiefly, of course, unvaccinated children. Excessive drinking is re- turned as the direct cause of death in 890 instances, 545 of which were from delirium tremens, and the remainder are simply ascribed to intemperance." Goat is stationary. The deaths from tubercu- lous diseases have decreased in number since 1853; while those from bronchitis have increased largely. Diseases of the three vital organs, the heart, lungs, and brain, amount nearly to the third of the deaths of the year. 7 persons died from fright, 8 (7 women) from grief, 5 from rage, and 26 women and 21 men from melancholy. Organic lesions, or local irritations productive of convulsions, were the cause of death to more than 25,000, chiefly infants. 27,104 persons only died a strictly natural death, that is to say from simple old age. Violent deaths amounted to the startling number of 14,649—or at the rate of 75 in 100,000 annually. Of the 13,056 of these deaths which are ascribed to accident or negligence, 279 were caused by poison. 1248 persons committed suicide, and 338 met their death by murder or manslaughter. — Immense crowds thronged the banks of the Thames at Batter- sea on Monday in order to witness the crossing of the river, on a tight-rope, by the "Female Blondin," who has been so extensively advertised at Cremome. She started from Battersea, and had per- formed, most successfully, about four-fifths of her journey, when, owing to some unforeseen breakdown to two of the guide ropes used to secure the one on which she walked in its place, she was com- pelled to stop, sit down on the rope, and ultimately descend into a boat.

— "Smoker" writes to the Times to complain of the improper use of arsenic in colouring imitation meerschaum pipes. A few days ago, he bought a pipe of the above description from a chemist, who was careful to inform him that the lips were not to be allowed to touch the pipe, but it was to be used with an iudia-rubber mouth- piece, but without stating a reason. A nephew of his, a medical student, on seeing thepipe, recommended him not to use it, as several of his fellow-students who had used similar pipes had been attacked with sore-throats and the other symptoms of arsenical poisoning. The pipes in question are made of common clay, but coloured with arsenic in order to resemble meerschaum.

— A circular memorandum, issued from the Horse Guards on Saturday, abolishes the purchase system with regard to commissions in the corps of Yeomen of the Guard, and provides that, in future, vacancies in that corps shall be filled up by officers in the army of long standing and good service. Compensation will be allowed to officers who have acquired their commissions bypurchase and are desirous of retiring from the corps, but the sale of commissions for the tuture is prohibited. All officers appointed in future must have been of a certain rank in the army, Royal Marines, or Indian army, no officer appointed who is over fifty, and in case of any officer be- coming, iii the opinion of the captain of the corps, permanently inca- pacitated, he will be required to resign his commission, or half his salary will be paid to a substitute, who will succeed to the next vacancy in the corps.

— The screw-stesiner Z. C. Pearson, of Hull, belonging to Mr. Z. C. Pearson, ex-mayor of that place, has been, it is feared, lost in the Baltic. She was a steamer of 700 tons burden, built at Sunder- land about a year ago, and left Riga for Hull on the 28th ult., with a crew of twenty-seven on board, and has not been heard of since. If the fears entertained on the subject turn out to be well founded, she will make the eighth-Hull steamer lost in the Baltic since October last.

— Mr. J. 0. Lever, M.P., has addressed a letter to the Chief Secre- tary for Ireland, on the subject of the forfeited Galway subsidy. After alluding to Sir Robert Peel's expression of an opinion favour- able to the renewal of the subsidy, at his re-election for Tamworth, Mr. Lever concludes thus : " Captain Washington, R.N., whose attention has been specially directed to the capabilities of Galway as a packet station, reported to the Government: It is no longer a question of this port or that port, of a few miles more or a few miles less in distance across the Atlantic. The problem has been solved, and solved in the way such problems ought to be solved The enterprise of this Lever Trans- atlantic Company has demonstrated that Galway has such claims. It is a fact that large steamers carrying over 300 passengers have for months used Galway fora packet station, have performed their voyages with punctuality and safety, and on one occasion have made the passage from Newfoundland to Ireland in less than six days, the quickest passage on record.' "The subsidy was granted fora twofold purpose—namely, to secure increased mail accommodation and a higher rate of speed in the transmission of letters. In spite of the numerous obstacles with which the company had to contend, they succeeded in effecting both the objects for which the project had been called into existence.

" That the ocean line of steamships from Galway to America was, in reality one of the great events of the age, was rendered evident from the number of passengers that flocked to the route. In 1858 the Indian Empire sailed from Galway with only eleven passengers, yet the returns of the Transatlantic pas- senger traffic, prepared by the Emigration Commissioners, and published by order of the lipase of Commons, give the following results for the year 1859:

"AVERAGE FOR THE YEAR 1859.

From LiverpooL Passengers per Outward Trip. Allen's 84 Cunard's ..... . 89 Inman's 116 Total in three vessels . . 289 From Galway. Passengers per Outward Trip. Galway Line 373 Total iu one vessel . . . 373

Sir Robert Peel's answer repeats the opinion he bad formerly expressed in favour of a line of steamers between Galway and America, but qualifies that opinion by saying : "However, at the close of the Session of 1861, and after the statement of the Prime Minister in the House of Commons on Tuesday last, it would ill become me to enter into speculation as to the probable result of subsequent arrangements, but you may rest assured that I shall bear in mind the desire you express that I should give the matter an earnest attention, and this I may say, that her Majesty's Government can have no other object in view than the pursuit of a generous policy towards Ireland, coupled with the hope that the commercial efforts and mercantile transactions of the Irish people may be marked with that success which a union of energy and enterprise with economy and prudence almost invariably command.

"I am, Sir, yours faithfully, "John 0. Lever, Esq., M.P., &a" "ROBERT PEEL.

WEDNESDAY, AUGUST 14TH.

— On Monday morning, after the conclusion of the business in the 'Bankruptcy Court, Mr. Commissioner Fane addressed the follow- ing extraordinary intimation to the members of the Bar : "I have lately addressed a letter to Viscount Palmerston as Prime Minister, expressing my feelings as to the manner in which the Commissioners of this Court have been treated by the Bankruptcy and Insolvency Bill, now become law. I am anxious to give the utmost possible publicity to that letter, and with that view I intend to read it in this court to-morrow at twelve o'clock. I shall be glad if some members of the Bar who practise in this court, and some gentlemen connected with the press, will attend. I hope to have to-morrow a sufficient number of printed copies of the letter to supply every gentleman who may wish to have one." On the following day, accordingly, the court was crowded by members of the Bar, reporters, and others, who attended on purpose to hear the learned Commissioner's production read ; to the disappointment, however, of those who expected to extract some amusement from the scene, and to the satisfaction of all who wished to be spared the spectacle of an English judge pub- licly expressing his contempt for the laws he will be called upon to administer, Mr. Fane—satisfied, perhaps, that the large attendance showed that he was considered to be perfectly capable of such a pro- ceeeding—gave notice of his intention to postpone, at least, the reading of the letter. He said : " Since I mentioned the subject of this letter, I have had a conversation with a gentleman in whose judgment I place the greatest confidence, and in deference to his opinion I postpone the reading of the letter until the reassembling of the legal world after the holidays. Those gentlemen, therefore, who have come here in anticipation of hearing the letter read, will, I am sure, be disappointed, but disappointed only for a short time, be- cause after the vacation I will certainly read the letter. I am sorry, very sorry, to have caused all this disappointment."

— The Commissioners of Inland Revenue have issued their fifth report. It is of considerable length, and full of details, but the fol- lowing are among the principal points of interest contained in it. The net receipts from excise duties in the years ended March 31st, 1860 and 1861, were respectively 20,227,98S/. and 19,534,4421. They consequently show a decrease of 693,5461. The quantities of spirits brought. to charge during the last two years are as follows : In 1860, 24,965,192 gallons ; and in 1861, 20,147,824 gallons ; showing a de- crease of 4,837,368 gallons. This decrease, while partly attributable to the diminished consumption consequent upon an increase of duty, is also to be accounted for by several other causes— firstly, because while in 1860 unusually large stocks of spirits had been accumulated in anticipation of an increase of duty, since that increase took place all persons concerned in the spirit trade have uniformly kept their stocks as low as possible. St condly, by the effect of the bad harvest in restricting consumption. In Ireland the sale of spirits during the five months from August to the end of the year is nearly as much as that of the preceding seven months, if not more, so that a bad harvest must have great influence over the con- sumption. Since the commencement of the current financial year, how- ever, the quantity brought to charge has been constantly larger than in the corresponding period of last rear, and if that quantity continues, with a proportionate increase during the winter months, the total consumption by the end of the financial year will most probably reach 21,000,000 gallons. Illicit distillation has decreased considerably. The number of detections were, in 1860-1861: in England 126 and 111, in Scotland 29 and 18, and in Ireland 2396 and 1589. The number of bushels of malt charged with duty in 1860 was 44,565,038, and in 1861, 37,368,716, the decrease being 7,196,322. The former quantity, however, was the largest on record, and exceeded that of- 1858-9 by 2,000,000 bushels. The number of barrels of beer ex ported, and amount of drawback paid thereon, in the years ending the 31st of March, 1860 and 1861, was as follows: In 1860 there were 631,363 barrels of beer exported, and in 1861, 509,031. The amount of drawback paid thereon was, in 1860, 202,358/. ; and in 1861,1A1,152/. In 1859, 45,565 acres of hops were under culti- vation, and in 1860, 46,272 acres ; in 1859, 68,496,958 lbs. of hops were charged with duty, and in 1860, 11,162.777 lbs.; in 1859 the amount of duty was 599,3461. ; in 1860, 69,7671. These figures speak for themselves, the duty on hops representing simply the quantity grown. The increase on stamps from last year is 328,2514, the net receipts having been respectively 8,032,5384 and 8,360,7891. In 1860, the income tax produced 9,666,141/., in 186], 10,957,0601. The assessments on profits of trade under Schedule D, for 1859-60, show an increase over those for the year 1858-9, of 4,188,0001. The improvement is especially to be noticed in the assessments for the following places : City of London, Liverpool, Manchester, Bir- mingham, Bristol, Leeds, Sheffield, Bradford, Wakefield, Salford, Southampton, Wolverhampton, Burton-upon-Trent, Cheshire, Essex, Surrey, and Sussex. — Mr. Sowerby, C.E., writes to the Times on the subject of the routes between India and Thibet and Western China, and especially advocates the adoption of the route following the Kosika and Ramgunga rivers, by which a road, or even railroad, might be made up to within two days' march of the Snowy Passes, which there are only 16,000 feet high, as against 18,000 at Sikkim. Along the

entire ckistance of this route are hundreds of thousands of acres of jungle, which in Mr. Sowerby's opinion might be brought under cultivation for the growth of tea, sugar, cotton, hemp, rhea, flax, or other produce. There are also mines within the British territories on this route, containing rich stores of lead, copper, iron, silver, and even gold, of the latter of which Mr. Sowerby has samples in Ids own possession. At present the trade between India and Thibet is carried on exclusively by the Bhotans, or Bhotiers, who make one trip in the year, between the months of July and August, and barter their com- modities at. the fairs of Bagasur and Ramnuggur. There are also other eligible routes besides the one indicated above, of which, how- ever, Mr. Sowerby does not give the particulars.

— The following officers and soldiers engaged in the capture of the Takn fort, on the 21st of August, 1860, are to be rewarded for especial acts of bravery by the coveted distinction of the Victoria Cross : Captain R. M. Rogers, 44th Regiment (now of the 90th); Birch M‘Dougall, 44th; Lieutenant Lenox, 67th; Captain Burslam, 67th (now of the 60th); Private Lane, 67th ; Lieutenant Chaplin, 67th (now of the 100th) ; and Hospital Apprentice Arthur Fitz- gibbon, of the Indian Medical Service.

THURSDAY, AUG. 15TH.

— Sir G. Bowyer publishes in the Times a letter addressed to Lord Palmerston, and denouncing Italian rule in Naples. On the 1st instant, he says, sixty-four persons, reported to be Legitimists, were assassinated in Naples, and the prisons are full of the victims of Piedmontese tyranny. Four papers have been suppressed, and their editors thrown into prison. The Sardinian troops are burning, mur- dering, and pillaging all over the provinces ; six suspected persons were shot in one day, and the whole kingdom is full of anarchy and insurrection. Sir G. Bowyer adds that Cardinal Riario Sib= has been expelled the kingdom, and forty priests sent into exile. "A mob of persons in the pay of the police insulted these venerable exiles," while the people wept over their saintly bishop. He holds the Ministry responsible for these acts, as it hasllent its influence and support to Piedmontese invasions.

— Matthew Phibbs was tried in January last, at Ballymote, Sligo, for the murder of Mr. W. Callaghan, his wife, and Anne Mooney, a servant-girl. The jury found him guilty, but there was some doubt felt by the public, and the judge did not pass the capital sentence. He has now, however, confessed the murder, and pointed out the place where the property lie took was hidden. — Out of the deaths in England in 1859, 184,264 were those of children, or two in five of the whole mortality. More than half of these died within a few months of birth, and very many are'supposed to come by their deaths from other than natural causes. In London, 278 infants are known to have been murdered, 60 more were found dead in the Thames, and 100 more were found dead under railway arches, in cellars, and the like. In the same year there died 25 men and 56 women who had attained a hundred years of age. — The meeting of the Social Science Association at Dublin was opened on Tuesday by Lord Brougham, who delivered his inaugural address as President. After expressing his deep regret that on his first visit to Ireland lie could meet none of his early and honoured friends — Grattan, Plunkett, Wellington, and Wellesley — whose transcendent genius had adorned their country, but all of whom he had been doomed to outlive, his Lordship entered upon the subject before him—the progress which Social Science has made during the year, and its present state and prospects :

" We are met again by the complaint that few of the plans proposed by us have been accomplished, and that, of the measures originating in our labours, many have failed to pass through the Legislature. But the progress of all the sciences and arts is slow, because their improvement is necessarily, gradual. sin the whole circle of science you find gradual progress to be the rule. Thus the vast changes which Newton made in mathematics and in physical science were effected after others had made a near approach to the same point- The calculus, in itself so great an extension of analytical science, and in its consequences producing such a revolution in all the exacter sciences, had, above a quarter of a century before its invention, been nearly discovered by Cavalleri and Ro- herval, and still more nearly by Fermat, and some years later most nearly of all by Barrow; while the doctrine of gravitation and its explanation of the heavenly motions had been approached—at any rate, had the way prepared for it—by Ga- lileo, Kepler, Huyghens, Borelli ; and even his optical discoveries had been par- tially anticipated by Krontaud of Prague, and Antonio, Bishop of Spelatro. The science of chemistry, from the dreams of the alchemists to the erroneous theory of Stahl, made slow progress, and by successive improvements was freed from those errors, and grew into the science which Black, Priestly, Lavoisier, and Davy brought to its present state. The great rale of gradual progLess governs the moral sciences as well as the natural. Before the foundationeof political economy were laid by Hume and Smith, the French economists had made a great step towards it, and Turgot had himself worked, and, as a Minister, had patro- nized the labours of others in the same direction. Again, in constitutional policy, see by what slow degrees the great discovery of representative government has been made from its first rude elements—the attendance of feudal tenants at their lord's court, and the summons of burghers to grant supplies of money. Far from being impatient at this 810W progress, we ought rather to reflect that the sure advance of all the sciences depends in a great measure upon its being gradual, But the common law of our nature, which forbids the sudden and rapid leaping forward, and decrees that each successive step prepared by the last shall facilitate the next, is in an especial manner of importance and of value in the social sciences, which so nearly affect the highest interests of mankind. Here our course, to he safe, must be guided by the result of experience, and must always be of a tentative kind. We must even be prepared to change our direction and our pace, and to retrace our steps when we find we have gone too far in a wrong direction. An elaborate report, with suggestions on the Patent Law and the reports on Private Bill legis- lation, have as yet borne no fruit. But the important propositions respecting Charitable Trusts, made by our learned and distinguished colleague, Sir W. Page Wood, have to a great extent been adopted by the Education Com- mission, under the Duke of Newcastle ; and the amendments of the Bankruptcy and Insolvency Laws, which, after the fullest investigation; are so strongly re- commended, have almost all been introduced into the new Act, the careful framing of which reflects the greatest credit upon the Lord Chancellor. It has not passed through the ordeal of the Lords without material changes ; but is an important amendment of the law. Five Acts have been passed containing a digest of the main body of the criminal statute law. No gain to our jurisprudence can be more important, both in itself and as leading to a digest of the law in all its branches, for nothing can more directly tend to its improvement in every way. Bat, furthermore, it is confessed on all hands that the subject has an indisputable right to protection in return for his allegiance; nay, as the very condition for his allegiance. Yet, involved in this is the right to be made acquainted with the laws under which he lives, and submission to which his allegiance implies. But the ancient tyrant who placed his laws at such a height that the people could not read them, hardly did a worse act than they who so wrap them up in vague language, and so mix and confound their provisions, that when read they are not understood. Happily,. there is now an end to this grievous defect in our system—a certainty of having a digest, which for many years was beyond my most sanguine ex- pectations, when the labours of those to whom nearly thirty years ago I committed the consolidation, giving ns most valuable reports, seemed doomed to disappointment by the course pursued in the House of Commons, and would have continued ineffectual but for the exertions and the influence of our National Association. Let us, however, hold in grateful remembrance the invaluable services of Messrs. B. Ker, Starkie, Greaves, and Lonsdale towards the success of this great work. In coming to the next department—Education—our attention is first of all arrested by the great event which has happened since our last meeting, and to which our unwearied exertions have most essentially con- tributed—the repeal of the paper duty, the heavy tax upon knowledge in every- one of its various branches. 'I hat gross and glaring anomaly in our legislative as well as administrative proceedings has now ceased. We can no longer be charged with, at one and the same time, paying for schools to teach and raising the price of the books taught--of encouraging the people to read, of patronizing authors and multiplying readers, while we make it unprofitable for the former to. write and hard for the latter to read. The effect of this most salutary change has been immediate, and it has been great Over what an ample field its opera- tion extends may be seen by this,—that one daily penny paper has a circulation of 80,000, and a halfpenny weekly journal, with excellent cuts, has been established, and already issues above 8000. The good thus bestowed seems to- be free from all admixture of evil ; for the alarm felt by some, affected by more,. at the cheap newspaper press is really groundless. The bulk of readers, always influenced by the more rational and better informed part of the community, will entirely discountenance and prevent those outrages upon all taste as well as truth and decency which we have seen in the press of some countries—of one particularly,, so gross us almost to pass belief. But the character of the people must not bejudged as if they could approve of such things. We might as well charge the French countrymen of Lavoisier and Lafayette with being robbers and murderers because- the only papers of Marsh and Hebert preached wholesale pillage and assassina- tion, as hold the countrymen of Washington and Franklin answerable for the sins of their press—a compound of slander, fraud, and bluster. But our proceedings. touching education have been successful its other directions. At the Bradford meeting the vice-president over this department was Mr. Chadwick, so well known for his invaluable services on the Poor Law Commission thirty years ago,. and without whose aid and agency that great measure of practical social science,. the New Poor Law, could never, in all probability, have been prepared. At Brad- ford he communicated to Mr. Senior, one of the Education Commissioners, who attended our congress, the result of the discussions in the department over which he presided upon the important subjects of reducing the time consumed in teach- ing at schools, and of forming those schools and unions so as to lessen the cost and increase the efficiency of instruction. The commissioner requested him to examine these points in detail when the congress broke up. He did so, and collected a most valuable body of information, by visiting the schools in the manufactories. of the West Riding, conferring also with schools' inspectors and with medical men. His report was, unfortunately, too late to be inserted in that of the com- mission ; but it has since been moved for in the House of Lords, and is presented, with his letter to Mr. Senior. It may be considered as an event in the history of education, and it is quite certain to occasion extensive improvements, in- creasing the number of children taught, lessening their labour, and making it conducive to the health both of the body and mind. I certainly regard air- Chadwick as having rendered to education a service equal to that which the amendment of the Poor Law owes him. The Criminal and Reformatory Depart- men t presents very satisfactory results; and it may be fit at this meeting that we dwell more especially on the Irish branch of the subject. The number of reformas tory schools is but small, and it is devoutly to be wished that they were multiplied_ But the diminution of crime in this island, of late years, is most satisfactory s and, allowing that the great migration, since the famine years, has had much influence, enough of the improvement remains to reflect the greatest credit upon the instructors of youth and the ministers of religion. The decrease in the number of the people makes any comparison of the commitments for offences inconclusive, unless we regard the proportion of these to population. They were, in 1856, as 1 to 923 of the people ; in 1859, as 1 to 1117 ; and in 1860, as 1 to 1217. The number of juvenile offenders decreased in a stilt- greater proportion. Pre-eminence among the subjects engaging our attention. must, in some degree, be determined by local circumstances; and we this year assemble in a capital that affords the opportunity and imposes the duty of in- specting the operation of the Irish convict system, which has received the atten- tive consideration, not of Great Britain only, but of the continent of Europe, and of the United States of America. The statement that has been put about, that the Irish plan is only adapted to the local circumstances of the country, has been entirely refuted by a reference to the adoption and support of the system abroad.. Baron Holtzendorff, professor in the University of Baden, has published an ex- cellent work upon it, and intends to honour this congress with his presence. The celebrated jurist, Professor Mittermaiere, of Heidelberg, has given his ample and zealous testimony in Captain Crofton's favour; and Count Cavour, in the midst of all his labours and anxieties, during the last two years of his life,. applied himself to master the principles of the system, which lie intro- duced, under Cavalier Peri, into the Tuscan territory. In the great department of Social Economy much attention was at the last congress. given to the important introduction into the manufacturing districts of the co-operative system—the establishment of unions by the working classes, for the purposes of sharing in the profits on the goods consumed or used by them, as well as of preventing adulteration of those goods, and for the other purpose Of carrying on branches of manufacture. In both these kinds of union the progress has been very great since last year, and in the latter those doubts which seemed to exist of the scheme's practicability have been almost altogether removed. Above fifty companies fur manufacture have been established since last congress, be- sides many of mere stores. In these last a capital of 500,0001. is invested ; but in the former the manufacturing concerns represent a capital of nearly 2,000,0001., exclusive of the Manchester Cotton Company (limited), whose capi- tal is 1,000,0001. The returns of Mr. Tidd Pratt show the creation of above 250. co-operative societies within the last twelve months, all enrolled under the Friendly Society Act. It is not wonderful that the members of such unions should be of an educated class, but that they should often exercise themselves in literary labours is remarkable. Besides entering into competition for the prizes offered ly the Dial newspaper and by Mr. John Cassell, whose volume of above twenty working men's essays I have Just received, the working men of Manches- ter curry on a monthly Journal of co-operative progress, without the help or interference of any other class. A number of this work now lies before me, from which it appears that in the second year of its existence the sale has reached 12,000; it is well conducted, and a hope is expressed of improving it

when what they term "the detestable duty on paper" is given up. As might be suppoind, the savings and the profits of these good men are in part applied to public purposes and to charity. Thus at Rochdale they have given to the town a drinking-fountain and contributed 501. to the Indian Relief Fund, besides smaller yearly sums to the dispensary and the deaf-and-dumb institution. The effect of co-operation in preventing those strikes, so pernicious to the working classes and so dangerous to the peace of the community, has been everywhere felt- The late strikes at Colue may be ascribed to the want of co-operative unions in that district; but the mischiefs occasioned, and which left their deep traces behind, opened the people's eyes to their error, and the consequence has been the establishment in that district within the last three weeks of a shed with 700 looms upon the co-operative plan."

After giving some statistics connected with the progress of tem- perance, his Lordship alluded to the sixth department mainly for in- ternational subjects, which was added last year.

" This was the suggestion of the distinguished foreigners who attended at Glasgow, the chief of whom were N. Gamier Pages, of the Provisional Govern- ment, 1848, and M. Desmarest, of the French Bar. The same suggestion was likewise pressed upon us by Professor Kharktchowski, of Kherson, in Russia, who bad intended to be present, but was prevented by his professional duties. Ile, however, sent a most instructive letter. But we had been anticipated by the happy plan of the Prince Consort for an international statistical congress, which had held its meetings in London a few weeks before ours, and had been attended with complete success. His Royal Highness's able' learned, and comprehensive address in opening it deserves to be read with great attention, attention and is deserving of all praise. At Glasgow the subjects of general international averages and other kindred matters were discussed in a meeting attended by delegates from many Parts of the Continent: and we have the confident expectation of others being present here. The new department is under the presidency of no less eminent a political economist than M. Michel Chevalier, who also attended our Bradford congress two years ago."

His Lordship then proceeded to make some remarks on foreign affairs, chiefly characterized by a spirit of strong Toryism, and con- cluded his address amidst great cheering. A vote of thanks to his Lordship was then proposed by the Lord-Lieutenant, and seconded by Mr. Justice Fitzgerald. The number of tickets issued was for mem- bers at a guinea each, 285, for associates at 10s. each, 1386, total 1671, and allowing for life members and those who had received in- vitations, the total attendance must have reached 1800.

— The nomination for South Lancashire took place on Wednesday, at Newton-le-Willows, the High Sheriff, Sir Humphrey de Trafford, presiding. Mr. Turner was proposed by Mr. F. Shand, and seconded by Mr. R. H. Norreys ; Mr. Cheetham by Mr. T. Brocklebank and Mr. Mark Phillips. Mr. Turner spoke first, and was received with the usual mixture of cheers. and hooting. The chief object of his address was to show that his principles were more in accordance with those of Lord Palmerston than Mr. Cheetham's were, the latter gentleman, for example, advocating the separation of Church and State, and the ballot, and being identified with Mr. Bright's peace party, on all of which points Lord Palmerston entertained quite opposite views, so that, in fact, he (Mr. Turner) was more a sup- porter of Government than Mr. Cheetham himself. He also com- mented on Mr. Cheetham's studious avoidance of the subject of our volunteer forces : "Mr. Cheetham and his friends accused the Conservative party of everything that had gone wrong in our administration for twenty years past, and took credit themselves for every good measure that had passed. But there were people—and strong Liberals among them—who thought the extreme opinions enunciated by the League party in Parliament had done the greatest mischief to England. The Conservative party were charged with misconducting our foreign affairs-' but almost the last thing said by Lord John Russell, the Foreign Minister of Lord Palmerston's Government before his elevation to the House of Peers, was to this effect: have always said in this House, and I am ready to repeat it now, that I thought Lord Malmesbury a. very efficient Minister of Foreign Affairs, and that the general course of his policy was the right policy to pursue.' (Great cheering, and 'Three cheers for Lord Mahnesbury.') He would rather take the opinion of Lord- J. Russell on the matter than the opinion of Mr. Cheetham; and if it had not been for the support of the Can- servatives the Palmerston Government itself would long ago have fallen under the attacks of the League party. (Cheers.) On the question of Parliamentary Reform he (Mr. Turner) was in favour of a representation in conformity with the wealth, intelligence, and general population of the country ; but it was idle for a gentleman to pledge himself to any particular figure that might be pro- posed as the limit of the franchise; and a matter of so much importance ought not to be brought before the Legislature unless the people generally had a strong opinion about it, or unless the Government had a fair chance of carrying their proposals through Parliament. That was the opinion of Lord Derby, echoed by Lord Granville. (' Three cheers for Lord Derby!) He was accused of being only a convert to Free Trade, but surely the Liberals should not object to a convert (cheers), and he had always been a man of progress, ready to make such modifications and improvements as seemed to become desirable. He was for amendments, while Isis opponents were for destruction. (Cheers.) As to our foreign policy, he thought that, while sympathizing with liberty everywhere,

i

we ought not to intervene in the affairs of other States. (Loud cheers.) He said the first question was, by what standard or lest were the electors going to decide? There were great principles at issue in this contest, and there were parties, as in days gone by. The party of his opponents, however, appeared under false colours, professing themselves to be Reformers, and attached to our institutions, after having formerly denounced the efforts made to bring about the improved state of things they now accepted. What confidence was now to be placed in the opinions of men whose perceptions had been so egregiously mis- taken? (Cheers.) It was said on the other side that further Reforms were under consideration.' But, surely, when a man came to ask his countrymen to give him power in the Legislature to protect and advance their interests, he should have done considering and be ready for action, avowing his principles, and prepared manfully to defend them. (deers.) It seemed they were all ree- traders. But what was the value of galena acknowledgments on paper, which were contradicted in practice? Those gentlemen now opposed to him, sad accepting Free Trade, had denounced Mr. Gladstone's Budget, and tried to undermine the great work of Mr. Cobden in Paris. His honourable opponent was guarded in Isis language, for instead of saying We approve of the Free-trade principle,' he said, we concur in it.' (Laughter and cheers.) Of what value was his concurrence now the battle was won—no thanks to him? (Cheers.)"

Mr. Cheetham proceeded to criticise Mr. Turner's pretensions as a promoter of increased cotton supply, and expressed his opinion that the Church of England would one day see the benefit of separa- tion between Church and State. The show of hands was then taken, which the High Sheriff declared to be in favour of Mr. Turner, and a poll was demanded for Mr. Cheetham, and given for Saturday.

— The Archduke Ferdinand Maximilian, who for some time past has been staying in this country, paid a visit to Southampton yester- day, for the purpose of ascertaining the capabilities of that port for the establishment of a line of steamers between Trieste and an Eng- lish port. On his arrival in Southampton, a complimentary address from the corporation was read by the Town Clerk, to which his Im- perial Highness briefly replied, and then proceeded to visit and inspect the docks and harbour. On their return the imperial party were entertained by the corporation at a cltjetiner at the Victoria Assembly-rooms. After the usual loyal and patriotic toasts, the Mayor proposed "The Emperor of Austria," and next., his illustrious guest, the Archduke Ferdinand Maximilian, Lord High-Admiral of Austria. The archduke then returned thanks, andproposed "The Prosperity, Power, and greatness of England—(cheers)—the elevated model of all free, active, and industrious nations." (Cheers.) Sub- sequently, Mr. Falvey proposed " The House of Commons," coupling with the toast the name of Mr. Roebuck, M.P. Mr. Roebuck then returned thanks, and spoke at some length on Austrian affairs. He considered the Emperor had attempted to introduce in his dominions that constitutional government which has made England what she is, but besides the difficulties attendant upon bringing under one united empire hostile communities differing in language, he had met with those ignorances, prejudices, and mistakes which constantly attend men who attempt to do good to their fellow-creatures,—still, maligned and misrepresented as he might be, all well-thinking En„7- lislimen would do what they could to aid him in his beneficent task. Mr. Roebuck then asked their guest to reflect that all the evidences of prosperity and greatness he had seen that day were the result of individual enterprise, which had been allowed to attain ire end through the existence of a Government which enabled the people to make their own laws. The Archduke had that day seen multitudes met together, but not a single soldier. The law was not thrust down our throats at the bayonet's point, and every well-conditioned man was a policeman; and all because we had made our own laws. " I honour that great monarch who, from his high mountain, has seen that there are things below him worthy of regard, and who has made the people the par- ticipants of his power. I believe the English people thoroughly and entirely appreciate the value of what the Emperor of Austria has been doing. It has been growing slowly upon them, and 1 think that the people of England at this hoar believe they understand what he is doing. He has not attempted to make one party superior to another ; but he has attempted to give all alike a constitu- tional government. He will be opposed by interest, by faction, and by dema- gogues ; but let him depend upon the people of England. They will support lain throughout all his difficulties. They know from experience what those difficulties are, and they will hail him as one of the great benefactors of mankind. (Cheers.) Now, sir, we enjoy all these things, and why do we enjoy them? Because we govern ourselves, and, governing ourselve, we have a House of Commons."

Mr. Roebuck concluded by returning thanks in the name of the House of Commons. Mr. J. It. Stebbing, president of the Chamber of Commerce, then proposed "The Commerce of Austria and Eng- land," coupling with it the name of Count Apponyi, the Austrian ambassador, who responded. He said :

" I find it very difficult, I assure you, to express my grateful sense of the honour you hare done me. The good wishes of England for Austria go straight to every Austrian's heart. It is not only the many struggles borne together in the past which should attach the two countries to each other, for there is a cer- tain undeniable resemblance in character, feelings, and pursuits. Whilst I have been called upon to represent my master at the court of your universally honoured Queen, I have happily often had the occasion to study in the various. classes of society all that is so good and so great in Eng'asd ; and it is with sin- cere pride that, looking back towards Austria, 1 recognize in her many of the self-same capacities for goodness, for greatness, and I will also say, for freedom.. (Cheers.) It is the fond belief of those Austrians who know this country well that their own must one day be more closely formed upon her model than any other Continental state can be. For my &Nen part, gentlemen, I confess that my ardent hopes for the ever stronger union of our two countries rest upon the fact that all their interests are the same. It is almost impossible to conceive any case in which the interests of England and Austria could clash. They are allies formed by nature. (Cheers.)

FH1DAY, AUGUST 16TH.

— An inquest was held, on Monday and Wednesday, on the body of Mr. Montmorency Durant Stokes, of Desborough-place, Harrow- road, who, together wills his wife, was killed, on the night of the 26th ult., by the explosion of a paraffin oil lamp. The most important point in the inquiry was, whether the oil used in the lamp at the time of the explosion was supplied by the Paraffin Oil Company, or was only a dangerous substitute; and the Company were represented at the inquest with a view to deciding the question. The son of the deceased, Mr. M. B. Stokes, deposed that on the night of the acci- dent he was pouring fresh oil into the lamp, when his mother acci- dentally dropped a lighted match into the oil already in the lamps The result was an Immediate explosion, shattering the lamp, and throwing the blazing oil over the room. The window-sash and curtains were burnt up, and the deceased and his wife received in- juries which proved fatal to the latter on Thursday week, and the former on Thursday. Dr. Odling, analytical chemist, showed by ex- periment that a sample of oil similar to that bought for the deceased at a shop in Margaret-terrace, Paddington-green, would explode when brought into contact with a lighted match. The inquiry was then. adjourned till Wednesday, when Dr. Odling made some further ex- periments, showing that the oil left untouched in the can from wheal* the lamp was being filled at the time of the explosion, would give of an explosive vapour at the ordinary temperature, and also would kindle into a sheet of flame at the contact of a lighted match, while that supplied by the company would only burn with a wick, and could not possibly explode. The former substanea he denied to be paraffin oil at all; he thought it was a ram, learn oil. Its gRravity was only 794, whereas that of the coin- NOTICE.

the oil, was then examined, and stated that though he had Terms : bought oil from the company since 1859, he had also been supplied Per Annum, payable in advance £2. largely from Lamb and Palmer's, and if the oil which exploded had Postage free.

representative of Lamb and Palmer, however, said lie was prepared POSTSCRIPT. to prove that they had never sent out oil of such low specific gravity as 794, but generally from 815 to 825. Mr. Johnson, who appeared for the Paraffin Oil Company, said that though the company were (By telegram through Mr. Neuter's ewe.) an explosion of the vapour of a certain substance called paraffin oil, Omer Pasha is indisposed. He is now at Mostar.

pany, and that the explosion aforesaid, and the death of the said but which was not the paraffin oil sold by the Paraffin Light Com- would reach from Kensington to the Crystal Palace. The formal tion of applications for space, which have already vastly exceeded the Norwegian Embassy to visit the Bank. whole available space, one man alone, for example, demanding Tower of London, and the Royal Arsenal at Woolwich. a space of 2,250,000 square feet, or nearly three times as much as the whole exhibition space in the building, for agricultural

implements. Many of the applications, especially those of inventors, are of a somewhat ludicrous nature. The articles exhibited are not, as at Paris in 1855, to be classed under the heads of manufactures, animal, vegetable, mineral, &c., but by the respective trades under which they come. A result of this arrangement is that the Com- missioners now possess a list of upwards of 6000 distinct trades and manufactures, hundreds of which are utterly unknown to the public, and many even to the Commissioners themselves.

— Mr. Haywood, Secretary to the Cotton Supply Association, writes to the President of that body, giving an account of his inter- view with the Viceroy of Egypt, relative to the culture of cotton in that country. His Highness expressed himself as being very anxious to promote an extensive cultivation of cotton in his territory, but owing to the abandonment of the system under which the Go- vernment under Mohammed Ali formerly monopolized cotton as a

source of revenue, and cultivated the land by forced labour, he feared he could not do more than set the example by growing cotton on his own estates, which lie was willing to do. At present, the fellah, or cultivator, being allowed to cultivate his land as he liked, would only grow cotton when certain of a good market for it. The fellah, too, often raised money on the security of his cotton or other crops, for which lie had to pay at the rate of 30, or sometimes even 60 or 70 per cent. All this, of course, is for the consideration of the English capitalist, and if he makes these advances to the fellah, at a moderate interest on the security of his crop—guaranteed by the Egyptian Government—and makes the growth of cotton remunerative by offer- ing a fair price, there would no doubt be a large production of cotton in Egypt. Mr. Haywood states that, as far as he can judge, there is no limit to the productive power of the country, and believes the production of cotton might soon, by the adoption of the plan sug- gested by the Viceroy, be increased tenfold.