THE WAR IN ITALY.

The tenour of the news all the week has been—" the Austrians are retreating." They have marched away, not only from the Ticino to the Adds, and from the Adda to the Oglio ; but the garrison of Bologna has rejoined the main army by Breseello, and the garrisons of Ferrara and Ancona, have marched. towards Venice. Piacenza has been blown up, though not with much injury. to the works, and some cannon and stores have been left behind. Pizzighettone, having served to cover the pas- sage of the Adds, has shared the fate of Piacenza. Since the combat at Meleguano the Austrians have not been reached by their pursuers except at Canonica. The Emperor and Bing have crossed the Adds in pursuit, at Vaprio and Cassano ; the Austrian head-quarters are at Mantua, and the Emperor has taken the command of his army.

The Allies have been operating with their left wing, Garibaldi still keeping the most forward position on that side. On the 12th he was at Brescia, with his van at Castelnedolo.

" Vienna, Tuesday, June 14.—The official Wiener Zeitung contains the following—' The Emperor will fbrthwith assume the immediate command in chief, and has ordered a new position for the Army, which will be taken up in the best manner possible." " Verona, June 15.—No news of any importance from the seat of war. The different corps d'armee take possession of their allotted positions, unmo- lested by the enemy. The division of General d'Urban alone has sustained a fight at Castenedolo with Garibaldi's bands, which, although amounting to 4000 men, with four pieces of cannon, were repulsed by our troops." " Vienna, , June 16.—The Austrian states that the or-

ganisation for the defence of the Tyrolese territory is progressing. Several companies have bean already drawn out, and many others are in prepa- ration. The mountain passes are occupied."

"Turin June 16.—The allied army of Italy passed the Serb on the 13th, marching towards the river Oglio. The advance guard is at Coccaglio. The head-quarters of the King of Sardinia are at Palazzuolo. General Garibaldi was at Brescia up to the evening of the 12th. General Urban's corps quitted Coccaglio on the morning of the 13th, and appears to be retiring to Or- zinovi."

With the Austrians the Cardinal Legate retired from Bologna, leaving to the municipality the government of the town. The municipality thereupon appointed a commission, which immediately proclaimed Victor Emmanuel Dictator. The Marquis Pepoli headed the revolutionary

ParTT e towns of Forli, Faenza, and Imola, have proclaimed Victor Em- manuel King. The Ministerial Ostdeutsehe Post publishes a correspondence from Paris speaking of the eventuality of the French landing on the coasts of the Venetian territory.

Milan, as might be anticipated, was in a state of eestacy after the arrival of the Allies. The town, abandoned by the Austrians, who had marched out without committing any outrages, through streets hung with the tricolor, was left a long time without any other Government than one improvised on the spot. Yet all passed off with the greatest order. When the Emperor entered, all exhaled in joy; but the rain spoiled their illuminations on the 4th.

" But if the Milanese forgot in their joy that others were fighting for their cause a few miles off, they remembered that after the fight it was their duty to do everything to alleviate the sufferings of the wounded. Last night, indeed, but more especially this morning, hundreds of private car- riages, from the most stylish equipage down to the common two-wheeled cart of the country, went down to the battle-field as improvised ambulances, and they came back with the wounded. Every family who can afford it gives linen, bedding, and charpie ; the ladies go as volunteer nurses to the hospitals, send all kind of dainties—do, in fact, everything that can be de- sired ; and all this is done spontaneously, and with a good will and readi- ness which show that they know how to appreciate the services of their liberators.' If the-Milanese had their pleasure rather spoiled yesterday by the storm, they were indemnified for that by the splendid sight which the procession to the Duomo and the Te Deum offered them. The whole in- fantry of the Guard, coming from the Piazza d'Armi, near the arena where they are encamped, traversed the streets, music in front, and then formed in line all along the Corso, through which the Emperor went to the church. I should have only to repeat myself in recounting the reception ; it rained flowers and laurel crowns, the air resounded with enthusiastic hurrahs, every one was radiant, the streets bright and sunny—in fact, everything beautiful and satisfactory. The Emperor was received by the clergy at the door, and the whole ceremony passed off as these things usually do. Only the attitude of the people was interesting, for rarely was there a thanks- giving, I believe., in which so many hearts sincerely joined—not only those privileged to go inside, but the thousands and thousands outside. Imagine besides this the splendid cathedral and the square before it, the magnificent troops, still surrounded with all the halo of a recent victory, and an Italian sun, rather hot, but brilliant. It was a eight such as it rarely falls to the lot of man to sec' On the 6th the Communal Council had sent its homage to Victor Em- manuel and its gratitude to Napoleon. On the 7th another appeal was made by a military sanitary commisaion for linen, beds, shirts,—in fact, whatever was necessary to furnish the hospitals to which those wounded at Magenta were being transported. Not only was this amply responded to but numbers of ladies and other women went as voluntary nurses to the hospitals. On the 8th, when the Sovereigns entered, the Council presented an address to the King, in which they said-

" We are Tours by conviction, by sympathy, by geographical necessity, and by the historical right of the fusion in 1848, which has been confirmed by the last eleven years of sufferings and preparations, which will remain

eternally in the history of nations as a sublime example of what persever- ance in a just cause and dignity in public affairs may do."

Thereupon the King decreed the appointment of "the Cavaliere Paolo °floret° Vigliani, great officer of our Order of St. Maurizio and Lazzaro, as Governor of Lombardy." At the same time the following proclama- tion appeared- " People of Lombardy—The victory of the arms of freedom leads me among

you.

"Having regained your national rights, your votes confirm the union with my kingdom, which is founded on civil freedom.

"The temporary form of government which I give you today is required by the necessities of the war. "Independence once secured, the mind will acquire composure, the soul virtue, and then will be founded a free and lasting government. " People of Lombardy—Those who dwell under the Alps have already made great sacrifices for our common country, our army, swelled with vo- lunteers from our own and other provinces of Italy, has already given proofs of its valour, fighting victoriously for the national cause. "The Emperor of the French, our generous ally, worthy of the name and genius of Napoleon, putting himself at the head of that great nation, wishes to make Italy free from the Alps to the Adriatic. "Not minding sacrifices, you will second these magnanimous designs on the field of battle. You will show yourselves worthy of the destinies to whioh Italy is now called after centuries of sufferings. "General Head-quarters, Milan. V. Esraresrear.."

Then follows the decree for the provisional organization of Lombardy. It relates to the administration of the different branches of the public service. The spirit of it is to change only where circumstances abso- lutely require a change, and to leave the rest, as much as possible, for more regular times.

Other addresses were also published.

From the Emperor.

"Italians.—The fortune of war having brought us into the capital of Lombardy, I am about to tell you why am here. When Austria unjustly attacked Piedmont I resolved to support my ally the King of Sardinia, the honour and the interests of France making it a duty for me to do so. Your enemies, who are also mine, endeavoured to diminish the sympathy which was felt in Europe for your cause by making it be believed that I only made war for personal ambition, or to aggrandize the territory of France. If there are men who do not comprehend their epoch, I am not of the num- ber. In the enlightened state of public opinion there is more grandeur to be acquired by the moral influence which is exercised than by fruitless con- quests, and that moral influence I seek with pride in contributing to restore to freedom one of the finest parte of Europe. Your reception has already proved to me that you have understood me. I do not come here with the preconceived system of dispossessing the Sovereign nor to impose my will on you. My army will only occupy itself with two things—to combat your enemies and maintain internal order. It will not throw any obstacle in the way of the legitimate manifestation of your wishes. Providence sometimes favours nations as well as individuals by giving it a sudden opportunity for greatness, but it is on condition that it knows how to profit by it. Profit, then, by the fortune which is offered to you to obtain your independence. Organize yourselves militarily. Fly to the standard of King Victor Em- manuel, who has already so nobly shown you the path of honour. Remem- ber that without discipline there can be no army. Be today only soldiers, and tomorrow you will be the free citizens of a great country. "Head-quarters, ATI on, 8th. Naitorzorr." "To the Army of Italy.

" Soldiers—A month ago, confiding in efforts of diplomacy, I still hoped for the maintenance of peace, when suddenly the invasion of Piedmont by the Austrian troops called us to arms. We were not ready. Men, horses, material, and supplies, were wanting, and we had, in order to assist our allies, to pass in small divisions beyond the Alps before an enemy for- midable and prepared beforehand. " The danger was great; the energy of the nation and your courage supplied all ; France has again found her old virtues, and, united in one feeling and for one object, she has shown the power of her resources and the strength of her patriotism. It is now only ten days since operations commenced, and the Piedmontese territory has been already cleared of its invaders. The allied army has fought four combats and gained a decisive victory, which has opened to it the gates of the capital of Lombardy. You have put more than 35,000 Austrians hors de combat, taken 17 cannon, two colours, and 8000 prisoners ' • but all is not terminated ; you will have more struggles to support and obstacles to overcome.

"I rely on you. Courage, then, brave soldiers of the Army of Italy. Your forefathers from above contemplate you with pride.

"NAPOLEON."

On the 9th a great ovation was given to King Victor Emmanuel. "A process of thousands and thousands assembled on the Place before the Theatre of La Scala, with music, tricolours, inscribed Viva l'Unione !' Viva il nostro Ha,' and with no end of torches, and proceeded through the illuminated and decorated streets to the Corso, where his Majesty resides in the Palazzo Busca. With every step this gigantic crowd swelled more and more, until the whole Corso was one dense mass of human beings in slow progress. This crowd, already sufficiently animated, became more and more so by the hurrahs with which it was received, passing under the windows and balcony filled with people, shouting and waving handkerchiefs and tri- coloured flags. The crowd moved on without any trace of police or soldiers, without any accident, or• even a word of quarrel; women and children among them, as well as men, cheered to their hearts' content the King, who appeared in the balcony, and they went away again singing and hurrahing. The Italians are said not to be able to govern themselves !"

On the 11th June, says the Times correspondent at Milan, a concert was given at the theatre La Scala, at which both the Emperor and the Xing were present. " It would be useless to add that every one who had a chance of getting tickets went there, and that these latter were selling at high premiums. Although the time of illuminations is almost past, the Corso and all other streets leading to the theatre, as well as the Place before the theatre were illuminated. In spite of the drizzling rain large crowds were assembled be- fore the theatre. Towards eight o'clock their Majesties, accompanied only by their usual escorts, drew up in an open carriage among the hurrahs of the assembled multitude. The enthusiasm, which one would think might have exhausted itself, seemed to me greater than ever. The interior itself of the beautiful building was, of course, illucainateda giorno, and the body filled with the best society of Milan, resplendent in their toilettes. The coup d'wil was, indeed, magnificent, and fully compensated for the indif- ferent performance, which was got up in a hurryfor the occasion. The reception of the Sovereigns was, if possible, more enthusiastic than it had been outside. They remained for about two hours, during which time several despatches were brought to the Emperor. The crowd was waiting again for them outside, and a repetition followed of the scene which was

offered on their arrival. On hearing this wild enthusiasm, one mold not help remembering that not fifty yat-ds from the theatre is the (lass Crepi, on the balcony of which Charles Albert and Victor Emmanuel were standing after the disasters of August 1848, when three shots were fired from the crowd. Such are the strange changes in human affairs."

In the meantime the Emperor of Austria had also addressed his soldiers.

" The army, recollecting its ancient reputation, showed in the battle fought at Magenta against a superior force what heroism and devotion for me and for the country are capable of. "I thank the army in my own name and in the name of the country, and have given orders that the names of those who were the bravest among the

brave Anil be made known to me. FRANCIS JOSEPH I. " Head, quarters, Verona, June 8, 1859."

The Paris correspondent of the Independanee Beige mentions a rumour circulated " with great persistence" in diplomatic:circles, to the effect that the young Russian Prince the Duke of Leuehtenberg, grandson of Eu- gene Beauharnais Vice-Roy of Italy, intends becoming a candidate for the Crown of Lombardy, in the event of the population of that country being called upon to chose their future ruler. This, the writer asserts, is the key to the circular of Prince Gortschakoff, and the political attitude assumed by the Cabinet of St. Petersburg. Vice-Admiral Bouet-Villaumez will take on Wednesday next the com- mand of a subdivision of the French fleet in the Mediterranean, and hoist his pennant on board the dfogador. Under his orders are some fifty gun- boats with which, it is said, he will attempt to ascend sonic of the rivers of the Adriatic, on the Venetian side.

Some interesting passages from the journals may here be appended. "While waiting for the train to start I looked on while the French soldiers were putting the wounded into the vane. The kindness and atten- tion the privates showed the wounded Austrians could not be exceeded; they were as tender in moving them as if they had been the moat ex- penenced hospital nurses. The poor wretches were lying on the ground in

their greatcoats waiting for their turn to be put into the vans, and the French soldiers were going the round of the unfortunates, putting straw under their heads, and giving them all water, for which they were erying. It was a most painful spectacle, and one I can never forget. Some of them screamed as they were lifted off the ground, while others seemed quite re- signed, although not able to speak. They have nearly all bayonet wounds ; in fact, the bayonet plays the principal part now, and I think that military men will come to be of the opinion of Suwarrow, that a musket is only a bayonet at the end of a stick."—Post.

" An order of the day, dated Milan, the 8th, has conferred upon Gari- baldi the golden medal of military valour. A life pension of 500 francs is always granted to those who are deemed worthy of such an honour. Lieu- tenant-Colonel Medici, once a warm adherent of Mazzini, has been also honoured with the knighthood of Savoy. Major Sacchi was made a knight of the same order. A silver medal was likewise granted to poor Captain

Decristoforis, who fell in the action of San Fermo, near Como One of the most touching episodes of Garibaldi's campaign has just come to my knowledge. On the day in which the brilliant action of San Fermo was fought, the company so gallantly led by Captain de Decristoforis was or- dered to assault the Austrian position of Camerlata. The daring band soon rushed up the eloping ground, and when at the top a tremendous hand-to- hand fight begun. A little to the left of Decristofori's company a gallant Cacciaton dello Alpi, Antonio Vigevano, was fighting with an Austrian sol- dier. Garibaldi's man had already overpowered hum, when suddenly he heard his adversary exclaiming, Antonio, do not kill me I am your bro- ther.' And so he was. The poor fellow had been forced into the Austrian service in 1855, and had not seen his family since that period. As the fight was going on he had happily recognized his brother."—.Doily News.

"The Emperor, wishing to reestablish old and glorious traditions, has decided that any regiment which shall take a colour from the enemy shall bear the cross of the Legion of Honour attached below its eagle. Lieute- nant-Colonel Schmitz has arrived in Paris on a mission, charged by the Emperor to deliver to the Empress the flag of the 9th Regiment of Austrian infantry, which was taken at the battle of Magenta."—Ifoniteur.

Of the enthusiastic reception of the allied troops by the citizens of Milan a capital sketch is given by M. Amedee Achard, in the Journal des Debate "How can I describe Milan ? The town really has the fever. The very.- houses are lost under the brilliancy of the silks and carpets which cover- them under the splendour of glowing eyes and waving parasols which fill the balconies. Ah! and then the multitude which like a sea is flowing up and down the Corso, and is rending the air with its songs and hur- rahs. The delirium scorns to have become chronic.

"Every company of rank and file which passes along the streets, every squadron of troopers which is trotting along the road, is giving fresh pretexts for the boundless enthusiasm, which appears to fill the heart of all. The men evidently are downright mad, and to describe the exalta- tion of the women I can really find no words. Their eyes are glowing as if inflamed—could they but kiss all France and Piedmont in one- embrace !

" But I must not forget a rather odd fact, which is that of all the warriors of the Franco-Sardinian army, the quartermasters and the sur- geons are most enthusiastically welcomed by the fair Milanese. You want to know the reason ? Why, you see it is because they wear no epaulets. In the Sardinian army, as you ought to be aware, only the inferior officers have epaulets, and the generals have simply embroideries of silver and gold in their collar. Our surgeons and quartermasters are therefore looked at as the leaders of the French army and showers anises and sunny smiles are unceasingly falling on their devoted heads. Now and then, however, a few other lucky ones share this enormous success. Half-an-hour ago I noticed on outrider of the Emperor being greeted with a real storm of hurrahs from the balcony of a splendid mansion filled with fair forms. Oh, the happy outrider ! And he saluted so conscien- tiously in return.

It is nine o'clock. The Emperor and the King—or rather, as the pro- clamation says, " the King and the Emperor ' —aro just entering the Valentino Gate ; but I must say at once that I fairly refuse to describe the delirium tremens which their arrival occasions. Only one thing I notice, namely, that apparently the greatest enemy of the Milanese, next to the

Kaiser, seems to be the sun. They fly before the sun as if it were an Aus-

trian army. In vain the honourable commanders of the National Guards formed two lines of their newly-created civic troops, through which their

Majesties were to enter the town—the sun was shining on one side of the Corso and the other was in the shade, and the citizens stationed on the sunny side, therefore, at once joined those of the latter, notwithstanding all remonstrances to the contrary ; so the King and the Emperor had the sunny side of the road entirely to themselves. " Of the monetary system of Austria, as found in Milan, M. Amedee Achard gives a most amusing description. There is a plague of Egypt here in Lombardy, the monetary system ; a system so complicated and en-

systematic that I, upon my word, believe the Austrian Minister of Finance does not understand it himself. And what is worse this metallic problem

has become still more entangled for the moment by the appearance of a quantity of greasy old Piedmontese coins, which throw their dark shade into this obscurity. Pity the poor sovereigns and Louis d'or which, when once out of the pocket of the travelling gentleman or Our own correspondent,' are devoured by this shabby host—never to return.

"I have had business with certain of these little monsters, called by courtesy Zwantzigers,' the transaction in which was very original indeed. I was told they are worth eighty centimes (or &I.) when paid away, and a hundred centimes (or 10‘1.) when received. Yalta pieces of money admi- rably adapted, nay born, for commerce. These said Zwantzigers, how- ever, are by no means the worst species of coin here ; not by half so bad, for example, as their ordinary companions, small octangular pieces of blackish metal, with neither head nor tail nor any inscription visible. Their value is entirely an affair of phantasy. They are poked in large quantities into the porte-monnaies of the unfortunate travellers, as a make- belief that thus change is given them for their honest Napoleons and Victories.

" An intelligent Milanese, apparently well informed in political affairs, told me yesterday that the Austrians had left half a million of money in the military chest at the Castello. This seems to have greatly astonished the citizens; but I must confess that I do not in the least share their feelings in this respect. The treasure, it is clear to me, consists entirely of these wondrous little black pieces which popular superstition believes to be coin, but which, as a friend of numismatic tastes confidently assures me, is nothing but tinned iron, derived from old saucepans, tea-kettles, roasting- jacks, and the like. I hesitate, of course, to decide on my own authority so grave a question, but cannot help stating that the prima facie evidence is entirely favourable to my learned friend's assertion. , A letter from Rome says that there has been formed in that town a com- mittee of six noblemen of the highest rank with the intention of opening a

public subscription for presenting two magnificent swords to the two

" Liberators of Italy," the Emperor of the French and the King of Sar- dinia. The subscription has been fixed at two Paulos (about 1l d.) and

during the three days that the lists have been opened, not less than ten thousand persons, it is said, have signed their names, and paid down their subscription.

The Battle of Magenta.—We have now many details of the battle of Magenta, and of the movements that preceded it : a report from the French head- quarters, a report from General Gyulai ; and the letters in the Times written not by a regular correspondent, but by one whom we guess to be a military man, and who writes to friends at home. The French army assembled at Aleasandria, did not not march on Piacenza for the plain reason that it would have had to besiege that strong place and force a passage of the Po in the face of the whole Aus- trian army. Nor did it cross the Po at Valenza, because the Austrians could have concentrated at Mortara. The Emperor, "therefore deceived the Austrians by concentrating his forces on the right, by occupying Casteggio and even Bobbio on the Trebbia." Then, having induced Gyulai to draw his forces to that side, the Emperor ordered his army on the 31st May to cross the Po at Casale, and pass the Sesia to cover a rapid march on Novara. The Sardinians here bore the brunt of the fighting at Palestro, while the bulk of the French filed in their left rear. Protecting his intended movement on Turbigo by 100,000 men he used the reserve, a division of the Imperial guard, to effect a passage of the Ti- cino at Turbigo. No resistance was made by the enemy, and the Guard passed over three bridges on the 2d of June. On the same day the divi- sion of Espinasse was brought up towards the Buffalora bridge, and the Austrians evacuated their tete-de-pont, but failed to blow up the stone bridge. Now, Gyulai states that he knew of the movement on Turbigo, and all he did to oppose it was to send one division, which was attacked and obliged to retreat. Gyulai then ordered the weak force under Count Clam to defend Magenta, and the other corps to advance with all speed. They had to march up from Bereguardo, Pavia, and Piacenza. The French report says- " The 4th of June had been fixed by the Emperor for the definitive occu- pation of the left bank of the Ticino. General M'Mahon's corps d'armee, strengthened by the division of the Voltigeurs of the Imperial Guard, and followed by the whole army of the King of Sardinia, was to advance from Turbigo on Buffalora and Magenta, while the division of the Grenadiers of the Imperial Guard was to carry the tete-de-pont of Buffalora on the left bank, and Marshal Canrobert's corps d'armee was to advance along the right bank to cross at the same point. The execution of this plan was frustrated by one of those incidents which must always be expected in warfare. The army of the Ring was de- layed in crossing the river and only one of his divisions was able to follow the corps of General M'Mahon at a distance. "The advance of Espinasse's division was also delayed, and, on the other hand, when Marshal Canrobert's corps left Novara to join the Emperor, who had proceeded in person to the Bridge at Buffalora, it found the road so encumbered that it only arrived very late on the banks of the Ticino. "So matters stood, and the Emperor awaited, not without anxiety, the signal of the arrival of General M'Mahon's corps at Buffalos, when about 2' o'clock he heard a heavy fusillade and cannonade in that quarter. The General was coming up." The Times correspondent supplies a description of the ground. " Four solid little houses, in which formerly the guards and engineers of the road resided, formed the starting point from the bridge. The road it- self leads in a straight line to the passage over the canal at Ponte di Ma- genta, distant about three kilometres, or about two miles and a small frac- tion, from the bridge. It is an unusually high causeway, in most parts from twenty to thirty feet above the well-irrigated fields, which evidently once formed the swamps of the river, and have been reclaimed by the in- dustry of man. The Canal Naviglo Grande, which has been constructed with a view to fertilize these low lands of the Ticino down to Abbiate Grasso, supplies the waters necessary for the irrigation of the fields, and is conveyed to them by little open conduits of several feet in width, which di- vide the fields, and the borders of which are planted, as usual, with the never-failing willow and poplar tree. At the same point as the road the causeway on which the railway was to run starts from the bridge ; leaving the bridge, this causeway diverges to the right, and runs on in a straight line till about half a mile from the canal, when it suddenly turns to the left and crosses the canal not more than 150 yaris from the road. The canal itself, which starts from the Ticino near Oleggio and Fornavento, is kept along behind the fist rise of the ground from the Lombard side of the Ticino by which means a sufficiently high level is obtained for the irriga- tion of low lands. This first rise of the ground, which evidently marks the boundary of the former bed of the river before it was contracted by the hand of man, is very sudden near the Ponte di Magenta, and corresponds to the elevation of the ground on the other side. All along the line from Buf- falora on the left of the road to Ponte di Magenta and Robecco to the right it has an average height of at least sixty to seventy feet, and is covered with vines trellised in the usual Italian manner from top to bottom in suc- cessive steep terraces. If you look at the map you will find the village of Buffaloes lying to the left of the road about a mile or so, and on passing on to Ponte di Magenta you leave it to your left rear. Both the canal and the heights through which it is cut take at Buffalora a more Easterly direction, and when you arrive by the gradually rising road to the heights you see them in a semicircle to your left, from Buffalora to the high road. To your right they continue straight on to the causeway intended for the railway, and then recede in the direction of Robecco.

"If I am clear enough in my description you must see that this position, where the Austrians were posted, has the effect of a gigantic curtain,' with Buffalora as a bastion to protect it. The road from the bridge to Buffalora to the left, the main road direct to Ponte di Magenta, in the centre, and the railway causeway to the right, form the approaches to the front of this formidable position. About a hundred yards or so in the rear of this posi- tion runs the canal, perhaps thirty feet wide, between steep banks of very little less height than from the low plain up to the top of the heights them- selves. The roads, which gradually ascend to about one-half of the total height from the plain, pass through the rut by a cutting. Both at the main road and the causeway of the railway the earth for raising them above the surrounding plain has been taken from the heights themselves, by which means two large open spaces have been formed on the same level with the causeways themselves. These two open spaces, almost square, resemble two redoubts, of which the edges of the heights form the gigantic parapets. In order to increase the illusion the Austrians, who occupied the top of the heights, and could keep their reserves in the interior, had pro- vided them with banquettes, on which their infantry took position ; the causeway of the railway was barricaded at the point where it passes through the heights, and guns placed so as to sweep the approach. At the entrance of the main road only two guns were placed. The two bridges over the canal, as well as the third at Buffalora, had been mined, to blow them up in case of need. Against this position, then, General Wimpfen advanced with the 3d Regiment of Grenadiers, commanded by Colonel Metman, and a section of the Horse Artillery of the Guard and the Zouaves of the Guard in support. While this column advanced on the main road the 2d Regi- ment of Grenadiers was sent by the road to the left to attack the position of Buffalora in front."

In the meantime M'Mahon had advanced from Turbigo ; and when his guns were heard the column which crossed at Buffalora advanced. Leav- ing the causeway they entered the fields, and were ordered to carry the height in their front.

" When at a little distance from the height, which by the intersection of the causeway of the railway forms an angle here, the order was given to charge with the bayonet, and the Grenadiers, throwing down their knap- sacks, climbed up the steep height, and the next moment they were on the top and behind the barricade. The first Grenadier who reached the top raised up his bearskin, and a hurrah of Vive rEmpereur ! ' was the answer from his comrades, who followed close upon his steps and had in a moment possession of the place. The enemy was flying across the iron bridge which leads over the canal, and the Grenadiers so close after him that the man who was to have put the match to the mine under the bridge was bayo- neted. While some threw water on the powder in the chamber of the mine the others rushed forward to secure the archway through which the railway comes out on the heights on the other aide. As soon as this was done two battalions were sent, one to the right, the other to the left to protect the flanks, while the third kept within the position gained. This success forced the enemy likewise to abandon the heights in front of the high road, against which the Zouaves advanced. He had no time to blow up the bridge, and withdrew to a cluster of houses beyond it, where formerly the Austrian cus- tomhouse and police-office were, and occupied the vineyards which skirt both roads from that point. The vines have been cleverly entwined, and thus a splendid shelter formed for the riflemen, while the roads themselves were swept by his artillery which had taken position further behind towards 'Magenta. The position was highly critical ; the two regiments had, indeed, a position almost as strong as the Austrians had held before, but they were without any support, and the enemy began to show masses of troops from all sides. Columns from Robecco advanced and tried to take the position in its left flank and rear, where likewise some artillery was placed to mow down the continually thinning ranks of the Grenadiers. In front greater and greater masses began to show themselves, while to the left a hail of bullets fired from the cluster of houses made the position in that direction more and more difficult. To get rid at any rate of this annoyance the Zouaves were ordered to take the houses, three companies being sent to the support of the Grenadiers and to take the houses in rear ; the rest advanced at the point of the bayonet, drove out the defenders, and not only established themselves in the houses, but cleared the ground in front, and penetrated to a farmhouse which lies a little to the right front of the position." The enemy now took the offensive and tried to dislodge the Guard, but they were too well protected and too resolute, and so the enemy failed. But the French suffered severely. About two o'clock, just as Gyulai sent three brigades to assail them in flank, a division and a brigade ar- rived, and the Austrians were driven back to Robecco. The flank attack had not succeeded. New bodies of French came up, Vinoy's, Trochu's, Renault's divisions; and not only secured the position but cooperated with the attack of M`Mahon now beginning to tell. All this time Gyulai had been only able to bring to the assistance of Count Clam, who had about 30,000 men in hand, one division. It was his wish to keep his soldiers " intact " for operations on the 5th.

The French report thus describes M'Mahon's advance- " The General's corps, retarded in its advance, and less numerous than it should have been, had advanced in two columns on Magenta and Buffalora.

"The enemy having attempted to cut in between these two columns, General M'Mahon ordered his right column to fall back on his left towards Magenta, and this explains the cessation in the firing at the commence- ment of the action on the Buffalora side.

"In fact, the Austrians, finding themselves hard pressed on their centre and left, had evacuated the village of Buffalora, and had brought the greater portion of their forces to bear against General M'Mahon before Magenta.

The Austrians changed their front. Abandoning Buffalora turned by 'Mahon, they took an oblique line, the right being at Carbetto, the centre at Magenta, and the left arRobecco. In this position the centre was op- posed to the bulk of the French army, and the wings were refused.] The 45th of the Line boldly attacked the farm of Carina Nueva on the out- skirts of the village, and which was defended by two Hungarian regiments. Fifteen hundred men of the enemy laid down their arms, and the colours were taken away from the Colonel's body. However, Motterouge's Division fbund itself hard pressed by considerable forces, which threatened to separate it from Espinasse's Division. General M'Mahon had placed in second line the 13 battalions of the Voltigeurs of the Guard under the command of the brave General Camou, who, advancing to the front, sustained the shock of the enemy, and gave time to Motterouge's and Espinasse's Divisions vigo- rously to resume the offensive. "At this moment of general attack, General Auger, commanding the ar- tillery of the Second Corps, opened fire with 40 guns on the railway chaus- see, which taking the Austrians in flank and crossways made fearful havoc. " At Magenta the combat was terrible. The enemy defended the vil- lage most obstinately. Both sides felt that it was the key of the position. Our troops took it house by house, causing immense loss to the Austrians. More than 10,000 men were put hors de combat, and General M'Mahon took about 5000 prisoners, including one whole regiment, the 2d Chasseurs pied, commanded by Colonel Hauser. But the General's corps suffered con- siderably ; 1500 men were either killed or wounded. In the attack on the village General Espinasse and his officier d'ordonnance, Lieutenant Froide- fond, were both killed. While leading on their men, Colonel Droughot, of the 65th of the Line, and Colonel ChabriZne, of the 2d, fell mortally wounded.

" On the other side Vinoy's and Renault's Divisions were doing prodi- gies of valour, under the orders of Marshal Canrobert and General Niel. Vinoy's Division, which had left Novara in the morning, had scarcely reached Trerate, where it proposed to bivouack, when it was sent for by the Emperor. It advanced at quick step as far as the bridge of Magenta. driving the enemy from the positions they occupied, taking above 1000 prisoners; but engaged with superior forces, it suffered heavy loss,—eleven officers were killed and fifty wounded ; 650 non-commissioned officers and men were placed hors do combat. The 85th of the Line suffered most Colonel Delort fell at the head of his men, and all the officers were wounded. General Martimprey received a bullet wound while leading on his brigade. " Marshal Canrobert's troops also suffered considerably. Colonel de Ben- neville, the Chief of his Staff, was killed at his side ; Colonel Charlier, of the 90th, fell mortally wounded by five bullets, and many officers of Re- nault's division were placed hors de combat, while the village and bridge of Magenta were taken and retaken seven times. " Finally, about half-past eight at night, the French army remained '

masters of the field of battle, and the enemy withdrew, leaving in our hands four guns, one of which was taken by the Grenadiers of the Guards, two flags, and 7000 prisoners. The number of Austrians placed hors de combat may be estimated at 20000; 12,000 muskets, and 30,000 sacs (knapsacks ?) were found on the battle-field."

General Gyulai estimates his own loss at from 4000 to 5000, killed and wounded, and says nothing about the "missing." He thought the Allies were shaken. He makes these confessions.

"As we have prisoners belonging to nearly all the regiments of the French army, it must be concluded that all the enemy's reserves were brought into action. On our side the 5th and 8th Corps, and a division of the 3d Corps, were not engaged, and, being fresh troops, could have turned the scale in our favour. All this I had taken into consideration, and only waited for an account of the exact positions of the troops and their losses in order to make arrangements for renewing the attack. " I now learn that the troops of the 1st and 2d Corps d'Armee, which had suffered most from the first attacks of the enemy, had already moved to the rear, and could not again be brought to the field of battle unless they made a fatiguing march during the night. The troops in question continued their march at three o'clock in the morning, so that they must have reached their destination by the time at which I should have been prepared to send them to the front again. Under such circumstances, it was necessary to Make a retreat ; and it was my aim to keep the corps which were still ready for action intact, in order that they might protect the others. " Accordingly, at five in the morning the gallant regiment Grand Duke of Reese once more stormed Ponta di Magenta, in order to facilitate the retrograde movement. It was the last effort of a brave regiment—says Lieutenant-General Prince Sehwarzenberg in his report—which on the pre- ceding day had had twenty-five officers wounded, and one staff officer and nine captains killed, without once hesitating to attack, and without displaying irresolution when repulsed.

" The enemy having been driven back to Magenta, an orderly retreat was made. I believe I can confidently conclude that the enemy, in spite of his superiority, paid a high price for the possession of Magenta' and that he will do your Majesty's army the justice to acknowledge that it did not yield to a brave and numerically superior force until after an heroic contest. '

No troops could have fought better than the Austrian troops ' • and no troops were ever worse commanded. The French report says that " on the morning of the 4th they were opposite the Emperor 125,000 strong, and it was against such a disproportionate force that the division of the Grenadiers of the Guard, with whom was the Emperor, had to compete." This is altogether erroneous. Had it been so the manceuvre would have failed, though the battle might have been won, as the allies had con- centrated 180,000 men on the left right flank of the enemy. The Aus- trians had at first engaged about 30,000 men • later in the day these were augmented by about 30,000 more. Gyulai, as we have seen, kept two corps and one division of fresh troops out of the fight ; and the next morning instead of employing fresh troops to cover his retreat, he uses a shattered but gallant brigade.. General Blapka has issued a stirring address to the Hungarian sol- diers in the Austrian army, reminding them of 1849, and calling upon them to desert their colours.

The Austrians admit that their flight from Milan was precipitate, and they left stores, muskets, and money behind.

Galignani supplies the following particulars of the military career of General M'Mahon, one of the new Marshals of France—" Count de Af`Mithon (Marie-Patrice-Maurice) was born about 1807, at the chateau of Sully, in the arrondissement of Autun. He is descended from an Irish family, which, after living with distinction for many centuries in Ireland, risked all for the last of the Stuart Kings. The McMahons, carrying their national traditions and historic name to France, mingled their blood by marriage with the old nobility of their adopted country, and obtained with the hand of an heiress the magnificent castle and extensive estates of Sully. The present General's father, the Count de M‘Mahon, who was an officer of high rank, a Peer of France, a Grand Cross of the Order of St. Louis, and a personal friend of Charles X., espoused a lady of the ducal house of Caraman, and left four sons and four daughters. Of that numerous family, the youngest is the hero of Malakoff and of Magenta. He wasedueatedpartly at his faithee.s, and partly at the seminary for young men destined for the priesthood, in that city. He afterwards entered the military school at St. Cyr, on leaving which, in 1825, he entered the French military. services and in 1830 joined the army of Algeria, where he soon distinguished himself alike by his gallantry and his intelligence. After the combat of the Col de Terchia, in which he was aide-de-camp to General Achard, the latter said to WI- ' Can you carry to Colonel Rullieres at Blida, the order to change his march ? As the mission is dangeroui I will give you a squadron of light dragoons as an escort.' The young o cer refused the escort, declaring. that it was either too little or too much, and preferred going alone. On arriving at about half-a-mile from Blidah, he saw groups of the enemy's horsemen on each side, as well as behind him ; but he went firmly on, knowing that a deep precipice, called the ravine of Blidah, was a little way in front of him. He there drove his horse, a high-blooded animal, at the tremendous chasm, and the animal, without hesitation, sprang into mid-air. The rider held his seat immovably and escaped unhurt, but was obliged to abandon his charger, which had its fore legs broken. Not one of the Arabs ventured to take the desperate leap, and the young officer reached Blidah in safety. He rose rapidly through the different grades, and attained that of General of Brigade in 1848. For a time he occupied the position of Governor of the Province of Oran, and afterwards of Constantin, and in 1852 became General of Division. In 1855, when General Canrobert left the Crimea, General M'Mahon was selected by the Emperor to succeed him in the com- mand of a division, and when the chiefs of the allied armies resolved on assaulting Sebastopol, he had assigned to him the honourable and perilous post of carrying the works of the Malakoff. The manner in which he per- formed that duty is too fresh in the memory of our readers to need mention, and his able conduct at the Battle of Magenta has now raised him to the highest rank in the army. The Marshal married in 1854 Mademoiselle Elizabeth des Castries, daughter of the Maquis de Castries, and has by her a son born in 1855."