airtistellantous.

The following letter appears in the Times; having been addressed to the editor- " Sir—The Morning Chronicle and other newspapers in the service and pay f the late Government have been endeavouring to prove the cruelty and lack of honour on the part of the Government, and also of the British troops, ham- pered in Afghanistan, in not advancing (without means of transport) to the rescue of our unhappy countrymen and ladies now in the hands of Akbar Khan and the other Afghan Birders. "It will, perhaps, be as well to state, on the very best authority, that on the first advance of the British army into Afghanistan, the most peremptory orders were issued by the late Commander-in-Chief, forbidding ladies, or women of any description, tojoin the troops in active service in the field. As long as the Commander-in-Chief, General Sir Henry Fane, was with the army, this order was probably obeyed; but long before he quitted India,

ladies and multitudes of women hastened to Cabal and other places then is our possession, released from all military obligations by civil authority. " They are all prisoners; and it will be seen that these very unfortunates will be the means of further disgrace and dishonour to the British arms. "It will be the women that would alone prevent any advance on our part, (even supposing that our troops were perfectly equipped for a forward move- ment on Cabul.)

" Akbar Khan, at the first intimation of a move on his capital, will send in such a message as this—' Move at your peril. I have hitherto treated your ladies and prisoners kindly, but the first move towards Cabul I shall consider myself released from all obligations towards them and you.' "I believe such a message (and such a one will most assuredly be sent) would even puzzle the writer of the Indian articles in the Morning Chronicle.

"Let the writer only inquire what treatment Christian ladies and women might undergo in the hands of furious and bigoted Mahometans: if he did, he would learn that which might in common charity (leaving the defence of Whig policy aside) deter him from urging measures which would only lead to outrages upon our unhappy women a hundred times worse than death itsel£ "HENRY FARE, Lieutenant-Colonel, Aide-de-Camp to the late Commander-in-Chief in India. "Dublin, September 23d."

The illness of the Marquis of Wellesley proved fatal : he did on Monday morning, at his ordinary residence, Kingston House, Brompton. For some days the event had been expected. His brother the Duke of Wellington was immediately summoned from Windsor Castle, where he had been on a visit to the Queen ; and he at once proceeded- to Apsley House, and thence to Walmer Castle, where another brother, the Earl of Maryborough, is staying. The following account of the deceased statesman is abridged from a memoir in the Times—

Richard Colley Wellesley, first (and last) Marquis Wellesley, was the eldest child of Garrett first Earl of Mornington, and of Anne Countess of Morning- ton, who was daughter of Arthur first Viscount Dungannon. The noble Mar- quis was born at the town residence of the family, in Grafton Street, Dublin, on the 20th of June 1760; he was therefore in the 83d year of his age. He was placed at an early age at Eton College, and in doe time was transferred to the University of Oxford ; in both of which places be distinguished himself.

His studies at the University being concluded, Viscount Wellesley returned to his native country, but bad the misfortune to lose his father before he at- tained his majority. His first act on coming of age was to assume the nu- merous pecuniary obligations of his father, and to place his estates under the prudent and upright management of his mother : it is, however, to be re- gretted, that though the first Earl's debts were paid, his son was not able eventu- ally to preserve the family estates. Like Pitt, Fox, Burke, Canning, and other distinguished statesmen, and like most men of genius, he proved an unsuccess- ful manager of pecuniary affairs.

On attaining his majority, the young Earl of Mornington took his seat in the Irish House of Peers; of which body he of course continued to be a member for the nineteen years which preceded the Union. There is no reason, however, to suppose that be was a frequent speaker in that assembly. The most remarkable proceeding in which he took any part as an Irish Peer was the Regency question, in 1789. It will be recollected that the British Houses of Parliament, on the illness of George the Third, proposed that the Prince of Wales should assume the Royal authority subject to certain restrictions, while the Irish Legislature proposed that his powers should be unrestricted. The Earl of Mornington was a strenuous supporter of the views taken in this country of the Regency question ; and when, in 1784, he was returned to the British House of Commons as Member for Beeralston, [still, however, retain- ing his seat in the Irish House of Peers,] his opinions on that point, with his ability, attracted the favourable notice of the King. At the next general election he was returned for the King's borough of Windsor, sworn in a member of the Irish Privy Council, and elected one of the Knights of St. Patrick ; which latter distinction, however, he resigned in 1810, on being elected a Knight of the Garter. Lord Mornington, soon after his entrance into the House of Commons, was appointed a Lord of the Treasury, and in 1793 sworn in a member of the British Privy Council. His Lordship made rapid progress in the favour of the King and the confidence of the Minister.

In the year 1797, he succeeded Lord Cornwallis in the Government of India; having been at the same time raised to the British Peerage by the title of Baron Wellesley, in right of which he continued to sit in the House of Lords. The Marquisate which he subsequently received was in the Irish Peerage; but as a British Peer he never attained to a higher rank than that of Baron. In the month of May, the Marquis, accompanied by his illustrious brother Colonel Wellesley, afterwards Duke of Wellington, arrived in the mouth of the Ganges. The moment was critical ; symptoms of rising commotion had become appa- rent. Bonaparte had accomplished the conquest of Egypt, and was supposed to meditate an attack upon our Indian possessions. The spirit of Tippoo Ssib, Sovereign of the Mysore, rankled under his losses; and emissaries from the French Government encouraged him in his secret plans for the recovery of the district of Coimbatore and the hill fortresses which he had been compelled to surrender. The first step taken by Lord Mornington was to secure and fortify the island of Perim, which commands the entrance to the Straits of Babel- mandel; the next was to negotiate with Tippoo for the purpose of inducing him to abstain from intercourse with the French. The Sultan, however, en- tertained a strong conviction that his true interests would be promoted by an alliance with the Directory of France. This being evident to the Governor* General, he determined to strike an immediate blow ; and the army, under General (afterwards Lord) Harris, was ordered to invest Seringapatam. The siege lasted a month : the town was taken by assault ; the Sultan slain, and his dominions partitioned. The Governor-General was immediately raised a step in the Irish Peerage, when he received the title of Marquis Wellesley. It need hardly be stated that these memorable results could never have been accomplished if prodigious exertions had not been made by the Indian Govern- ment in organizing native and improving British troops. The capture of Seringapatam, which had been preceded by the victory achieved at Mallavelly, added at once to the renown of the army and the anxieties of the Governor-General. After some deliberation, he determined upon re- storing the ancient Ilindoo race of Sovereigns; the representative of whom was then a child of five years old. A partition of the territory being made, the capital, with the districts on the coast, including the port of Mangalore, was assigned to the East India Company. Compensation was made to some native allies ; and the remaining portion of Tippoo's territory Was granted to the native Rajah, with nominal sovereignty over the whole.. So complete was this series of victories, that General Wellesley (Duke of Welling- ton) in one of his despatches written at that period, and recently published by Colonel Gurwood, says that he "only waits to know what countries they are which the Governor-General wishes to take possession of"; as if all Asia had quailed under his triumphant dominion. In his efforts to extend the com- mercial intercourse between India and Europe, he was opposed by the jealousy of the East India Company, and was but partially successfuL He made a Vice- regal progress, however, among the native princes, of a most magnificent kind, redressing grievances and forming alliances. In 1801, he sent a considerable force up the Red Sea, to aid in wresting Egypt from Napoleon. Subsequently, brilliant successes against the Mahrattas, General Wellesley's splendid victory

at Assaye, and the battle of Lassawarree, signalized his administration. In consequence of his financial plans, the revenue of the Company had been raised from seven millions to upwards of fifteen millions annually. In the year 1805, he was, at his own request, recalled from the Government of India; and, as might be expected, every thing was done in this country by the East India Company and by the Ministers of the Crown to mark the deep sense which they entertained of his splendid services. Nevertheless, there were those who thought that his administration had been enormously expen- sive, not to say extravagant, and that he was guilty of great injustice to the native powers, particularly to the Nabob of Oude. A Member of the House of Commons, Mr. Paull, presented articles of impeachment against him; but they were soon withdrawn, and a vote was obtained in his favour. Though he supported the war against Napoleon, the Marquis proved by no means a strenuous partisan of the Administration of the day ; and about this time his leaning to Liberal principles was evinced. In 1809, he was appointed Ambassador to Spain ; but dissensions in the British Cabinet speedily called him home. On the death of the Duke of Portland, the Perceval Government was formed; and the Marquis Wellesley, after considerable negotiation, was prevailed upon to accept the office of Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs. This be held from the month of December 1809 till January 1812; but, differ- ing from his colleagues on the Roman Catholic claims, and on other material points, he withdrew from the Government. On the death of Mr. Perceval, he was requested to form an Administration; but he did not succeed ; and Lord Liverpool was the head of the new Government. Shortly after its formation, Mr. Canning carried in the House of Commons a motion favourable to Roman Catholic claims : a similar motion was made in the Upper House by the Mar- quis Wellesley on the 1st of July, which was lost by a majority of one, and that one a proxy. His Lordship then remained in opposition for about ten years. In the earlier part of that time, the position of his brother in the Peninsula, feebly supported either by the Spanish Government or from home,. formed a principal topic with the Marquis. In 1815, he condemned in unqua- lified terms the neglect shown to commercial interests in the treaties for con- solidating the peace of Europe ; and the suspension of the Habeas Corpus Act and other stringent measures, called forth by the disturbances at home on the cessation of war prices found in him a strenuous opponent. In 1822, Lord Wellesley once more came into power, as Lord-Lieutenant of Ireland ; Sir Robert Peel being the Home Secretary. His appointment en- raged the Orange party, and gave disproportionate hopes to the Roman Ca- tholics; and his government of Ireland commenced with disturbances, insur- rections, and conflagrations, in the Southern counties, which almost reached the suburbs of the capital; and these were followed by the operation of the Insur- rection Act and other coercive measures. There never was a period of his life in which Lord Wellesley had greater difficulties to overcome than while go- verning his native country. The illness and consequent retirement of Lord Liverpool did not alter his position ; which he retained under Mr. Canning and Lord Goderich, neither of them adverse to the Catholic claims; but on the Duke of Wellington's accession to office be retired.

When Lord Grey came into power, the Marquis became a second time Lord- Lieutenant of Ireland, having previously for a short period filled the office of Lord-Steward. Daring the Administration of Sir Robert Peel, 1834-5, Lord Wellesley was of coarse out of office; but on the formation of the second Mel- bourne Ministry, in April 1835, he accepted the appointment of Lord-Cham- berlain. His Lordship, however, resigned it in the course of the same year ; and never afterwards filled any public employment. He had at that period at- tained the very advanced age of seventy-seven. His health began to decline : with the exception of his brothers, the friends of his early years had withdrawn

into retirement or sunk into the grave; and " the venerable statesman, (says the Times,) who bad devoted half a century to the service of three successive

Sovereigns—who had lived to see the wisdom of his Indian Government grate- fully acknowledged, not only by his early contemporaries, but confirmed by subsequent events, and ratified by a succeeding generation—thought the time had at length arrived for that season of repose which it is so desirable should intervene between the cessation of active pursuits and the close of human ex- istence."

Lord Wellesley is known as a political writer. He is the author of Sub- stance of a Speech in the House of Commons on the Address, 1794; Notes relative to the Peace concluded with the .1Ifahrattas, in which he has given a succinct history of Indian affairs; Letters to the Government of Fort St. George relative to the new Form of Government established there ; Letters to the Directors of the East Indian Company on the India Trade, &e. As his policy led him to lay great stress on the influence of the public press, he is believed to be author of many other publications of a temporary politica character. A collection of his despatches has also been recently published.

The Marquis was married on the 1st of November 1794, to Hyacinthe Gabrielle Roland, only daughter of Monsieur Pierre Roland. They had had several children, but separated very soon after marriage, without any further issue; and were not afterwards reconciled. Her Ladyship died in 1816. Lord Wellesley, on the 29th of October 1825, a second time contracted matrimony, being then at the advanced age of sixty-five : he was married to Marianne, daughter of Mr. Richard Caton, and widow of Mr. Robert Patterson. The present Marchioness, who has had no family by the Marquis, is a Lady of the 13edchamber to the Queen Dowager. With the Marquis all those titles which were conferred on himself become extinct; but the Earldom of Mornington, the Viscounty of Wellesley, and the Barony of Mornington in the Peerage of Ireland, descend to his next brother, Lord Maryborough; who is in his seventy-ninth year, and whose heir is the well-known Mr. William Pole Tylney Long Wellesley. By the death of the Marquis a stall in the Order of the Garter falls to the patronage of Ministers, and the office of Custos Rotulorum of the county of Meath also becomes vacant. The Marquis was a Knight of the Turkish Order of the Crescent, and of the Persian Order of the Lion and Sun.

The Marquis's indifferent management of his private affairs has already been mentioned. On the 2d of November 1837, the East India Company came to a resolution to the effect that they had reason to believe that the Marquis Wellesley was involved in pecuniary difficulties, and that therefore they deemed it to be their duty to offer to him some further acknowledgment of his distinguished services. The resolution proceeded to state, that on the fall of Seringapatam, the sum of 100,000/. ITU set apart for the Marquis Wellesley--a grant which on his suggestion was abandoned to the army. It was afterwards determined to vote to him an annuity of 5,000/., which had ever since been paid; but the Court of Proprietors believed that the noble Marquis derived very little benefit from the grant • ' and, under these circum- stances, it was resolved that the sum of 20,0001. be placed in the hands of the Chairman, the Deputy-Chairman, and two other persons, as trustees, to be applied for the use and benefit of the Marquis Wellesley in such manner as they may think fit. This grant was accepted ; and acknowledgeelty his Lord- ship in a letter addressed to the Chairman. The Marquis enjoyed a pension of 2,693/. as Chief Remembmncer of the Exchequer in Ireland.

He was politically opposed to his brother the Duke of Wellington ; but that circumstance did not interrupt their brotherly friendship, and the Duke Was a frequent visiter at Kingston House. The Queen and Prince Albert have sent a message of condolence, and the Queen Dowager a letter, to the Marchioness of Wellesley.

Sir Michael O'Loghlen, the Master of the Rolls for Ireland, died on

Wednesday evening, in George Street, Hanover Square. He was born in 1789, and married in 1817. He gave very early proof of the great ability and earnestness which distinguished his political life. At school in Clare, when be was but eleven years old, the master detected him " hiding " in the school-room in order to stay and read, when the boys were daily sent out to play. In 1812, he was called to the bar ; and his sterling abilities enabled him to make such way against the disad- vantage of being a Roman Catholic, that in a few years, says a writer in the Morning Chronicle, he was "with O'Connell and Holmes, the stuff-gown lawyer whose practice exceeded by four-fifths the majority of those whose religion and politics qualified them to hold the dignity of 'a King's Counsel." On the accession of the Whigs to power, O'Loghlen's preeminent qualifications were acknowledged, and he became successively Sergeant, Solicitor-General, Attorney-General, Baron of the Exchequer, and Master of the Rolls. As Attorney-Gene- ral, he carried out what Mr. Perrin had begun in discontinuing the practice of packing juries. As a Judge, he obtained the warm approval of all parties. Sir Michael had come to London for medical advice. He leaves a numerous The Earl of Wilton, Lord Charles Wellesley, Sir William Young, and several persons attached to the British Court, embarked at Woolwich on Sunday for Hamburg, on their way to invest the King of Saxony with the Order of the Garter.

Sir Robert and Lady Peel, with their family, left Whitehall Gardens on Tuesday, for Drayton Manor, to receive a numerous circle of waiters.

The Chancellor of the Exchequer went to the Isle of Wight on Tuesday ; and Sir James Graham joined him there.

Nearly four thousand pounds have been already subscribed for the monument to the memory of the late Thomas William Coke, Earl of Leicester. Prominent among the subscribers is Lord Wodehouse, the Lord-Lieutenant of Norfolk, for fifty pounds, who had all through life been opposed to the deceased Peer in politics.---Morning Chronicle.

The Globe announces, for the gratification of Lord Sydenham's numerous admirers, that a bust of that statesman has been placed in a niche at the Reform Club, opposite to the portrait of Lord Holland.

When Mr. Conyers talked last week of there being "two Ps, Provi- dence and Peel," he did but humbly imitate the poet Crowne's idolatrous address to Charles the Second- " You, Sir, such blessings to the world dispense, We scarce perceive the use of Providence."

But the sally was better suited to the days of the "Merry Monarch," and better put. Some distant papers state that as her Majesty was passing Fern Islands, on her return from Scotland, she was told that Grace Darling was dead. We feel that we can take upon ourselves to contradict the report. Some weeks ago it was announced she was unwell, but there is not the slightest account of her being in a worse state.— Tyne Mercury.

This is the authoritative announcement of the form of prayer in thanksgiving for the harvest- " The following is the prayer of thanksgiving to Almighty God for the great blessing which, in His mercy and goodness, He bath vouchsafed to this nation in the late abundant harvest ; to be used at morning and evening service after the General Thanksgiving, in all churches and chapels in England and Wales, and in the town of Berwick-on-Tweed, on Sunday 2d of October next, as ordered by her Majesty in Council- " 0 God, through whose good Providence the earth yieldeth food for the sustenance of man, we offer unto Thee our hearty thanksgivings for Thy late mercy vouchsafed to us iu blessing the labours of our hushandmen with plentiful increase, and preserving the fruits of the fled for our use. Give us grace, we humbly beseech Thee, that whilst we receive Thy bounty with thankfulness, we may regard the blessing bestowed on us as a call to repentance. and turn from the evil of oir ways. Remove from among us all causes of strife and contention ; put an end to our unhappy divisions; and grant that all conditions of men, impressed with the fear of Thy judgments. and trusting in Thy fatherly care, may faithfully serve Thee, in loyalty to their Sovereign. in obe- dience to the laws, in It bully affection one to another, and in dutiful resignation to Thy will; that so, under the guidance of Thy Holy Spirit, we may lass through-this world in peace and contentment, and filially by Thy mercy Maui everlasting life, through Jesus Christ our Lord. Amen."

The Standard has announced the Reverend Dr. Turtin, Dean of Peterborough, and Regius Professor of Divinity in the University of Cambridge, as the new Dean of Westminster. The Times supplies some iuformation respecting the emoluments of the office- " The existing revenues of the Deanery are somewhere about 3,000/. per annum ; which will, under the Cathedral Acts, be reduced to 2,000/. in the &g- lowing manner : either a fixed annual sum, or a proportion of his whole income,. as remains to be determined by the Ecclesiastical Comini,sioners and the Queen in Council, will be payable by the Dean, its amount being assessed upon the hest calculation that can be made of the actual existing income. A similar course will be pursued with respect to future Canons, so as to leave to them an average annual income of 1,000/. each, in reduction of what they now receive, which is somewhere about 1,200/. Besides this contribution, one object of which is to augment the incomes of ill-endowed Deans and Canons, there will be payable to the Commissionersfor the Augmentation of Poor Livings, but not, as erroneously stated, towards building churches, the proceeds of as many Canonries as may fromtime to time be suspended, in the order fixed by the Act, until the Canons are reduced from their original number of twelve to six. The whole Chapter property still remains under the independent management of the Dean and Chapter, subject to the foregoing charges. The Dean is, es

a member of the corporation of the Ecclesiastical Commissioners for England."

The Tariff is working with respect to the import of cattle in a way that has produced a new panic among cattleholders, though it does not appear to be so definite in its influence as the panic during the session of Paaiiament. All parts of the country show increasing importation and decreasing prices. The following are instances, taken here and there— The General Steam Navigation Company's mail-packet Caledonia arrived off the Tower at six yesterday morning, from Hamburg, with the mail of Fri- day. This vessel brought over, for the London markets, eighty sheep and a number of oxen, which all arrived in good condition, the vessel making the pas- sage in forty-seven hours.—Globe, Sept. 27. The imports of Hull during the past week have been, 96 oxen, 10 cows, 5 calves, 56 sheep and 8 pigs; namely, from Rotterdam, by the Emerald Isle, cows, 5 calves, 56 'beep; from Hamburg, by the Manchester, 18 oxen, 4 cows, and 8 pigs; by the Transit, 41 oxen ; and by the Tiger, 36 oxen. The last- named cargo were all very large and fine animals.—Hull R.ockerighavs.

The Tariff is working. We have in Birmingham American hams, equal in

every respect to the best English, at 51d. per pound, and excellent pork at 4d. The prices of fresh meat cannot long stand under such a competition. In the South of Scotland we see the best beef, which not very long ago was Ea, has fallen to 51d.; and mutton and Iamb to 4d. and 5d.—Birmingham Journal. Within a few days a grocer of this town has received a cargo of salted beef and pork, which has been selling at 31d. per pound, owing to the reduction of the duty on these articles, which takes place on the 10th of next month. The news of this arrival quickly spread through the town, and the shop has literally been beset with customers. Upwards of 2,000 pounds have been sold during the present week.— Ipswich Express. There was more interest excited by and a greater attendance of bidders for this ithe Navy] contract, than was known for many years. The attendance

of bidders was very numerous, including—from Dublin, Messrs. Sherlock,

CoateHoe, and Wood ; from Limerick, Messrs. Russell, WI) mnell, and Dun- bar ; from Cork, Messrs. Gould, Connell, Burke, and Morgan ; and Edwards, of Plymouth. The biddings for the pork went from 5/. lls. to 5/ 15s. For beef the biddings were from 5/. 16s. to 5/. 19s. Three hours elapsed between the putting in of the tenders and the declaration of the bidders.—Cork Reporter. The harvest fairs now in progress are still exhibiting the effects of the Tariff opon the prices of agricultural stock. At Ballyshannon, fur instance, most of the cattle brought for sale were driven home unsold. There was scarcely a purchase made by graziers, who are afraid to speculate in store cattle, notwith- standing the abundance of green feeding and after-grass. The graziers are waiting to see Low the Tariff will work after the Introduction of salt provisions Oh the 10th October—Dublin arresponclent of the Morning Chronicle. There was a fine show of cattle of every description, [at the great fair of Balls, on Saturday last] but scarcely any demand. Very little business was done in consequence, and in any sales effected the prices were low. Cattle which last year would not be bought at less than 12/. 10s. or 13/. each, at this fair would bring no more than 101. One gentleman was glad to get for a lot of heifers the same price as he gave for them nearly twelve months before, and others sold at ruinously low prices rather than keep their cattle any longer, even until Ballinasloe fair, fearing that there might be a greater fa'l still. Some top lots of wethers sold at 30s. ; the same price was got for sheep of a much inferior description at Keelogues a short time before. Many fine lots of horned cattle and sheep were driven home without the owners having been asked a word

about them. Pigs and horses were alsa low, and in bad demand. The worst

of it is, that the graziers and farmers bought the most of the cattle now offered for sale when prices were nearly one-fourth higher than at present. This is what causes them to be at such a loss. When prices come to their level, so

that persons can buy low as well as be obliged to sell low, there will not be so much cause of complaint. What that level is likely to be, it would be difficult

to say. If it depend upon the operation of the Tariff, it cannot be seen for some time. It is thought that the disease prevalent among cattle has kept purchasers back ; by others the bad demand, and consequent reduction in price, is attributed to the Tariff, to the belief that there will be large importa- tions of foreign cattle, which can be sold much under home prices.—Mayo Con- stitutional.

The Standard of last night publishes an official return of the lire stock im. ported into the ports of London and Hull, up to the 27th September; from which we learn that the totals were—cattle and calves, 993; sheep and lambs, 203; swine, 90.

Monthly returns of the importation of wheat and flour, in the Mark Zane Express, give the total for the eight months ending September 5th, 2,597,176 quarters wheat, and 1,002,580 hundredweight flour ; whereof 2,095,345 wheat and 498,103 floor were imported in the last one of the eight months. The old stocks are very small throughout Europe ; but it is thought that our own abundant harvest will render us independent of foreign supply ; and prices are expected ultimately to settle down below their present level.

' An inquiry, conducted by Mr. George Robert Dawson, and Mr. Dowding and Mr. Weston, Surveyors-General, has for some weeks pro- ceeded at the Customhouse, into alleged frauds by officers of the depart- ment, in concert with some trading firms ; and the morning papers con- tain the communication of a correspondent, with some explanation of the affair, and the promise of more. The writer says,—" The enor- mous frauds now in daily progress of investigation are not, in the ag- gregate, confined to tens of thousands, but to hundreds of thousands of pounds. Indeed it is said in some quarters that the revenue has suffered to the extent of nearly a million sterling." He adds, that the names of the firms implicated are in his possession. Mr. James Hastings, an officer in the Customs, has been dismissed ; Mr. William Burnby, Mr. R. Homersham, Mr. J. E. Foote, Mr. Lang, Mr. Poole, and Mr. Rolls, have been suspended; but there is no doubt that some of them will be reinstated. The explanation begins with an account of the duties of the landing-waiters and the searchers ; the office of the searcher some- times being performed jointly with that of landing-waiter-

" The principal business of these functionaries (the landing-waiters) is per- sonally to attend the landing of goods at the docks or legal quays. For this purpose he is furnished with a landing-book, denominated under its respective class, 'red' or 'blue,' the issue of which is from the Registrar's office, and which contains copies of entries previously passed by importers for merchandise about to be warehoused, or at once delivered. These entries are of three classes—lst, The warehousing entry for goods intended to remain in bond ; 2d, The prime entry, which stipulates tor the immediate delivery of the goods, the duty having been paid ; 3d, The sight entry, the object of .which is to assist the merchant in cases where goods arrive consigned to him without previous advice ; when he is permitted to have the pack- ages landed, upon declaring that their contents are unknown. It may be here necessary, with the view to carry the case out in all its bearings, just to observe on the opportunity these two latter descriptions of entry afford to these officers, if they arc not persons of strict and unimpeachable integrity, to deceive and falsify the returns, which, as employes of the Customs, they are appointed to make, of the weight of and duty an merchandise landed at their respective stations ; the inteiference of the landing-surveyor (their superior) being only required in the settlement of tare, or in the approval or otherwise of the value put upon goods at the ad valorem rate. "Having succinctly stated the duty of a landing-waiter, it is necessary to add that the body is divided into six classes, with proportionate salaries. The first class numbers 20 persons, with 400/. per annum each ; the second class 20 persons, with 350/. per annum each ; the third class 20 persons, with 300/. per annum each ; the fourth class 30 persons, with 250/. per annum each ; the fifth class 30 persons, with 2001. per annum each; and the sixth class 30 persons, with 160/. per annum each. "The searcher, to use the technicality, makes shipped' the packages des- tined for shipment at his station. It is a part of his duty personally to ex- amine such packages, noting their correspondence with the original description in the official papers, and should any suspicion arise of any exchange or fraud connected with the shipment, they have the power of seizure, and of bringing the matter before the Board for inquiry and investigation." The first illustration of the mode in, which the frauds were cora- mitted is taken from the silk-trade; in which the frauds are said to have extended over a period of eight or nine year.— "The mode which is alleged to have been adopted in the wholesale smuggling of silks, was for the parties connected to send to the legal quays a case ot toys, booty, or any other French import of low value, marked and numbered, say A within a diamond, No. I, for shipment coastwise; which, however, instead of forthwith being put on board, it was understood should be allowed to remain on the quay. When the French packets arrived, a sight entry' was taken out for cases marked and numbered precisely the same as those prepared as before stated, the contents being declared to be unknown.' The packages were then landed at the same quay for examination by the landing-officer. Immediately this was the case, the former package was recalled by an order to redeliver; when the cases by the French packets, which really contained silk, were substituted to the parties applying, and the packages of boots, &c., exa• mined and returned for duty, in lieu of the cases of silk ; the ships' manifest merely describing the case brought over as merchandise, and thereby being no check upon the fraud."

Another equally simple process is described-

" A case marked and numbered, any B within a diamond, No. 2, containing silk for drawback, is sent to the legal quays ; is there examined and ' made shipped' by the searcher ; after which it is put on board a lighter for transport to the vessel. In the same lighter is another case, similarly marked and num- bered, containing cotton or free goods, entered in a different exporter's name. Shortly afterwards the exporter of the last-named package applies to have his case made 'short shipped,' (that is, to be returned,) when by the understood change the case of silks is relanded and delivered, in the place of the case of cottons, which is, in due course exported, while the drawback is received on the package of silk. This fraud could at any time be prosecuted without the aid of the officer, but by his connivance could be much more easily effected."

Another fraud was the pretended export of wine, in order to claim the drawback ; and the name of Mr. Burnby appears "as the gauger of the imaginary wine "—

"In the discovery of frauds upon drawbacks on wine, three distinct instances are acknowledged to by Burnby, Homersham, and Hastings, discharged servants of the London Dock Company, acting as merchants on their behalf, it being understood that a fair division of the profits of the operation should take place. The amount confessed to have been received by these parties upon this trans. action is between 600/. and 700/."

Additional facts come out from day to day.

Three first-rate, three second-rate, and four third-rate men-of-war, are ordered to be brought forward at Sheerness, ready for commissioning. India and China are reported as being the destination of some of them. —Morning Chronicle. [The Standard says that the ships are only to be got ready, according to a new plan, for keeping a series of vessels in constant readiness to be commissioned, in lieu of the "demonstration- ships."] We have heard that our military force in Canada is to be reduced immediately ; and that, should the war in China continue, several regi- ments will proceed from America to the East.—.Naval and Military Gazette.

The Queen's ship Warspite, which arrived at Portsmouth on Friday, with Lord Ashburton on board, brought intelligence from New York to the 4th September. His farewell reception at New York bad been most cordial. At the Civic Hall, between 2,000 and 3,000 citizens were introduced to him, and the Mayor delivered a complimentary address; and at Astor House he was entertained at a public banquet, which is described as one of the most important and interesting fêtes ever given in that country. Lord John Hay and the officers of the Warspite were invited to the dinner : at which also were present Mr. J. H. Palmer and Mr. Tho- mas Colley Grattan. There was little substance in the after-dinner speeches ; but a few passages will be read with interest. The parent- age of the Chairman, Mr. Jay, gave Lord Ashburton occasion for an historical parallel- ., I cannot but regard it as somewhat singular and auspicious, that the re- spectable gentleman who presides at this hospitable board should happen to be the immediate descendant of a man whose name will live in your memories so

long as honour, patriotism, and virtue are venerated ; I mean the late Mr. Jay. (Applause.) That illustrious man stepped forward on an occasion somewhat similar to that which you now celebrate ; and, having visited England, happily

succeeded in his errand of peace, although made under circumstances of a far more difficult nature than those which surrounded me on a mission which has

had a like fortunate termination. The task imposed on Mr. Jay was indeed an arduous one. At that period wild passions were at work, and the voice of the messenger of peace could only with difficulty be heard. But amid all those trying circumstances, that great man, and those who supported him, did main- tain the independence of this country, and saved both nations from a most se- rious war at that time, whilst war was raging among the nations of the earth;

and, undoubtedly, he laid the foundation of the great commercial prosperity of

America. (Great applause.) Fortunately, gentlemen, I have had much less difficulty to encounter ; for when 1 add to the reception I met with at Wash- ington from the President, from his Cabinet, from the Senate and House of

Representatives, that cordial welcome which I received at Boston, the cradle of American liberty and independence—and also the reception with which I have been greeted here as well in your City Hall, where I have been told that I shook hands with upwards of 3,000 persons, collected there by one common im- pulse—as at this festive board, around which I see such a large number of your most respectable citizens—I naturally ask, where is the danger of war between

England and America? (Great applause.) Whatever may be hidden I do not pretend to scan ; but of a verity I can say, that I have seen nothing but the greatest and most unaffected cordiality and good-will and friendship. Still, although my mission has been made in peculiarly happy circumstances, yet 1 trust that I shall not be chargeable with vanity in saying, that I too have done the state some service.'" (Loud and long-continued cheering.)

A letter was read from Mr. Webster regretting that he could not leave Washington in time to be present at the dinner. However, Mr.

Evans, of Maine, warmly eulogized the "gigantic intellect and noble patriotism" of" that great man" Mr. Webster ; who had not only "to cope with the clear, discerning, sagacious, experienced intellect of that distinguished nobleman" Lord Ashburton, but also had to negotiate a domestic treaty with some of the States of the Union— "We all bail the prospects and blessings of a permanent peace, and conse- quently a prosperous and increased commerce. We all hail the removal of those vexatious causes which might at any moment have precipitated two powerful nations into a war—nations whose interests are so bound together- (Chcers)—in every quarter of the globe, under every sky, these two nations have interests in common. (Cheers.) How desirable then was it to remove the cause of quarrel! (Loud cheers.) The meteor flag of England is not seen upon any sea where the American ensign is not seen to float triumphantly b its side. (Cheers.) Her ocean warriors cannot move in any part of the y giebe without meeting with the gallant defenders of our own flag, young though our navy is, who are as renowned for their years and as ready to bare their bosoms in defence of the honour and liberties of their country as the brave defenders of any other land. (Tremendous cheers ) With two such nations, then, how desirable is it that every source of difficulty should be re- moved without delay, never, never to return ! (Loud cheers.) These two great nations should move on, advancing in literature, in science, in agricul- ture, in the arts, in all the peaceful and god-like occupations that benefit the human race, and make them more nearly approximate the nature of their Divine Creator, until the remotest period of time. (Loud cheers.) In these things only should they go on conquering and to conquer. (Cheers.) For have we not a common interest ?—(Cheers)--are we not a common family ? (Loud cheers.) And wherever the English language is spoken, take my word for it there the American language is spoken also. (Loud cheers and laughter.) • • * This is an occasion for us all to congratulate ourselves through all time, insomuch as the peace of two great nations has been maintained, com- patible with the honour and integrity of each. (Great cheering.) In the ne- gotiation of this treaty there has been a frankness, an openness, a degree of talent and sincerity, and an earnest desire to settle all difficulties without dis- simulation, displayed on both sides, which, it seems beyond a doubt, has laid the foundation for a long, a lasting, and glorious peace between the two coun- tries." (Tremendous cheers.)

One of the toasts was, "Lord John Hay, commander of her Ma- jesty's ship Warspite : welcome for himself, welcome for the mes- senger he brought." The gallant captain was as pacific as any of the speakers, and at least as hearty-

.. 1 can only say, that as a British officer, one of the most pleasant services I ever was ordered upon was to bring the messenger just spoken of here. I deem it a high honour, one of the highest my Sovereign could have given me, as all. has now turned out. We had no sooner reached the shores of this great con- tinent, than the thousand clouds that had obstructed the vision of the future began to disperse, and the bright sun to peer through them all. We have been received everywhere with the best feelings and with hospitality. I must ex- press my thanks for such unlooked-for kindness. I must express to you, too, my joy over the conclusion of this treaty, even if treaties are not supposed to be what men in arms are desiring. As this good feeling is going on and in- creasing, (looking to Commodore Perry and other American ifficers, all in uneform,) we may as well put back, and for ever, our swords into our scabbards. for we shall have no occasion to use them. (Laughter and great cheering.) I hope they may rust a long while there if they are to be drawn against each other. (Prolonged applause. I hope the peace may be lasting, at least as long as I last. (More cheers. I have no desire ever to be engaged in such an

i

unnatural war as must be t is between your and my country. (Renewed cheering.) May you prosper long, gentlemen, in all your enterprises; may your country long enjoy the liberty guaranteed by your constitution." (His Lordship sat down amid loud and long applause.) Mr. Colley Grattan prudentially and pleasantly alluded to the chance of future feuds— "But, Sir, we must not in the delightful anticipations of this day be led too far. We must not expect impossibilities, or believe that eternal sunshine settles on our heads. Between countries so hardened, so enterprising, so emulous of each other's greatness, new causes of difference, ay, of dispute must be expected to arise. If, under the auspices of your noble guest, and the example which he and his eminent associate in the late negotiation have given to the world, no disturbance on questions of political right is to be feared, we may still look out for some on questions of international copyright. (Laughter and cheers ) But I shall not dwell on that subject In the words of a distinguished countryman of mine, Sir Lucius O'Trigger, 'it is a very pretty quarrel as it stands.' (Renewed laughter.) But we, gentlemen, can have no dread of any serious issue to those inevitable discussions of right or wrong. We who have seen the political atmosphere on many occasions lowering and cloudy, and on one occasion peculiarly Macloudy—(Bursta of laughter)—have also seen that the sun of conciliation is sure to shine through all. (Great cheering.) The worst that is to be for the future apprehended between the two countries is diplomatic argument and political agitation. Of the first we need not be now afraid. Of the latter I never had any dread. I believe political agitation, when it stops short of outrage, to be the safeguard of free institutions, and the very instinct of the common nature of the English and American people. (Sensation, and cries of " Hear 1 ") I know, Sir, it is difficult to set limits to its exercise—boundary-lines are the very hardest to draw clearly—(A laugh)—but the recent transactions have proved that they are the easiest to be honourably compromised." (Laughter and cheers.)

Mr. Grattan proposed "The health and happiness of the seven Com- missioners from Maine and Massachusetts."

A letter from Frankfort of the 19th September says—" The session of the German Customs Cong,ress is on the point of terminating, and the last sitting will, it is supposed, take place on the 24th instant. The partisans of the prohibitive system, or, if it pleases some better to call it so, the protecting system, have not succeeded in getting any of their views adopted. It does not appear either that any very notable change has been made in the tariff of the Union."

The 18th of October is fixed for the performance of a solemnity to which all Germany looks forward with the greatest interest—the inau- guration of the Walhalla by the King of Bavaria, at Ratisban. It is expected that the occasion will be celebrated as a national festivity. The building and its purpose are described by a correspondent of the Morning Chronicle-

" The building was to be erected in the Doric style, on a gentle elevation, and was to be sufficiently spacious to receive within its walls the busts or the names of all the eminent men and women of Germany, who by their achieve- ments, whether in war or in peace, or in the departments of art and science, had shed honour on their common fatherland while they gained glorious names for themselves. No part of the building was to be of wood. None but the noblest and most durable materials were to be employed—such as marble, iron, bronze, &c.; and in the same year (1821) in which the plan was determined on, the preliminary labours may be said to have commenced in the marble quarries of Unteraberg, near Salzburg. It was not, however, till nine years afterwards, namely, on the 11th of October 1830, that the firtit stone of the noble edifice was laid in the King's presence ; on which occasion Edward on Schenk, at that time Minister for the Interior, delivered a speech which excited considerable attention. An account of the solemnity was published in 1831, under the title of Ratisbona und Walhalla.

"The \Valhalla stands on a hill called the Branburg, which rises about two hundred and fifty feet above the level of the Danube, at a place called Donaustauf, not far from Ratisbon. The edifice reposes on cyclopean substructures of a truly colossal magnitude, and six sets of marble steps lead from the temple to the five successive terraces over which it rises From these terraces the view is inconceivably sublime. From the north.west a road winds through a grove of oaks up to the building ; to the west lie the ruins of the ancient castle of Stauf, upwards of eight hundred years old; and to the north the wooly hills which stretch away to the Bohemian forests. "The entire edifice, taking merely its magnitude into consideration, may be compared to the most celebrated buildings of antiquity. It length is 440 feet, its breadth 290, and its height more than 200. The upper temple which crowns the whole is 232 feet long, 110 broad, and 63 in height, and has at each end s portico of fourteen Doric columns each of which is 36 feet high and 5 feet 111 inches in diameter. Of the magnitude of these columns, some idea may be formed, from the fact that each consists of eleven pieces, and that each of these pieces on an average weighs more than five tons. The pieces used to form the architrave weighed nearly thirteen tons each.

"The principal bas-relief in the tympanum over the front portico presents us with a group of fifteen allegorical figures, emblematic of the liberation of Germany in the war that followed Napoleon's flight from Russia. • • • The groupe over the northern portico represents the victory of the Cherusei over the Romans.

"The interior or cella of the edifice is described as a spacious oblong, DE' feet long and 50 broad. Here the busts of the Walhallagenossen were to be

arranged in such a manner that the eye might survey the whole illustrious

assembly at a glance. Each bust was to be of equal size, and the king, the poet, and the churchman were to stand by the side of each other; all were to

be considered equal, and the only order to be observed was a chronological one

This extreme simplicity of design to which the architect was at first rigidly confined, presented the chief difficulty in the arrangement of the interior, where be was apprehensive the effect of so many heads of the same size, ranged side by side' would be extremely monotonous. This monotony has been avoided only by arranging the columns in the interior in such a manner that a large portion of the busts may at all times be concealed. This is unquestion- ably a departure from the King's original idea ; and another departure from it is the introduction of several groups of sculpture, representing passages from the Northern Mythology. Northern mythology is perhaps scarcely in harmony with the design of the temple; but the groups, we are assured, serve to relieve the eye agreeably from the long straight lines which would otherwise he found wearisome.

" Of many of the illustrious individuals whose names figure among the worthies of Germany, no well-authenticated likenesses have been transmitted • to us. In such cases as it has been impossible to place busts of them in the temple, their names in letters of gilt bronze have been inscribed on large tablets of white marble. Of these tablets there are sixty-four, of the busts about a hundred ; but space is left for the introduction of many more. Among the names, an Englishman will be surprised to find many which he has been accustomed to rank among the distinguished ornaments of his own national history, such as Alfred the Great, the Venerable Bede, &c. King Louis, how- ever, considers the Saxons in England as a part of the Great German family ; and on the same principle, Clovis and Charlemagne are likewise admitted among the associates of the Walhalla. In fact, Germany, according to the King's plan, is made to extend as far as the German language is spoken, or was spoken at any particular time."

We are enabled to state, that by the treaty on the eve of conclusion for the regulation of the Stade-toll, the King of Hanover will lose at least one-fourth of his toll revenue ; and that his Majesty voluntarily submits to this sacrifice from a generous desire to promote the interests and convenience of commerce in general, and of British commerce more especially. The intended treaty will simplify the mode of levying the toll by the removal of all unnecessary and troublesome forms. The duty is henceforth to be imposed upon the cargoes exclusively, and will therefore fall upon the consumers, while it will be too insignificant to deter them from the purchase of a single yard or pound of British ma- nufacture that they would have bought had Lord Palmerston's unjust and insolent proposal been carried into effect. At the same time, the shipping interest of Great Britain will be highly benefited by being freed from all fees, charges, and impediments whatever.—Morning Post, Sept. 27.

Advices have been received from Constantinople to the 7th September. The chief news relates to the shifting of various high officers. By an Imperial firman of the 4th, Izzet Mehemet Pasha, the late Grand Vizier was appointed Governor of Adrianople and of the provinces of Tchir: men, in the place of Said Pasha ; the latter was transferred to the government of Angora ; Izzet Pasha, General of Division at Saida, was promoted to the government of Jerusalem ; and other changes took place in the provincial governments. The Sultan had given to Mehemet All "another proof of his Im- perial satisfaction, by raising him to the dignity of Grand Vizier," "in consideration of the sentiments of obedience and devotedness to the Imperial throne with which the Governor of Egypt was animated, and of his long and faithful services." The Imperial rescript, together with a decoration similar to that worn by the Grand Vizier, was delivered, in the presence of the Sultan, to SJ11111 Pasha, who was to sail in a few days for Alexandria. A letter from Alexandria, of the 6th, mentions the satisfaction caused at that intelligence, and says—" Another fact of almost equal importance is only yet a rumour, although asserted as a fact by every one, while it can be traced to no sufficiently good authority,—namely, that Ibrahim Pasha has been appointed commander-in-chief of the Turkish forces in the approaching campaign with Persia. Should this rumour prove true, it will be a most important feature in the present aspect of affair; in the East. It is also said that his first movement will be upon Bag- dad, of which the refractory Pasha had intimated an intention of allying himself with the Persians.

The Persians had sustained a repulse. Letters from Erzeroum, of the 15th August, announce that a corps of 500 Persians attacked a de- tachment of 200 Turkish cavalry, in the environs of Bayazid, about the middle of July. The Turks, although thus surprised by a superior force, charged the assailants with great impetuosity, routed, and pur- sued them to Ovadjek, a distance of three leagues. The Austrian Observer, in announcing on the 17th the Servian revo- lution, explains the circumstances in which it arose. The conduct of the persons at the head of the Administration had created much dis- content; and Chekib Effendi, the Turkish Envoy Extraordinary in Moldavia and Wallachia, " recommended " that they should be re- placed by officers formerly exiled to Constantinople, who had recently returned to Servia ; and the Porte gave the same advice. Wutsebiels and Petronie witch, leaders of the emigrant party, counting on foreign support, resorted to open violence. Wutschich assembled an army, and defeated Prince Michael, who issued from Belgrade to oppose him, on the 31 and 4th of September. Wutschich marched upon Belgrade ; Michael fled to Semlin ; a Provisional Government was formed at Bel- grade ; and it is said that a young boy, grandson to Cserny George, bad been elected Prince.

In Scotland, on the 21st, the thunder-storm burst over Galloway and Annandale, embracing an extent of country a hundred miles across : the country was grizzled all over with sharp hail ; horses and their drivers were much embarrassed by the driving sleet ; while the vege- tation was cut and pierced as if shot. In the neighbourhood of Kirk- cudbright, three water-spouts were seen.

We do not read of life lost anywhere, except a cow killed by the lightning in Ulster ; but on the English coast, one little creature was exposed to the storm in a singular way. Some boys were at play on Saturday evening, on Douglas sands, in the Isle of Man, in a boat ; when, for a freak, all but one jumped out, took up the anchor, and pushed the boat, with Barney Smith, a boy of twelve, out to sea! The boys afterwards ran away, frightened at what they had done, and concealed poor Barney's fate. There was a little meal and bread in the boat, but no water ; and he could not eat for thirst, which he vainly endeavoured to allay with salt-water. On Sunday morning and Monday there were severe gales, through which the little mariner drifted about. At four o'clock, on Tuesday afternoon, his signals attracted the notice of people on board a steamer on its way from Liverpool to Douglas ; and he was picked up, all but dead with cold and hunger. Barney thinks that he slept a whole night and day. He was taken the best care of, and was doing well.

In reading the account of the strange proceeding of the Dundee Guildry last week, we overlooked the following foot. note in the Dundee Advertiser, explaining the accident by which the Marquis of Breadal- bane happened to be born in Dundee- " The present Marquis of Breadalbane was born in Provost Riddoch's house, Rethergate, when his father happened to be here with his Breadalbtute Fen- cibles, of which he was the Colonel, along with the Countess; the Provost having given up his house on the occasion."