ffortign anti ealontal.

Faesscx.—The last sitting of the Peace Congress, on Friday, was even more crowded than those preceding. Nearly as soon as the chair was taken, M. Coquerel rose and said, he held in his hand a volume entitled "An Essay towards the Present and Future Peace of Europe by the Es- tablishment of an European Diet, Parliament, or States." One motto to this volume was, " Beati pacifici "; another, " Cedunt arma togre." It was printed in London in the year 1693, and its author was William Penn. This was the volume itself which William Penn offered to Queen Anne of England : it was marked with her initials in two places; and it had now been presented to the library of the Protestant Church de l'Oratoire, by the eminent writer Andre Barbier, as a memorial of the first Congress of Peace in Paris. Great demonstrations of delight hailed this announcement.

An important portion of the time was occupied by the reading of a me- moir, written in French, by Mr. Elihu Burritt, the original missionary of the modern Peace movement in Europe.

The memoir sketched with some degree of definiteness the objects of the Peace movement, which centered in obtaining a congress of nations on the basis of uni- versal suffrage among the states ; France sending 30, Great Britain 30, Germany 30, the United States 20, and so in proportion for other countries. The work of the Congress would be specific and simple—to revise a system of principles, pre- cedents, practices, and opinions, which have already acquired the name and partly the authority of an international code ; then to give the result of their delibera- tions to their respective national assemblies for revision, amendment, and adop- tion; and afterwards to establish a permanent international tribunal, a high court of nations, for the administration of the law so adopted as an international code. The Congress would also apply attention to matters of minor international interest— the digesting of "a plan for establishing throughout the civilized world a uni- formity of weights, measures, monies, rates of postage, and for creating other facilities for the social and commercial intercourse of nations • thus preparing them for that relation to each other which should exist between the members of a vast and peaceful commonwealth." Thus, said the memoir, " We establish an order of society, by which great nations, without deposing a single prerogative of their legitimate sovereignty, accept the condition of individuals who are amenable to law. For our system, if adopted, would not trench upon the complete independ- ence of the different states. Neither the Congress nor the High Court of Nations would pretend to exercise anyjurisdiction over the internal affairs of a country, or exert any direct political influence upon its institutions. Neither would they be designed to confederate the different states of the civilized world in a political union like the United States of America. The great international tribunal which we propose would be like the Supreme Court of the United States, to which not only the thirty little Republics, but every inhabitant of the Union, may appeal for its decision in any case which cannot be settled by inferior authorities. The different nations would still retain all the prerogatives of their mutual independ- ence. Even if differences arose between them, they would endeavour to settle them as befqre by negotiation. But if that medium failed to effect an honourable and satisfactory adjustment, they would then refer the matter in dispute to the arbitra- tion of this high court, which, in concert with other nations, they had constituted for that purpose. The existence of such a last court of appeal would inevitably faci- litate the arrangement of these questions by negotiation, which is now often embarrassed and thwarted by the dangerous proximity to an appeal to arms. Whenever a difficulty arose between two countries, the last resort, after negotia- tion had failed, would not suggest to the mind of either party the terrible trial of the battle-field, but the calm, impartial, and peaceful adjudication of the high tribunal of the peoples. And when once the idea of war has been displaced in the mind of nations, by the idea of a quiet administration of justice and equity, preparations for war, and all the policies which it requires and creates, will gradually disappear from international society. The different nations would soon accustom themselves to refer their cases to this high court of appeal, with as much confidence as the different States of the American Union now submit their controversies to the decision of the Supreme Court of the United States. On the list of cases brought before that court, may be found sometimes one entitled New York v. Virginia,' or 'Pennsylvania v. Ohio '; and, however heavily the verdict may bear upon one of the parties, scarcely a murmur is heard against it. In like manner, we might see reported, among other decisions of this international

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tribunal, the case of ' France v. England, Denmark v. Prussia,' or' Mexico v. the United States.' " What was needed to enable the organization of permanent peace by the institution of a high court of nations? The sympathy. and support of the popular mind, and the adhesion of governments. The memoir traced the development of the popular sympathy, in the history of the movement since the first humble gathering of some twenty-five delegates at the London meeting in 1843, to the present assemblage of 600 delegates in Paris. As to the second element, when the people were gained the governments would not refuse to adopt the scheme approved. Might they not believe that there would assemble at the next Con- gress at Frankfort, in 1850 or 1831, a thousand delegates, including perhaps a hundred statesmen and senators from the national assemblies of the civilized world? America would promise a hundred delegates, including thirty members of her Congress.

This exposition was followed by a speech from the Abbe Duguerry, of the Madeleine, which eloquently dealt with the religious bearings of the Peace question. The Abbe wished to see, instead of triumphal arches, co- lumns, and statues, images of Peace sitting on her throne and crowning Humanity : that day would be glorious, for egotism would be conquered, and Christ would reign upon earth.

Mr. Walker, from the United States, and Mr. Bodenken, a -Germ* having represented their countries with characteristic speeches, M. Vine_ coq, a consular agent, rose and astonished the meeting with a strong war speech. His sentiments provoked exclamations of surprise and interrup- tions: when these grew very marked, he politely turned over some sheets of his written oration, and opened a new sentiment; only, however, to cause similar impatience: at last the chairman begged him to retire, and he immediately complied. M. Girardin made some extempore remarks in reply; and Mr. Hindley, M.P., followed with a speech which was mesh applauded; his difficulty of speech in the French language supplying hire with a good point.

" When I was a young man, war was raging between your country. and mum I was forced accordingly to learn the French just as I learned the Latin language, the Greek, and the other dead languages now not in use amongst us. I had then never seen a Frenchman, and never expected to see one. I learned to read French, not to speak it, which seemed wholly superfluous; and now you hear the result, that I cannot express myself as I fain would on this interesting occasion. I can. not throw my mind into yours. I cannot mingle my heart with yours, as I fain would. Fortunately, however, there is a secret magnetism pervading the entire of this assembly, spreading from heart to heart—a silent language speaking within us with a more persuasive eloquence than could be supplied by the most potent language that the ears could receive. (Cheers ) Now every soul feels the fervour of our principle—the principle of an universal charity; now, I do not feel that I am English as contradistingnished from French. I know and feel I am a man; and I repeat with the old poet, Homo sum, et nihil humanum alienum a me putts' " (The audience rose, and cheered with great enthusiasm.)

Mr. Miall urged, that as war was the result of man's will, the way to put down war was to get at that will by means of his reason, his under- standing, his conscience, his affections: this was what the Congress wanted to do—they wanted to drive the monster War home to his lair, and there ensnare him with love, and transfix him with reason.

Mr. Brown, who had been an American slave for twenty years, pro- tested against a war element which kept three millions of his countrymen in bondage: he believed the principles of the Congress would lead to slave- emancipation in the United States.

Mr. Cobden supported the resolution " disapproving of all loans destined to promote wars of ambition or conquest."

" My object," he said, "is to promote peace by withholding the sinews of war. I propose that this Congress shall make an appeal to the consciences of all those

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who have money to lend. I do not allude to a few bankers who appear before the world as loan contractors. They are the agents only for collecting funds from smaller capitalists. It is from the savings and accumulations of the merchants, manufacturers, traders, agriculturists, and annuitants of civilized Europe, that warlike governments can alone supply their necessities; and to them we will ap- peal by every motive of self-interest and humanity, not to lend their support to a barbarous system, which obstructs commerce, uproots industry, annihilates capital and labour, and revels amidst the tears and blood of their fellow creatnres. We will do more; we will in every possible way expose the character and objects, and exhibit to the world the true state of the resources of every government which endeavours to contract a loan for warlike purposes. The time is gone by when barbarous nations devoted to war could conquer civilized Europe; unless, indeed, the latter will be so very complacent as to lend the money necessary for its own subjugation. War has become an expensive luxury. It is no longer a question of bows and arrows, swords and shields. Battles are now decided by artillery, and every discharge of a cannon costs from twelve to fifteen francs; I wish with all my heart it was ten times as much. The consequence is, that when countries behind the rest of Europe in civilization enter upon hostilities, they are obliged immediately to draw upon the resources of more civilized states—in other words, to raise a loan."

He denounced the atrocities with which Hayman had conducted the Austrian war; quoting from the officer's own despatches passages, which had been issued as part of a " policy of the Devil."

In conclusion, Mr. Cobden replied to objections. " I shall be told that it is useless to make an appeal to the sensibilities of men who, with money lying unpro- ductive at the bottom of their pockets, are thinking of nothing but five per cent. I will undertake to prove, though I shall not weary you with an opinion upon the subject, that Peace will offer a tar better field for the employment of the savings of agriculture than the field of battle, and that she will afford a much more pro- fitable investment for the accumulations of industry than in partnership with Haynau and Co. This discussion will be raised again and again in various places. The Congress of Nations will make the tour of the civilized world. You, Frenchmen and Frenchwomen, who have received with so much enthusiasm your English visiters, in whose name I thank yon—who have known so well how to show the noble zeal in the cause of humanity which has prompted your American guests to cross the great Atlantic—who have welcomed the presence of Germans, Belgians, and Dutchmen, and the representatives of other nations ill this hall—you have imparted to the Peace Congress a great moral power, which its members will endeavour to use for the benefit of humanity. We shall leave you with renewed hope and courage, confident that we have only to persevere reso- lutely, but legally, and always in a moral sense ; and step by step we shall propa- gate the sublime idea which now reigns in this hall, till it embraces within its in- fluence all the nations of the earth."

M. Feline attempted to make a speech in favour of defensive war; but meeting with interruptions, and receiving a check from the chairman, he retired, saying he would rather not speak if the tribune were not free.

M. Emile de Girardin spoke in a spirit similar to Mr. Cobden's.

" It may be said, if you refuse to make war, there is no reason why others should not make war against us: but it is very easy to convince you that there is no reason in the remark. If credit does not furnish the aliment of war, there is no nation powerful enough to enter on it. if you want proofs of what I say, you have them before your eyes. Within the last thirty years two revolutions have broken out in this country ; and the Governments have been overthrown. Has war broken out?—Certainly not. Is it that ambition is soddenly extinguished amongst us? Is it that all old resentments have been appeased m Europe?— Certainly not. But there was a great step made towards peace on the day when credit was necessary to go to war. Credit has not allowed it to be done. If money could have been procured, war would have broken out ; but it could not be found. If in the ensemble of your programme there is one Clause to which I ad- here more completely than to another, it is that which is now under discussion: let nations only engage themselves to the terms of that article, and I do not be- lieve that war can ever take place." M. Girardin did not avoid a political refer- ence—" But beware: even when your supreme tribunal shall have been esta- blished, the question will present itself, to know if there was a war between sove- reign and sovereign, or only a war of sovereign against people, and made merely for the maintenance of treaties. I do not think I am wanting in patriotism, but I do not fear war: I do not fear the suppression of liberty, for liberty has made important conquests in the midst of the misfortunes of these latter days. A tri- bune has been raised at Vienna; the right of discussion has been established in

Germany, and in some of the states of Italy. I have confidence in the right of discussion; I have more confidence in liberty than in battalions armed with the money of the poor. The affection of the people is more valuable to government than large battalions of armed men. Let us then have confidence in liberty, in

the right of discussion; and we shall arrive at that pacification which progress will render definitive." The resolution was passed by acclamation; and thus all the resolutions of the programme had been agreed to. Mr. Cobden, Mr. Brotherton, M.P., and Mr. Smith, M.P., moved and sup- ported formal resolutions expressing the gratification of the Congress at the marked kindness which had been shown to the members in Paris, and the obligations of the Congress to its officers. These propositions being car- ried, M. Victor Hugo, the Chairman, returned thanks, and bade the meet- ing adieu; making a happy allttsion to a chronological incident— "In the course of that days discussion, a reminiscence had been handed up to one of the speakers, that this is the anniversary of the dreadful massacre of St. Bartholomew. The reverend gentleman who was speaking turned away from the thought of that sanguinary scene with the pious horror natural to his sacred call- ing. But I, who may boast of firmer nerve, I take up the remembrance. Yes, it was on this day two hundred and seven -seven years ago, that Paris was roused from slumber by the sound of that dreW bell, which bore the name of the cloche efargent. Massacre was on foot, seeking with keen eye for its victim—man was busy in slaying man. That slaughter was called for by mingled passion of the worst description. Hatred of all kinds was there urging on the slayer—hatred of a religious, a political, a personal character! And yet, on the anniversary of that i same day of horror, and in that very city where blood was flowing like water, has God this day given a rendezvous to men of peace, where wild tumult is transformed into order, and animosity into love. (Immense cheering.) The stain of blood is blotted out, and in its place beams forth a ray of holy light. All dis- tinctions are removed, and Papist and Huguenot meet together in friendly com- munion. (Cheers, which prevented the speaker for some time from proceeding; many members of the different faiths embracing each other with fervour.) Who, that thinks of these amazing changes, can doubt of the progress that has been made? But whoever denies the force of progress mast deny God, since progress is the boon of Providence, and emanates from the great Being above. I feel grati- tude for the change that has been effected; and, pointing solemnly to the past, I say, Let this day be ever held memorable; let the 24th of August 1572 be re- membered only for the purpose of being compared with 24th of August 1849; and when we think of this latter, and ponder over the high purpose to which it has been devoted—the advocacy of the principles of peace—let us not be so wanting in reliance on Providence as to doubt for one moment of the eventual success of our holy cause!"

When the agitation caused by this reference had somewhat abated, Mr. Cobden stood tip, and invited his countrymen and the Americans to give their farewell in nine hearty English cheers—and he would be their fugle- man. This was done; and before the last cheers were given, the French gentlemen fell into the tune and swelled the shout with cordial vigour. The company then slowly departed.

M. de Tocqueville, the French Minister of Foreign Affairs, gave a soirée in honour of the Peace visiters on Saturday night: it was attended by nearly 1,500 persons, the great majority Englishmen and Americans. On Monday, about 1,000 members of the Congress went, on the invita- tion of the Minister of Public Works, M. Lacrosse, to visit the palaces of Versailles and St. Cloud. The palaces having been traversed, upwards of 700 of the visiters sat down to an elegant dejeuner in the celebrated Ten- nis Court; Mr. Cobden in the chair. The opportunity was employed to pay a public compliment to the American members of the Congress. Mr. Cobden addressed them on the noble part they had taken in the present demonstration; on that practical enthusiasm in the cause which had made one of them travel more than 1,500 miles by land, and all of them 3,000 miles by sea, to be present with their fellow labourers in Paris. As a me- morial of the visit, and a testimony to the value of their assistance, he pre- sented to them, in the name of the Congress generally, a New Testament in French, with a suitable commemorative inscription. The Reverend Dr. Allen, of Idassachussetts, and Mr. Elihu Burritt, acknowledged this evidence of kindness.

Mr. Burritt said—" Where and when might they more fittingly unlearn those evil lessons which they were taught in the old years of mutual estrangement, when they were enemies, and learn the great lesson that God had made of one blood all nations to dwell on all the face of the earth, in the bonds of peace? Among those national estrangements, perhaps the most unnatural one of them all was that between England and her Colonial children on the'other side of the At- lantic. During that long struggle, the young Anglo-Saxon Republic had inter- course with France in the bonds of the most friendly alliance. The remembrance of that connexion, and all the affecting circumstances under which it was formed, had perpetuated in the heart of the American nation a profound sentiment of good-will towards the people of France ; but to him it was a sorrowful reminis- cence, because the basis of that friendly union between America and France was a common hostility towards England. But if such a bond of amity could be es- tablished upon such a foundation, what a beautiful condition of international brotherhood might they expect, when England, France, and the United States, should be clasped in one fraternal embrace—when they should go forth together to vanquish those baseless and insane animosities which had divided and embit- tered nations."

After the dejeuner, the company were reconducted to the palace; where they were received by the commandant and a guard of honour. Upon their arrival on the terrace, at the entrance of the gardens, they were sur- prised at finding nearly 30,000 spectators, who had assembled from Paris, Versailles, and other places. The Congress halted for a short time upon the terrace, and gave several hearty English cheers for France; which the French answered by shoats of " Vive le Congrbs!" The commandant, mounted on horseback, conducted the Congress over the gardens, to visit the fountains. The pressure of the crowd of spectators was so great, that it was found impracticable to carry out the original intention of keeping the English visiters distinct from the spectators; and the French and Eng- lish proceeded through the grounds in the most friendly spirit, as one body, until they came to the last and most splendid fountain, the Baths of Nep- tune, where a space immediately round the water was cleared for their exclusive accommodation. At five o'clock the Congress took leave of Versailles, and proceeded by railway to St. Cloud; where they were con- ducted over the palace and grounds by the officers of the palace; the French populace being rigidly excluded from any spot which could in- tercept the view of the Congress. At nightfall, " La Grande Cascade " was illuminated in the most magnificent manner for two hours; a military band playing various overtures, quadrilles, and waltzes. About nine, the company took their departure, amidst the heartiest evidences of good feel- ing from the French.

The majority of the Congress left Paris, by special train, at seven on Tuesday morning; and reached London the same night.

The French Legitimists who had repaired to Ems, to present their homage to the Count de Chambord, have for the most part returned to Prance. The project of addressing directly or indirectly, a manifesto to the French nation, has been completely abandoned, at least for the present.

A letter from Ems states that Ledru-Rollin had passed the place on his road to Geneva, where it was said the chief revolutionists of Europe are about to hold a congress. The director of the Gazette de France, M. Aubry Foucault, who wee tried for attacking in that journal the Republican institutions of the nation and the constitution, has been acquitted by the jury. The Abbi Chide], well known for his Socialism, was tried before the Court of Assize of the Seine on Wednesday, for exciting the military to in- subordination and violation of the laws; and was acquitted by thejury. He appeared in clerical costume, and defended himself. M. Rohilliard, editor of the Revolution Democratique et Sociale, was sentenced on Tuesday to three years imprisonment, and 4,000 francs fine, for a seditious article, entitled " Messieurs les Royalistes, Fire First." M. Bareste, editor of the Republique, was sentenced on the same day by default to 500 francs fine, for neglecting to deposit in the office of the Attorney-General the number of that journal of the 16th August.

A National Guard named Philippe, who was Chief of Battalion of the Eighth Legion, dissolved after the insurrection of June 1848, was sentenced on Tuesday to one month's imprisonment, for having illegally worn the uniform of his corps at the manifestation of the 13th June. Another, a Sap- per of the Fifth Legion, was condemned to eight months' imprisonment, for having carried a carbine on the same occasion. A brigadier of the Ar- tillery of the National Guard, arrested on the 13th June in the Conserva- toire des Arts with two packages of ball-cartridge in his pockets, was sen- tenced to two months imprisonment.

Accounts from Brest state that the Trappists are about to form an agri- cultural establishment at Martinique. Admiral Brunt has strongly recom- mended the Government to give them its support.

Prat:Ir.—In the Turin Chamber of Deputies, on the 19th August, the President of the Council of Ministers, the Marquis Massimo d'Azeglio, an- nounced that the ratifications of the treaty between Sardinia and Austria had been exchanged; and he laid before the Chamber a copy of the treaty and the supplementary articles which were added to it.

The treaty consists of six articles. The first declares that peace and amity shall in future exist "forever" between the belligerents; the second restores all treaties and conventions existing between them before the war; the third declares that the limits of the Sardinian states on the side of the Po and the Ticino shall be those fixed by the treaty of Vienna—such as they existed before the war; the fourth renounces for Sardinia all pretensions whatever to the countries beyond the above limits, excepting always the right of reversion to Sardinia of the Dutohy of Piacenza; the fifth makes the Archduke of Modena and the Duke of Parma and Piacenza accede to the treaty as principals—not as acknowledging a suzerainty in Austria; the sixth refers to the ratifications. The supplementary articles stipulate for the evacuation of Piedmont by the Austrian army, fix the Austrian in- demnity and its mode of payment, and add some other stipulations. One article declares that the two powers shall conclude with each other a treaty of commerce and navigation on the basis of the strictest reciprocity; another, that the convention of the 4th December 1834 is renewed; and another that the convention of the 11th March 1751 is annulled, and the extra tax on Piedmont wines removed by Austria.

A conversation of considerable length arose as to the course of proceed- ings which should be adopted by the Chamber with respect to the treaty. In answer to a question from M. Rossi, the President of the Council of the Ministers stated that the forts occupied by the Austrians were to be evacu- ated in the course of eight days. Signor Valerie observed that this would be giving an advantage to Austria to the prejudice of Hungary and Venice. It was at length determined that the Chamber should on the following day resolve itself into its several bureaux, to consider the treaty of peace, as a preparative to the general discussion on its provisions.

General Oudinot was to leave Rome on the 21st August, with 10,000 men, and return to France. Cardinal della Genga was ill, and was going to resign his functions as member of the Government Commission: the other two Cardinals, according to this account, also intend resigning. By a procla- mation of the Cardinal Commissioners, dated the 18th August, all the Corps Francs dill existing on the territory are dissolved. All the officers who had left the Roman service after the 16th November are readmitted to the army.

A religions as well as political revolution appears to be unavoidable. The celebrated Padre Gavazzi is reported to have turned Protestant; and Padre Ventura, a man whose reputation as a theologian and a philosopher gives him great influence in this country, is said to be in a fair way of fol- lowing the example. In fact, those who have hitherto supported the Papal cause now abandon it; declaring that the priests, by their intemperate con- duct, are paving the way for the return of the Liberals, in the same man- ner that the zeal of the Republicans defeated their own end.—Ronan Correspondent of the Daily News.

AIISTRIA.—The accounts of the past week add little to what was first told of the surrender of Gorgey with his army, at Villages, on the 11th of August. No more is communicated in the despatches than the military ceremony of the surrender. Some 23,000 men admirably equipped, and 138 guns—the largest artillery park of any single army in Hungary—were yielded to General Rildiger; and Marshal Paskiewicz has already taken measures to give up the insurgents as soon as possible to the Austrian Go- vernment. The despatches from Warsaw and from Vienna comprise accounts of the military combinations that preceded the surrender; the Austrian and Russian writers variously claiming the credit of the victory. Nothing certain is known of the other commanders and the forces under them. General ilaynau describes his pursuit of the army of the Bacska, which he drove from its post before Temesvar to Lagos, and further on towards Karansebes and Orsova; and states that the retreat was a confused flight, which must end in total rout. We hear nothing of the forces said to have been concentrating under Dembinski near Szegedin; and there is no clear intelligence of Kossuth. Arad was recaptured on the 17th; and Kossuth'e bank-note press was there discovered. Round Comorn, it is said, there is a cessation of hos- tilities preliminary to a capitulation; Gorgey having written to Klapka, commanding his surrender. Guyon, and some other leaders with isolated corps, still hold parts of the country, determined on a desperate resistance; but their reduction must be only a matter of time. The succumbing of Hungary has produced the yielding of Venice. Venice capitulated to Radetzky on the 22d August, on terms which seem only to secure liberty of withdrawal to the insurrectionary leaders. .:CelinntAnye—It is stated by the Cologne Casette, on the informainntg;it letter 'from -a good authority, that the formal dissolution-of the central Pdtvermeiter the Regent is close at hand. The Governments of ,Priunik ,rettla; end Bavaria, are said to have come to an agreement that-the Afehtfake Vicar, together with his Ministers, should resign-their post in tInfseiveeks at farthest, and that a Diet-Committee should take their plaoe. Committee will have to conduct the internal affairs of the Genus& nie4eration upon the basis of existing treaties. The seat of the "Ccim-: Mitte:e will be Frankfort; whither the Vicar will not return. -'he-First Chamber of Prussia met on the 27th August, and ffis-` oilseed Camphausen's proposition for rendering all acts and resolutions 'of the future German Parliament binding upon the Prussian Chamber and` Government. The Ministry recommended the Chamber to accede to the motion; and after some unimportant speeches, it was carried, by 96 to 14. Carnplutusen was compelled to retire just before the division, by a sudden illness.

INDIA. —The Bombay mail of the 25th July has arrived in England. The main incident of the news is the conviction and sentence of Moolraj, " ex-Nazim of Mooltan," after a fifteen days trial, and a very eloquent- speech for the defence by Captain Hamilton. The charges of the arraign- ment are specifically given by the Delhi Casette, as follows-

1. Having aided and abetted in the murder of Mr. Vans Agnew, late of the Bengal Civil Service, and Lieutenant Anderson, late of the Bombay Military Ser

insti- gated 2. Having been an accessory before the fact, inasmuch as he had his troops to the attack and murder of Messrs. Agnew and Anderson. 3. Having been an accessory after the fact, inasmuch as he had rewarded the mur- derers.

The Court found Moolraj "guilty " on all three charges, and sentenced him to death. But the execution of the sentence was suspended, and a recommendation of mercy had been sent to the Governor-General, on the ground that Moolraj had been the "victim of circumstances "; and it is stated by the Bombay Times that the sentence has been commuted to im- prisonment for life in the fortress of Chunar,—whence the Ranee lately es- caped. " At the mention of each of the charges on which he had been ar- raigned, Moolraj shook his head, as if to express denial, but offered no ob- servations on his sentence."

The report mentioned by the last mail, that the Government was about to be removed to Simla, had been " semi-officially contradicted." The writer who mentions the contradiction says, " The idea of the removal of the Government to the North-west, is a peculiarly pleasing one to certain members of the press in India."

So likewise the speculations lately caused by the movement of troops in the North-west had been too hasty: it is now said that our relations with Gholab Singh are most friendly; and that any possible movement by us into Cashmere will be to assist him against his own subjects, who are re- fractory on the subject of paying taxes.

UNIT= STATES AND CANADA.—The Cambria arrived at Liverpool on Sunday, with advices from Halifax to the 17th August. The news con- tinues chiefly of a general and unpolitical character; relating to the cholera, the crops, and the emigration to California.

The elections have gone against the Whigs in Kentucky, in Indiana, and in Tenessee. Five seats have been lost, chiefly on account of the Anti- Slavery tendencies of the candidates.

In a proclamation dated the 11th instant, President Taylor says there is reason to believe that persons are fitting out an armed expedition in the United States with an intention to invade Cuba or some part of Mexico; that the best information which the Executive has been able to ascer- tain points to the island of Cuba as the object of this expedition; that it is the duty of the Government to observe the faith of treaties, and to pre- vent any aggression by these citizens upon the territories of friendly na- tions: he therefore warns persons from entering into this project; telling them that they must not look for protection of the States if they find themselves involved in any difficulty.

The cholera was abating throughout the American continent; it had almost disappeared from Philadelphia. The whole deaths in New York had been 4,040: but great numbers had also died of cognate diseases. The Philadelphia correspondent of the Horning Chronicle writes- " At Cincinnati, St. Louis, and other Western cities, the fatal scourge has be- oeme very light indeed; but a fatal diarrhoea and dysentery seem to be the pre- vailing legacies left by the Asiatic plague. It was publicly announced from the pulpit in St. Louis, a few days since, that there had been 8,000 victims to the pestilence in that city alone. So shocking were the ravages of cholera at San- dusky, Ohio, that even after the population had been reduced from 300 to 600 by death and by flight inspired by terror, the deaths averaged from 30 to 40 per day for several days together. The physicians—a rare instance—deserted the town; but several other physicians very nobly repaired to the afflicted place from Cleve- land, Cincinnati, and even from Philadelphia. A few of the most distinguished men of Sandusky, who resisted the panic and remained at home, perished by the epidemic, while many of those who fled also became victims. It is singular that in Cincinnati both fowls and hogs have died in immense numbers, as if by an epi- demic somewhat resembling the cholera ; while at Wheeling nearly all the cats have been carried off in a similar manner. The cholera has had a very serious effect upon the Lake trade. Cleveland is full of vessels waiting for men." Of the crops throughout the United States the reports are very unfavour- able. In Wisconsin, the wheat crop is a failure, and fields that promised an abundant yield a few weeks since are now not worth harvesting. The rust is also still much felt in many districts. Regarding the tobacco crop, a letter published from Milwankee states that the yield will be deficient one- half in quantity, though the quality will be better; that some of the plant- ers will have barely enough for their own consumption. The excessive rains in several districts had flooded the rice crops, but did not injure them to any extent. Some new cotton had arrived at New Orleans from Texas. The quantity to be obtained from the State of Mississippi for the last week would not amount to more than half a crop, whilst from Florida the ac- counts are equally gloomy.

Emigration to California continues in a strong steady current. The Falcon had just arrived from San Francisco, and brought information as to the numbers of immigrants, which has been thrown into a statistical form. It is estimated that the population will on the 1st of October be about 60,000-35,000 Americans, 8,000 Californians, and 16,000 of all other na- tions. The present population is reckoned at 30,000, about equally divided between " digging " and " other pursuits."

The papers supply the following miscellaneous gleanings.

-"A very serious affray—indeed, something like a battle—has just taken place near Paducah, Illinois. It appears that a band of thieves and ruffians, to the number of three hundred, had made that region their rendezvous and head- qtKtere, slid. thew oh ges iffid—dipredations upottilnelrunest Inhabitantat3

cattle et '"Thede diSPelitdads called themselves( • Flatheads; and'yrefe'llie orthe country. At length the people formed themselves

intoAtiiitt;oPllegetiaters; &beat 500-in ntmibery andresolved to:drive the 'Flat,', heade'fitenthat part,of Illinois:. Writs were issued for the arrest of the ring_ lendereof the ';Flatheads,'iand the 'Begetters' marched in support of the an- thoritiesinv.hofferezesisted,_ A conflict ensued, in which two of the 'Flatheads' were 'killed and three woupdedi, and . three of the-'Regulators' are said to be 'wouededrneeta.11y, The ruffiens then scattered in every direction, and it is believed that that band of robbers is nos effectually broken up." -4'A ire:mete, tragedy has occurred near Steubenville, Ohio. A Mrs. Rebecca.: Mitcham hail drowned herself and three children in Big Yellow Creek; the cause 'assigned;:cruelty end jealousy on the part of her partner for life."

Twoethirde ef . the business portion of the town of Plattsburg, Vermont, have been destroyed by-fire, all from the Court-house to the bridge." The Canadian advices are without interest. Rumours of Lord Elgin's resignetiett were again prevelent.