forgot ma (alum!.

FRANCE.—The Honiteur of Sunday published the reply of the French Minister for Foreign Affairs to the second circular of Count Nesselrode. It is in the form of a circular addressed to the diplomatic agents of the I French Government.

" Paris, July 15, 1853. " Monsieur—The new despatch of Count de Nesselrode, which the Journal de St. Petersburg published the day after it had been sent to all the Russian legations, has produced an impression upon the Emperor's Government which his Imperial Majesty has ordered me to convey to you without cir- cumlocution.

" We cannot but deplore seeing Russia, at the very moment when the efforts of all the Cabinets to bring about a satisfactory solution of existing difficulties bear such striking testimony to their moderation, assume an atti- tude which renders the success of their negotiations more uncertain, and imposes upon some among them the duty of repudiating a responsibility which it would be vain to attempt to fasten upon their policy. " I do not desire, Sir, to return to an exhausted discussion ; but since Count de Nesselrode continues to allege, in support of the pretensions of St. Petersburg, the offence said to have been committed by the Porte in not re- garding the promises made to the Russian Legation at the period of the first settlement of the Holy Places in 1852, I am forced to repeat, that the fir- mans issued by the Sultan after Prince Menschikoff's mission took away all foundation for this single grievance ; and that, if any Government be author- ized to prefer legitimate complaints, it is not the Government of his Majesty the Emperor Nicholas. " In fact, on the 10th of May last, Count de Nesselrode who had then

just received despatches from the Russian Ambassador at 'Constantinople, congratulated himself with General de Castelbajac upon a result which he regarded as a happy termination of the affair of the Holy Places. M. Kis- selef, in Paris, made a similar declaration to me; and the agents of the Cabinet of St. Petersburg everywhere used the same language. The de- mands subsequently made by Prince Menschikoff, when the principal object of his mission was attained, and when his return was already announced, were not therefore in any way connected with those which he had prevailed upon the Porte to accept ; and it was really a new question, a more grave difficulty, that arose at Constantinople at the very moment when Europe, an

instant alarmed, was invited by Russia herself to Ica completely reassured. "Taken, in some sort, by surprise, by demands which they had no grounds for suspecting, the representatives of France, Austria, Great Britain, and Prussia, at Constantinople, loyally employed their efforts to hinder a rupture, the consequences of which might be so fatal. They did not advise the Porte to make any resistance of such a nature as to expose itself to more serious dangers ; and, unanimously agreeing that the demands of Russia touched the liberty of action and sovereignty of the Sultan too nearly to allow them to offer an opinion, they left to the Ministers of his Highness alone the re- sponsibility of the course to be taken. There was therefore, on their part, no pressure of any kind, no interference whatever ; and if the Ottoman Go- vernment, left to itself, would not subscribe to the conditions that were de- sired to be imposed upon it, the reason must assuredly have been that it considered those conditions entirely incompatible with its independence and dignity.

"It was at such a conjuncture, Sir, that Prince Menschikoff quitted Con- stantinople, breaking off all diplomatic relations between. Russia and the Porte ; and that it devolved upon the Powers, bound by their traditions and their interests to maintain the integrity of Turkey, to trace out for them- selves a line of conduct.

"His Imperial Majesty's Government, in accord with that of her Britan- nic Majesty, thought the situation too menacing not to be narrowly watched-, and the French and English squadrons speedily received orders to anchor ire Besika Bay ; where they arrived in the middle of the month of June, "This measure one entirely of precaution, had no character of hostility towards Russia. It was imperiously called for by the gravity of the circum- stances, and amply justified by the preparations for war which for several months past had been making in Bessarabia and the harbour of Sebastopol.

"The motive for the rupture between the Cabinet of St. Petersburg and the Porte had, so to speak, disappeared. The question which might have been raised on the sudden at Constantinople, was that of the very existence of the Ottoman empire ; and his Imperial Majesty's Government will never admit such vast interests to be mooted (" as trouver en jeu") without in- stantly claiming that share of influence and action which properly belongs to, its power and its rank in the world. To the presence of a Russian army upon the land frontier of Turkey, the French Government had the right and the duty to reply by the presence of its naval forces at Besika, in a bay freely open to the ships of all nations, and situated without those limits which treaties prohibit the passing in time of peace. "For the rest, the Russian Government was soon about to take upon it- self to explain the necessity for the movement of the two squadrons. For on the 31st of May, when it was impossible to know at St. Petersburg, where the news only arrived on the 17th of June, the resolution that might 'be adopted by France and Englaud, Count Nesselrode sent to the Porte, in the form of a letter to Redschid Pasha, a final ultimatum, with a brief delay, and which contained a very clearly-expressed threat of an approaching occu- pation of the Danubian Principalities.

"When this decision had been come to with a solemnity which no longer permitted a Government jealous of its dignity to modify it—when, by a cir- cular dated June 11, his Majesty the Emperor Nicholas caused his resolution, to be announced to Europe as if to render its execution more irrevocable— our squadron was yet at Salamis, and that of England had not left the port of Malta.

"This simple comparison of dates suffices, Sir, to show from what quarter- proceeded that initiative now sought to be denied, while the responsibility of it is thrown upon France and England: it is also sufficient to prove that' between the communication made to Paris and London of the proposition made directly to Constantinople by Count Nesselrode, and the rejection :4, that ultimatum, time was materially wanting for the Governments of 'is Imperial Majesty and her Britannic Majesty to exercise their Constantinople one way or the other. No, Sir, I say it with till the,foreeobr conviction the French Government in this grave debate has nothing tore- preach itself with : it repudiates from the depths of its conscience no less than before Europe the responsibility imputed to it ; and, strong in its' moderation, appeals in its turn, without fear, to the judgment of the Coe- binets. Setting aside the so different objects of the two demonstrations, there was perhaps a sort of analogy between the respective situations when the Russian army was on the- left bank of the Pruth and the English and French fleets cast their anchors at Besika. The analogy has disappeared since the passage of the river, which forms the limits of the Russian and the Ottoman empires, Count Nesselrode seems to admit this when he. supposes- the squadron to he already within sight of Constantinople itself, wedi repre- sents the military position taken up by the Russian troop' en the banks off the Danube as a lieeessary compensation for what he calls our maritime: occupation.' "The English and French forties do not by their presence outside the Dar- ili!ne4ett inffinge e;isting treaties, The occupation of Wallachia and Mel-

Russians, they were a prey to a revolutionary agitation which equally threatened their own security, that of their sovereign, and that of the pro- events should recur within a period of seven years, Russia and Turkey should ce with great spirit. Al Pasha, the Governor, has been recalled.

answer, that at present no cause has arisen for the application either of the treaty of Adrianople or the convention of Balta-Liman. By what right did

the R .ussian troops pass the Pruth if not by the right of war r—a war, I ad- °pars:Alien, in time of peace, of weak states by their powerful. neighbours. on the 7th July. The general interest of the world is opposed to the admission of such a

view the subject, and to communicate this despatch to him. I also author- having hitherto interposed their good offices uselessly, now interpose their the views which may be taken by the Assembly."

a more and more active part in the ne .

The writer professes his Object to be the maintenance of a peace which

to the " form of a note." between Russia and Turkey is reduced Tartar race, but the old idolatrous religion. The Muth China Herald,

The principle of a guarantee in favour of the Greeks is admitted by the speaking

Turkish Government ; the principle of the sovereignty and of the inde- Nankin, gives these details.

pendence of the Ottoman empire is admitted by the Russian Government : con- "The insurgents are Christians of the Protestant form of worship, and sequently, at bottomthe parties agree, and there is really a difference only anti-idolators of the strictest order. They acknowledge but one God, the

as to the form. Audit is for that that war should burst out !" Heavenly Father, the All-wise, All-powerful, and Omnipresent Creator of M. de la Guerroniere holds up the Emperor of the French by way of ex- the world ; with him, Jesus Christ, as the Saviour of mankind ; and also the ample to the Emperor of Russia as it man who substitutes the emulation Holy Spirit, as the last of the Three Persons of the Trinity. Their chief on of prudence and reason for the emulation of conquest.

earth is a person known as'Tae-ping-wane the Prince of Peace,' to whom a kind of divine origin and mission is ascribed. Far, however, from claim- " To follow this noble example, the Emperor of Russia need only recall log adoration he forbids in an edict the application to himself of the terms his own souvenirs : let him read the noble letter, thus conceived, which he 'Supreme,' "'Holy,' and others, hitherto constantly assumed by the Empe- wrote on one occasion to Count Orloff: 'My dear Orloff—Twenty-four hours rors of China, but which he declines receiving, on the ground that they are after you receive intelligence of the retreat of the Egyptians, re6mbark m

due to God alone. Their moral code the insurgents call the 'Heavenly troops, and hoist sail to bring back the army of Constantinople to Sebastopol.

Rules ' ; which on examination proved to he the Ten Commandments. The When Divine Providence has placed a man at the head of 60,000,000 of observance of these is strictly enforced by the leaders of the movement, men, it is that he may give in the highest degree the example of upright- chiefly Kwang-tung and Kwang-se men ; who are not merely formal pro- ness and of the scrupulous accomplishment of his engagements: " festers of a religious system, but practical and spiritual Christiana, deeply The Emperor and the Empress are still at St. Cloud. All due prepam- influenced by the belief that God is always with them. The hardships tions have been made for their long talked-of visit to the Pyrenees ; but they have suffered, and the dangers they have incurred, are punishments there are no other signs of departure. and trials of their Heavenly Father ; the successes they have achieved

It appears that Captain Excelmans, commander of the Emperor's steam- are instances of His grace. In conversation they Lore the more yacht on the Seine, has deeply irritated all the vested interests—barge- worldly-minded by constant recurrence to that special attention of the owners, laundresses, and others—by the rapid way in which he navigates Almighty of which they believe themselves to be the objects. With his craft, fatal to inchoate clean linen and boats at their moorings. The proud humility, and with the glistening eyes of gratitude, they point other day these vested interests hooted and pelted Captain Excelmans on back to the fact, that at the beginning of their enterprise, some four his 'landing. years ago, they numbered but 100 or 200; and that, except for, the direct help of their Heavenly Father, they never could have done what they have . The Honiteur of Thursday contained a decree by which "the restric- done. 'They' said one, speaking of the Imperialists, 'spread all kind of lies tions of entry, imposed by Article 3 of the Ordonnanee of the 8th Feb- about us. They say we employ magical arts. The only kind of magic we _ruary 1826, will provisionally cease to exist with respect to grain and have used is prayer to God. In Kwang-se, when we occupied Yung Gnan, flour imported from the possessions of the 'United Kingdom of Great Bri- we were sorely pressed; there were then only some 2000 or 3000 of us. We tam n in Europe." were beset on all sides by much greater numbers; we had no powder left, Tisaissas—The state of public affairs remains nearly unaltered, al- and our provisions were all gone ; but our Heavenly Father came down and though some attempts are said to have been made by the old Turkish showed us the way to break out. So we put our wives and children in the ,party to bring in a war Ministry. Early in July a conspiracy was dis- middle, and not only forced a passage, but completely beat our enemies.' After a short pause he added= If it be the will of God that our Prince of covered among the young ecclesiastical students, to overthrow Abd-ul- Peace shall be the Sovereign, of China, he will be the Sovereign of China ; if Itedjid, place his brother on the throne, and declare war.' On the arrival not, then we will die here. ' of neWit at Constantinople that Moldavia had been invaded, the old Turk- Nankin was well defended. The rebels were awaiting reinforcements ish party seem to have obtained a momentary advantage over the Libe- from the South before marching on to Pekin. While returning from rah. Mustaphe Pasha, the Grand Vizier' and Redschid Pasha, were dis- Nankin, Sir George's ship, the Hermes, was by mistake fired on from a .missed suddenly on the morning of the 9th instant : it is said that the fort. In all other respects these " Christians ' treat foreigners with DiplomatiC body were 'greatly surprised : before evening, however, the great friendliness. Mr. Interpreter Meadows met with no abuse in a ride two dismissed Ministers were reinstated: The news received yesterday of ten miles through the midst of the rebels at Nankin. They are de- announced that Redschid Pasha had written a conciliatory note to Russia. scribed as regarding "foreign brethren" with a frank friendliness diffi- On the Other hand the same post informed us that the Russians were cult to comprehend in a Chinese ; and in their army moral duties are busily fortifying their positions in Moldavia and Wallachia ; that they strictly enforced. One of the guides to Mr. Meadows and his party, had contracted for nine months' proviaions; that heavy artillery continued while begging him to bring a double sword from Shanghae, implored him to pass the Prnth ; and that up to the latest date there were 80,000 Bus- I also above all things not to smoke and swear and drink. This is the first atria, on the contrary, constitutes a manifest violation of those treaties. shin troops in the Principalities. Russian agents were active in all di- That of Adrianople, which determines the condition of the Russian protector- reations : there was scarcely a village in which mass and Te Deum had are, implicitly states the case in which that power was to be permitted to not been said for the Emperor.

interfere in the Principalities; it was in ease their privileges should be die. We are without positive news of the fate of Kossta at Smyrna ; but it regarded by the Turks. In 1848, when these provinces were occupied by the The published correspondence between M. de Bruck and Mr. seems probable that he had been given into the keeping of the French ConsuBr re

teeting power. The convention of Balta-Liman established that, if similar specting him shows that the American insisted on his deliver-

own l.

mii

jointly take measures to restore order. Russia.—By way of Vienna and Paris, news reached London yesterday, -"Are the privileges of Wallachia and Moldavia menaced ? Have revolu- that the Emperor of Russia has agreed to take into his serious considera-

tionary troubles broken out in their territories ? The facts themselves propositions are, still remains unknown; tion the propositions lately made by the Western Powers with the eon- sent of Turkey. What those and great doubts arc expressed even as to whether the Emperor has de-

mit, the true name of which they will not pronounce, but a war derived from cided to consider them. There are not wanting those who renew the old a new principle, fraught with disastrous consequences, which one is aston- rumour that a surprise of Constantinople would be attempted. ished to see practised for the first time by a power so eminently conservative General Gyulai arrived at St. Petersburg on a special mission, it is be- of European order as Russia,—a principle leading, to nothing less than the lieved, but ostensibly to be present at a grand inspection of the Guard?, doctrine ; and the Porte in particular has the incontestable right to see an AIISTRIA.—Three steam-tags arrived at Pe.sth on the 14th instant, with nine large vessels in tow. These vessels were filled with Austrian in- act of war in the invasion of two provinces which, whatever may be their

special organization, form an integral part of her empire. Neither the Porte, fantry. The next day the steam-tugs and vessels continued their voyage therefore, nor the powers that might come to her aid, would violate the down the river. Another transport of troops was announced for the 15th, treaty of July 13, 1841, if she were to declare the straits of the Dardanelles and a third for the 16th. All the steam-tugs in the Danube have been and Bosphorus open to the French and English squadrons. The opinion of put into requisition for the Emperor's service. his Imperial Majesty's Government is formal upon this point ; and although A circular note of Count Buol has been published ; but it throws little it does not think this opinion excludes the attempt to find an efficacious light either on the intentions of Austria or the part she has taken. Count means of conciliation between Russia and Turkey, I have requested General Buol speaks of an " equal desire to uphold the Ottoman empire " and de'Castelbajac to make known to Count de Nesaelrode the way in which we " to preserve inviolate the intimate alliance which unites Austria and ize you to transmit a copy to M. Russia." Ile says that Austria dissuaded the Sultan from considering " Accept, Sir, the assurance of my high consideration.the invasian of the Principalities a casus bell ; and he preaches the

" Ditouvre DE- LHUYS." " cause of moderation and conciliation."

The Pays of Saturday last published a long-expected article on the SWITZERLAND.—The report of the Federal Council of Switzerland on Eastern question, signed " De la Guerroniere," and said to have been pro- the dispute with Austria was presented to the Federal Assembly in its duced by that optimist in politics at the prompting and subject to the re- sitting on the 13th instant, at Berne. In this report the Council states, vision of Louis Napoleon. The situation of the question is thus described that it regards the departure of the Austrian Chargé d'Affaires as a a the outset— formal rupture, but that " it had not permitted itself to be led to reply by "Russia demands a religious protectorate over the Greek subjects of the injustice to injustice, and by reprisals to cause still greater perturbation Sultan. Not being able to obtain it by diplomatic means, she has had recourse to the commerce of Switzerland, or to weaken the resources of the coun- to acts by occupying the Danubian Provinces ; without, however, in her try by a hasty calling out of troops." " The Council has the more rea- eyes, that occupation having the force of a declaration of war. Turkey, son to feel that its conduct will be approved of, from the fact of its not without contesting to Russia the religious influence which she possesses from having made or proposed to make any concession which would affect the the assimilation of her religion with that of 11,000,000 of Greeks subject to principle of free and independent government in the interior. The Conn- her rule, refuses to guarantee that influence in a form which would affect her cil does not think it necessary to propose any new measures ; it will obey own independence and her right of sovereignty. England and France, after ileets, not to menace Russia, but to be ready for all the eventualities which INDIA AND CHINA.—The fuller despatches which arrived on Monday might have for consequence to affect the balance of power in Europe. AUB- do not give many more details than the telegraph as regards India. It is tria and Prussia, although neutral in the armed action of the affair, assume stated, however, that on the departure of the Burmese Commissioners, gotiations in order to prevent by their General Godwin was for going at once to Ava ; but that Lord Dalhousie couneels and their influence an invasion which, by altering the balance of acting under the orders of the Board of Control, has forbidden the British power, would change the conditions of their existence, and destroy • the General to do more than defend the frontier. The river is now again guarantees of their security. Such is the position of Europe at the present available' ra and our post at Meaday has been reinforced. It is believed moment."

that aliall satisfy Turkey and not humiliate Russia. Be praises the Porte for mission Godwin has been ordered to starve the Burmese into sub- ion by intercepting the supplies of rice from the lower provinces.

giving Russia the puerile satisfaction of negotiating on the right rather The news from China partakes of the wonderful. Sir George Bonham than the left bank of the Pruth ; and regards the last circular of Count

has paid a visit to the rebel army near Nankin. A very correct transla- Nesselrode as in " some measure" throwing the door of negotiation more lion of the Bible was freely circulated among them. With zeal often a widely open, and rendering retreat more easy. For, says he, the difference amounting to fanaticism, they are bent not only on the destruction of the

4' The on information obtained through Sir George Bonham's visit to

accurate or quasi-accurate information we have had of the rebels, and the journal above quoted promises more.

1TxriEn STATES.—By the arrival of the Baltic at Liverpool, on Wed- nesday, we have New York advices to the 9th instant. The sole public intelligence relates to the fisheries. It had been re- presented to General Pierce that there was some danger of the fisher- men's taking arms to defend themselves against the British cruisers ; and on this consideration he is said to have ordered a small armed force to the fishing-grounds. It consists of two steamers, the Princetown, the Fulton, and the brig Decatur ; and is under the orders of Commander Shulnick. Mr. Crampton has also gone to the same quarter to confer with Admiral Seymour ; but not much importance is attached to either mission.

CANADA.—Advices have been received from Quebec to the 2d instant. The Parliament had adjourned. The acts of the session have not been unimportant. "A decimal currency has been established. The grand trunk railway has been organized, and on so sound a footing that the stock is at a premium in England. Four hundred miles of the road will probably be finished before the 1st of January. An Ocean Steam Navigation Company has been incor- porated, and the two pioneer vessels have already made the voyage. An increase in the representation of the province, from which very salutary results are anticipated, has been carried. A law facilitating the settlement of wild lands has been added to the statute-book. Increased security has been given to municipal debentures in Upper Canada by the Consolidated Loan Fund Act. A measure providing for the better treatment of lunatics has been adopted. All religious sects have been placed on a footing of equal- ity as regards the celebration of marriage. Finally, the Legislative Coun- cil, as at present constituted, has been formally condemned, and the way paved for an elective Senate." Great excitement both in Quebec and Montreal had followed the Ga- VaZZi affair. In reply to a Protestant deputation, Lord Elgin is reported to have said, that "in view of the scenes which lately occurred at Chalmer's Church, it is doubtful whether Jacques Cartier, could he again visit Quebec, would think that the country had benefited by the expul- sion of the Iroquois and the introduction of the Irish."

Jam/ans.—According to the journals brought by the Orinoco, which arrived at Southampton on Sunday, the affairs of Jamaica had not ap- proached nearer to a settlement up to the 27th June. Public business was at a stand-still, and the Treasury continued to be closed against all claimants. Governor Grey had carried out the intentions he expressed, and had liberated a considerable number of convicts. As may be imagined, the state of anarchy caused great public discontent. Much attention was paid to the alleged discoveries of copper-mines at Clarendon, St. Andrew, Metcalfe, and Portland.

Yellow fever prevailed among the shipping at Kingston.