THE WAR IN ITALY.

The chief telegrams that have arrived from the seat of war will best enable the reader to understand what his taken place since last week. Movements of the greatest interest may now be hourly expected, for it will be seen that the two armies are once more face to face.

" Turin, June 18.—On the 14th June the Sardinian army took up its posi- tion on the Melia near Brescia. Forces have been despatched to observe the mouths of the Upper Oglio. General d' Urban occupied Capriano on the 14th, but abandoned it the following night." " Travigliato, June 17, Bvening.—The Emperor is at this place. His Majesty enjoys perfect health, and the moral and physical position of the army is excellent." " Verona, June 18.—The Emperor reviewed, this morning, the 7th and 8th corps d'armee at the Camp of Lonato. Be was most enthusiastically cheered. The confidence of the troops has reached the highest 'scat." " Turin, .Tune 18.—The Emperor has entered Brescia with the King, who had gone to meet him. Popular enthusiasm accompanied the march of the allied troops, who all through Lombardy receive one continued ovation. The communities on the right of the Tiber and also Litto de Castello have pronounced for the national cause." Mantua, June 18.—"The declaration has been published that the town is in a state of siege, and the provisioning of the place has been ordered. Lombardo-Venetian bank-notes to the total amount of 60,000,000 florins will be issued, the acceptance of which is to be obligatory." Thrin, June 19.—" The Austrians finished on the 16th instant the evacu- ation of Monteehiaro. Their right wing is said to have gone to Lonato, taking the direction of Peschiera. Their centre occupies the heights of Castiglione, and their left has gone towards Castel-Goffredo. During the last few days 80,000 Austrians, with 6000 horses and twelve batteries, have passed through Montechiaro. On the 17th instant, the Allied army of Italy made a forward movement."

Turin, June 19.—" The following particulars of the combat at Castene- dole have been received today= General Garibaldi wishing to throw a bridge across the Chiese, in order to keep communications with Brescia open, placed part of his troops at Rezzato and Treponti to oppose the Aus- trian vanguard which had advanced as far as that place. Some companies of Chasseurs d'Alpes attacked the enemy's outposts. The Austrians yielded, and were pursued as far as Castenedolo, where the main body of the enemy attempted to :surround us, but our troops immediately withdrew. General Garibaldi then came to the rescue, and succeeded in bringing our men to their former positions, causing great loss to the enemy. We had 100 killed and wounded. The King ordered the Fourth division to advance to the position, and General Cialdini accordingly led part of his division to Rez- zato to support General Garibaldi. The Austrians withdrew from Castene- dolo, after having blown up the bridge over the Chiese, before the town of Montechiaro.' " Aril:, June 21.—" According to advices from Brescia to the 18th instant, the Sardinian army preserves its positions before Brescia at Rezzato and Caatenedolo. The French army occupies Brescia and its environs in line with the Sardinians.

"On the 17th instant the Austrians reoccupied Montechiaro with a con- siderable force."

Turin, June 21.—" The following advicee have been received from Bres- cia to the 19th instant. General Garibaldi marched yesterday morning from Salo towards Deaenzano ; but, meeting the enemy in considerable force, withdrew. An Austrian steamer on the Lego di Garda fired on his men ; but our artillery silenced it." "Brescia, June 20.—It is announced that the Austrians, who in great force had occupied strong positions at Lonato, Castiglione, and Montechiaro,

where they had fortified themselves with care by embattlementing the walls, cutting the bridges, and constructing numerous batteries, have abandoned all those positions. The Emperor has left Brescia today in order to ad- vance."

" Turin, June 22.—Yesterday the Emperor and the King quitted Brescia for the camp amid the rivets and acclamations of the populace. The allied armies have occupied Lonato, Castiglione, and Montechiaro." " Turin, June 23.—The main body of the Austrian army is on the left bank of the Mincio. The Piedmontese have advanced towards Peschiera, and after a vigorous encounter repulsed the outposts of the enemy, who lost several killed. The entire French force has passed the Chimer at Monte- chiaro, pushed a reconnaissance as far as Goita, and surprised the great Aus- trian Guard (Grand Garde Autriehienna), which lost nine prisoners and some killed."

" Verona, June 23.—The head-quarters of the Emperor of Austria have been removed to Vallegio. The feeling of the troops is excellent."

The English correspondents with the two hostile armies, as might be expected, paint different pictures of their condition. The gentleman with the Allies, writing from Cassano on the 13th June, says of the ad- vance of the Allies— "it is like an agreeable promenade in a park. Although the country be- tween Milan and the Adds is similar to that further West, yet the richness of the vegetation, combined with the perfection of cultivation, gives it an entirely different character. Thus you have the long straight chaussees, it is true, but they are not those monotonous sunburnt roads' with equally mo- notonous rows of willows, or naked closely-planted poplars, cropped close as charity-boys, but you have a road protected in most parts by high full-spread chestnuts, poplars, and elms,: which impart shade even at noonday. Two little ditches, with clear flowing streams, on both sides, impart additional freshness, and vivify a dense mass of brushwood and creepers at the foot of the high trees. Besides the wild vine, which creeps up gracefully under the branches of its more powerful neighbours, you find there all the old acquaint- ances—the nut, the raspberry, the cranberry, and every variety of the three, while at their feet, near the:fresh water, nestle a number of wild flowers in all their varied garments. The side roads are no longer those tiresome nursery gar- den rows, which must have served as models for the background in the picture of the early Italian school. The richness of the vegetation has transformed them into delicious cool country lanes. The rice-fields have quite disappeared, and the corn-fields are much less frequent. Instead of them the eye roams

over large plots of grass, chiefly thick Lucerne i

:, which is grown n large quantities in this country' renowned for its dairies. The formal enclosures beyond are so completely hidden by the richness of the brushwood and the free growth of the trees that they seem the borders of a considerable forest, Just sufficiently cleared to admit the grassplot. All this mass of verdure is animated by the song of the nightingale, the blackbird, and lark, who seem to have forgotten the numerous sportsmen of Lombardy, or perhaps, think that while the cry is Mode as Tedeschi ' they, as good patriots, have nothing to fear. From Milan all along to the Adda the villages succeed each other with as much rapidity almost as in the neigh- bourhood of London, only they are picturesque Italian villages, and not uniform suburban hamlets. Besides these you almost every moment meet one of the caseini, or large detached farmhouses, or see them in the dis- tance, peeping out of the trees beyond the road. Every one is the centre of groups of peasants, who seem to have forgotten their work in their anxiety to have a look at the troops. Everywhere you are greeted by ' the sounds of music and glasses, gaping crowds saluting and crying ‘Evviva ' troops re- posing and refreshing themselves; the whole looks like going toa fair. And through this jubilee the soldiers have to march by easy stages. When they arrive at the halt for the day they encamp in the green fields to the right and the left, the tents are soon pitched, there is plenty of wine' bread, and meat, plenty of wood to cook with, and water everywhere. A detachment goes to the village to fetch clean straw, and the bivouac is as comfortable as can be. Now and then, indeed, a shower comes down to spoil the fun, but no one cares much about this while there is plenty to eat and drink, and the next morning the sun does the rest. Not the least important part of the afternoon's business is foraging for dainties, which is pleasant work among such numbers of rich farms ; eggs, fowls, and milk, are never wanting, nor is the payment at full market price only, but often rather more."

The gentleman in the Austrian camp writes from Soreaina on the 10th. He is in different ease.

"Now, whether this retreat is a masterly movement or a most weak one, I think that it will be unfair considering these coincidences, to give all the praise or all the blame to Count Gyulai. Of course, the whole army is furious ; the Lancers have torn the flags from their lances ; the Jagers have thrown aside the flowers they always carry in their hats during war. In- discreet officers give vent to their feeling in words; the more discreet twirl their moustaches by the hour together ; but I must in justice add that the general tone is that of stern determination to let the future atone for the past.

"The morel see of this huge army the more convinced I am becoming that, whatever Power devotes its attention to the perfection of the in- dividual soldier will secure an almost incalculable advantage in warfare by being able to use fewer men, who will be more easily fed, and who can be brought to bear on any one point with much greater facility. With the Austrian system of recruiting it is impossible to make really efficient sol- diers. A peasant boy is enlisted nominally for eight years, but after two leave of absence is given, and he is not called on again except in case of war. Three-fourths of this army, then, even of the Artillerymen are men of less than two years' service. To such men the warfare of this country must be most trying. The trees are so numerous that they never see their enemy till within a couple of hundred yards, and they never see their own supports. That an army so composed can have fought on equal terms for ten hours with a superior force of picked French troops proves that with good management during this campaign the men can be depended on next year to do anything which soldiers have ever done."

General Count Schlick, the present Commander-in-Chief of the Aus- trian army, was born the 23d of May, 1789, at Prttg, in Bohemia. He entered the military service of Austria in 1808, and after the Battle of Aspern, in 1809, became lieutenant of Lancers in the corps of General Milma. In 1813, he was named colonel and adjutant of the Emperor of Francis II., and in this capacity took part in the principal military events of the time, until the loss of an eye, in the Battle of Warsehau unfitted him, for a year or two, for the service, which he finally reentered about 1815. The rest of his advancement, up to the rank of Field-Marshal- Lieutenant occurred in the ordinary way, during the long peace which followed.

His chief military laurels the Count gained in 1848, when with a corps d'armee of not more than 8000 men he succeeded in maintaining his ground against nearly 80,000 revolted Hungarians. He soon after showed considerable strategical talents by preventing the union of the two armies of Dembinski and GOrgey, whereby the latter was forced to lay down arms before the Russians. It is chiefly this event which

gained a name for the General as being an able Commander-in-Chief, otherwise he was looked at merely as a daring leader of cavalry, which he most undoubtedly is. Count Schlick always wears a "broad black band" over the left eye, which, as already mentioned, he lost in battle. He is very popular with the army.

Count Cavour has addressed the following circular to all the Ministers and representatives of Sardinia abroad—

"Turin, June 12.

"Sir—in a former circular despatch I had the honour of informing the Legations of his Majesty of the acts of spoliation committed by the Austrian army in the Sardinian provinces which it occupied. I now have to inform you that a judicial investigation has been made. It will prove that Austria has brutally violated the laws of war, and that the conduct of her troops is not that which distinguishes civilized nations. The results of this in- vestigation will be communicated in due time to the Legations. But one fact has now been legally confirmed which I wish to hold up to the indigna- tion of every Cabinet of Europe. Published by the press it might not be credited ; the Government must make it known officially, and guarantee its truth.

"On the 20th of May, the same day as the battle of Montebello, at about 11 am. some Austrian troops were encamped on the heights of Torricella, a small' district of the province of Voghera. A patrol, after having arrested the constable (huissier) of the tribunal whom it met, and having compelled him to act as a guide, entered the village and penetrated the house of the farmers Cignoli. Having searched every part of the house the soldiers or- dered all the members of the Cignoli family and some other persons who happened to be in the farmyard to follow them. The search had resulted in the discovery of a small leathern bag, containing a small amount of shot (plomb de cheese). "The persons arrested were nine in number—viz., Pierre Cignoli, 60

ears of age; Antoine Cignoli, 50 years; JeromeCignoli, 35 years ; Charles Cignoli , 19 veers ; Bartheemy Cignoli, 17 years ; Antoine Setti, 26 years; Gaspard Riciudi, 48 years ; Hermanigilde San Pellegrin, 14 years : Louis Achille, 18 years. There were also an old man of 60 and a child of 14 years.

"The patrol led them up to the Austrian commander, who was on horse- back on the high road, in the midst of his men.

"After exchanging a few words in German with the soldiers in charge of the prisoners the commandant told the constable who had served as a guide to remain where he was. He then ordered the nine unfortunate peasants, who could not make themselves understood, and who were trembling all over, to descend into a path by the road aide ; they had scarcely gone a few steps when the commandant gave a signal to a platoon to fire on them. Eight of these unfortunate men fell dead; old Cignoli, mortally wounded, gave no signs of life, The Austrian troops resumed their march, and the commandant, turning to the constable told him he might go, and that he might not be detained by other Austrian troops in the neighbourhood he gave him a card to present if necessary as a safe conduct. This card was a simple visiting card, bearing, under a Count's coronet, this name-

" ' Feld-Marsehall-Lieutenant Urban.'

"This card is kept with the other documents of the investigation. "Shortly afterwards the inhabitants approached the spot where this hor- rible butchery had taken place. Old Cignoli, who had recovered his senses, was taken to the hospital at Voghera, where he died five days afterwards. "Such enormities need no comment. It is an assassination as cowardly as it is vile, and of which at most an example could be found only among savages and barbarians.

"You are requested, Sir' to communicate this despatch to the Minister of Foreign Affairs of the Government to which you are accredited, and I beg of you, at the same time, to receive the assurances of my distinguished consideration."

It is only right to add to this authoritative indictment the statement from 'Vienna that "the Austrian Government formally declares that the cruelties attributed to General D'Urban in the message of Count Cavour are entirely devoid of foundation." Details are promised.

At Novara, there are two large airy hospitals, one civil and the other mi- litary. All the ladies of the place without exception of rank or position, have offered their services to the surgeons as nurses, and their conduct is stated to be admirable. They may be seen with white aprons and tucked-up sleeves, somforting and relieving the sufferers.

The Mon hear publishes a list showing the entire losses of the French army in the two battles of Magenta and Melegnano. Magenta—Imperial Guard,

officers killed, 33 wounded ; privates, 130 killed, 688 -wounded, and 163 missing. Line-2d corps d'armeet 7 officers killed, 24 wounded ; privates, 75 killed, 503 wounded, and 149 missing : 3d corps d'arat6e., 8 officers killed, 46 wounded ; privates, 94 killed, 871 wounded, and 156; missing; making-a total for the-battle-24 officers killed, and 103 wounded; and 299 rank and file killed, 2062 wounded, and 470 missing. In the affair of Melegnruie the loss was 13 officers killed, and 56 wounded ; and 141 rank and file killed, 669 wounded, and 64 missing.

In official account has been published of the losses of the Austrians at the battle of Magenta-63 officers and 1302 soldiers killed, 218 officers and 4130 soldiers wounded, 4000 soldiers missing.