Itlisttilantous.

It is stated that Mr. William Deane Butler, the Dublin architect, is en- gaged in the preparation of plans and drawings of a marine residence for the Queen, at or near Killing, seven miles from Dublin.

The Dab:begs of Kent continues in good health at Tunbridge Wells. She has taken her residence there for six weeks longer.

The Queen Dowager has forwarded a donation of 2001. to the Associa- tion for Promoting the Relief of Destitution in the Metropolis, to be applied towards the relief of the widows of those who have died of cholera.

The Duke and Dutchess of Saxe Meningen terminated their visit to the Queen Dowager at Stanmore last week, and have left England for Ger- many

A funeral service in memory of the late King Charles Albert of Sardinia was performed at the Sardinian Chapel in Lincoln's Inn Fields on Wed- nesday, and was attended by a number of distinguished foreigners.

The Duke of Hamilton was thrown from his horse while riding near Wishaw on Tuesday week. Though falling with extreme force directly upon his head, and severely cut in the face, he sustained no serious damage.

A local paper reports that the Bishop of Llandaff is seriously though not dangerously ill. He is said to suffer severe pain, and to be extremely weak; but the ailment is not mentioned.

Mr. Cobden has addressed the following letter, on the proposed Austrian loan, to Mr. Edmund Fry, of 15 New Broad Street.

"Oaklands, near Sedleseombe, Sussex, Sept. 25, 1549.

"My dear Sir—I have this moment read in a London paper the prospectus for a new loan, issued by the Austrian Government. Now is the time for the friends of peace and disarmament to raise their voices in condemnation and exposure of the system by which Austria and the other powers maintain their enormous ar- mies, and carry war and destruction, not only into their own provinces, but into the territories of their neighbours. A public meeting should be immediately called in London, to denounce this attempt to levy upon the savings of peaceful industry the means of paying Haynau and his Croats for their butcheries in Brescia and their atrocities in Hungary. There is not a friend or admirer of the oppressed and slandered Magyars or Italians who will not press forward to swell the chorus of execration at this audacious proposal to borrow from the European public the money with which to pay the price of successful violence and injustice. It is a matter upon which every man is called upon to express his opinion; for all of us are, by the terms of the prospectus, invited to become subscribers for the loan. la there a Jew in London who will not be eager to attend each a meeting, tp repu- diate all connexion with the projected loan, and to denounce the authors of those atrocities against his co-religionists at Bnda-Pesth2—atrocities in which Haynau has surpassed everything that has occurred since the persecutions of the middle ages.

" I will be in town on Thursday, to meet a committee of the friends of peace; and if it be decided to hold a meeting, I shall be there to take a part in it. And believe me faithfully yours, RICHARD COBDEN."

Mr. John Bright, M.P., returned from an Irish tour on Monday, having occupied a mouth in traversing nearly the whole of the Southern and Western counties of Ireland; and the Masicheater Examiner announces Mr. Bright's impressions, and his intention,-:-.

With regard to the existing relations between landlord and tenant, we have reason to believe that Mr. Bright has seen enough to convince him of the absolute necessity of a law to give security to the tenant for the improvements he may create; and it is not improbable that, should the Government refuse to legislate on this all-important subject, Mr. Bright will be prepared to bring the matter before Parliament at the opening of next session, backed by influential opinions from all parts of Ireland."

The Earl of Arundel and Surrey is performing a tour through the various districts of Ireland, with the view of making himself thoroughly acquainted with the condition of the agricultural classes.

Mr. Adderley proposes in "two or three brief letters" to the Morning Chronicle, to illustrate by the present noble and unanimous resistance of the Cape colonists to an invasion of their rights, the unreasonableness, the needlessness, and the suicidal tendency of our existing Colonial system: he began the series yesterday, with much spirit.

Mr. S. M. Hawkes and Mr. J. Stansfeld, as joint honorary Secretaries of the Italian Refugee Committee, have published some brief animadver- sions on Lord John Russell's reply to the letter of Mr. Hume. They state that the correspondence was not intended by the Committee to be so semi made public: the Committee were not prepared for a reply of the cha- racter given, and would not have published the reply without adding their protest against its spirit, and their denial of the wholesale imputations against the refugees. The Secretaries aver, that the refugees who were refused a landing were not members of any supposed " circulating society of revolutionists," and were not men of whom even political prejudice could honestly say that it would be "as pleasant an occupation to them to stir up dissensions in Malta as to head a riot in Berlin or in Baden"; in- deed, they were almost entirely Romans or Italians, who had assisted in the defence of Rome against an invasion in which this country has been for- tunate enough to take no part: " least of all can it be justly implied against them, that, by their being permitted to land, they were ' prevented from disturbing Malta '; because it is impossible, in their character or previous conduct, to discover the slightest probability that they would, if allowed to land, have shown themselves capable of such ingratitude or of such con- summate folly as the noble Lord ventured by anticipation to charge against them." Messrs. Hawkes and Stanafeld feel content to leave the subject to the public, satisfied that the arguments to justify the Governor of Malta reflect discredit on those who have used them, rather than the slightest reproach on the defenceless exiles. The Secretaries publish a letter from Signor Agostini, describing the in- cidents of the refusal to allow the landing at Malta. The refugees arrived by the Robin and the Lycnrgua. " In the Robin there were fifty-three refugees, amongst whom were four Deputies of the Roman As- sembly, Andreini, Antinori, myself, and one other; the young Venetian writer Doda; some officers of the army; and the worthy youth Folio, of a highly respect- able family in Bassano, who, at the age of twelve or thirteen, Venetian campaign of 1848, and thence assisted in the defence of Rome, where he had much distinguished himself by his extraordinary valour. There were two invalids, one of whom was wounded in the leg. had served in the

e Their condition was most dreadful. They had only had meat during two days of their seven-days voyage, and only the worst description of food; they were obliged to sleep upon the boards, or upon the coal, and to endure many days of excessive heat, huddled together in the small space allotted to them." The landing was prevented, and a respectful remonstrance was unattended to. " Then some among them—and among others Andreini and myself—sent to en- treat the Governor that he would at least allow us to be shut up in the Lazzaretto, Greven in prison, that we might be able to get some rest, until some vessel should arrive to convey us to some other destination. This also was refused. We then requested that at least the two invalids and the boy Folio might be taken some care of. The physician stated that rest and assistance were necessary for one of the sick men. Nevertheless, two days after, when I left the port; the two inva- lids and poor Folio were still languishing on board the Robin, and were still so many days afterwards, as I am informed by letters since received."

The Malta Mail describes the subsequent treatment of the refugees when admitted to the Lazaretto. They were stretched on coarse mattresses of bad straw; the luxury of tressels and planks to elevate the mattress from the ground being added in only " some instances." The maimed were ill- attended, their " wounds gaping "; all were loathsome from uncleanliness, and a plague of vermin; and many showed by their shrivelled forms the evidences of starvation.

Hecker, the Baden Republican leader, has lately set out for the second time for America; whence he was lately called to take lead in the revolu- tionary struggle that has been put down by the Prussian army. A short time before leaving Havre, he wrote a letter to a friend in Basle, venting his contempt for effete Enropeanism- " With real longing I look towards the far West and my forest solitude, filled with disgust and bitterly undeceived as I tread the old worn-out soil of Europe. A revolution that had such powerful means at its disposal has been crushed. But that notwithstanding these means Baden was left by all the other states to bleed alone—that notwithstanding all the leaders were at the disposal of the Republican party the movement should have been suppressed in a month—these facts alone prove that the great mass of the people lack the true revolutionary enthusiasm and energy, and the leaders that popular spirit and iron will which can alone in- spire men to action. It is with a bitter feeling I cancel twelve years of honest and unceasing exertions and struggles from the tablets of my life, and at thirty- eight begin a new career in the narrow circle of a farmer of the Western States. Bat the separation from former associations becomes easier when I think on what

I have experienced since my arrival in Europe. I have been treated by the police as a vagabond; from some places hunted out; and where my residence was tole- rated, there 1 heard nothing but mutual accusations, one charging another with treachery, cowardice, rascality, and infamy of every kind. I am so wretchedly weary of this empty conflict, of these decaying, police-governed states, that I shall think myself happy when I find myself again, axe in hand, clearing a patch of the back-woods. My account with the Old World is closed. Till this generation passes away, no healthier state of things can arise; and no ge- nerous, able, or honest man will take the helm, because the instant such a one arises a whole herd set upon him, every act and every good intention is sus- pected, and mistrust is sown where there ought to be confidence, perseverance, and energy. Destiny has dealt kindly with me. Had I been again one of the leaders of this unsuccessful movement, my good name would now be sunk as deeply in the mud as that of others; for no epoch of the world's history exhibits, in a time so agitated, such an evident bankruptcy of genius and greatness of cha- racter as the present,—mediocrity, loud speaking, prate, and mouth heroism on every side, right and left. Hungary and Kossuth alone stand like an oasis in the flat and miry waste; and the reason' of their greatness is this—Kossuth leads a half-savage people, a race not unnerved by over-civilization, men accustomed from their youth to ride their wild horses and swing their curved sabres, a people poor and with few wants, strangers to luxury and the effeminating consequences of sensuality, hunting over the wide steppes of their native land. Had Kossuth arisen in Germany, he would have been long ago trampled under foot, or slandered down to the common level."

In the same week which saw this publication, twenty persons were sen- tenced to imprisonment for singing the song that bears Hecker's name. This song is not the only form that the homage to Hecker has taken. It is forbidden to wear a hat of the shape which he and the Free Corps made popular. The Democrats of Baden, aware of the prohibition, have sup- pressed it, and adopted the commonplace narrow brim; but at present the Dutohy is much visited, and many strangers wear the broad bandit-look- ing article, not knowing the penalty they incur—a month's imprisonment. When a member of the Free Corps is dismissed from confinement, (the in- quiry is still going on,) his hat, almost his only moveable possession, is confiscated, and he is turned loose and bareheaded upon the world.

The Gazette notifies the appointment of the following ten persons to be her Majesty's Commissioners for inquiring into those cases which were in- vestigated and reported upon by the Charity Commissioners, but not cer- tified to the Attorney-General. Henry Thomas Earl of Chichester, Henry George Francis Earl of Ducie, Henry Vane, Esq., (commonly called Lord Harry Vane,) John Lord Wharncliffe, Frederick Peel, Esq., Thomas Henry Sotheron, Esq., John Elijah Blunt, Esq., Barrister-at-law, James Hill, Esq., Barrister-at-law, and Henry Kingseote, Esq.

We are authorized to state that the reports which have been circulated that the " Hecate" had been ordered at short notice to the Cape of Good Hope are entirely unfounded. No vessel has been ordered specially for that destination.—Daily Papers.

The Foreign Office has received from the Commodore of the Slave Squadron on the West Coast of Africa, the copy of a letter addressed to him on the 28th of March, by the senior officer of the French naval forces on that coast, declaring that he had established, with an effective force, a belligerent blockade of that part of the West coast of Africa which lies between the rivers of Grand Bassam and Assinee.

The public are promised electric-telegraphing facilities, on the cheap and Popular American model. Messrs. Willmar and Smith of Liverpool have united with Mr. Jacob Brett, the inventor of several electric telegraph im- provements, for the working management of his arrangement. " The Pieces for transmission will be 300 or 400 per cent under those now charged"; the rate of transmission being 200 letters a minute.

Tuesday's Gazette contained an order by the Lords of the Privy Council, renewing, for a farther period of six calendar months from the 25th instant, the order issued on the 28th of September 1848, and renewed for six months on the 27th of March last, for enforcing the provisions of the Nuisances Removal and Prevention of Epidemic Diseases Act.

Lord Carlisle has entered the field of public correspondence on the cho- lera. Observing in the Globe "an elaborate and well-written letter " ad- dressed to himself with the view of establishing the contagiousness of cho-

lera, Lord Carlisle replies, he is "happy to think that the general tenormee the evidence which has reached him is at variance with this view "; and ht is tempted to forward a communication which reached him on the 24th, as head of the Board of Health, " which is so curious and interesting as to merit the attention of all who are investigating the causes and laws of this mysterious visitation." The communication is a letter from Mr. K. B. Martin, Harbourmaster at Ramsgate; who says-

" During the heats of the last days of August, having a considerable body of officers and men under my surveillance, I watched their state and habits with great care and anxiety. I knew they were exposed in no common degree to all the ad- mitted predisposing causes. Some were occasionally at work in a sewer in pro- gress; others in a cofferdam, surrounded by a fetid blue mud, and offensive &til- lage. All were employed in a harbour partially dry at low-water, and with a hot sun liable to exhalations from decomposing marine exushe ; yet, to my great consolation, all these poor men, thus employed, continued well. The exception is extraordinary. The crew of my steam-towing vessel Samson, continually employed in the fresh sea-breeze, when at home living in well- ventilated comfortable houses, temperate in their habits, hale and young; and yet they were attacked, under the following curious and interesting cir- cumstances. At midnight of the 81st of August, the Samson proceeded to the Goodwin Sands, where they were employed under the Trinity agent, assisting in work carried on there by that corporation. While there, at three a. in. on the 1st of September, a hot humid haze, with a bog-like smell, passed over them; and the greater number of the men there employed instantly felt a nausea. They were in two parties. One man at work on the sand was obliged to be carried to the boat; and before they reached the steam-vessel at anchor, the cramps and spasm had supervened upon the vomitings: but here they found two of the party on board similarly affected, and after heaving up the anchor they returned with all the despatch they could to Ramsgate. Hot baths were immediately put in requisition, and by proper medical treatment they were convalescent in a few days. Here, then, is a very marked case, without one known predisposing local cause; while our labourers escaped, surrounded by local and continual disadvan- tages. Doubtless it was atmospheric, and in the hot blast of pestilence which passed over them.

" My men were carried home, where every comfort awaited them, and not a member of their families was infected."

The announcement of Mr. Brittan's very important discovery of micro- seopio objects in the characteristic discharges of cholera patients, has led Dr. Budd, Physician of the Bristol Infirmary, to communicate to the Times more specific information regarding both the first discovery and new results of microscopic examination.

" The peculiar objects in question were first seen by two or three members of a Committee appointed by the Bristol Medico-Chirurgical Society for the micro- scopic observation of subjects connected with cholera. The first drawings of them, together with the great variety of other objects generally to be met with in the' rice water' discharges, were made by Mr. J.G. Swayne and Mr. F. Brit- ten, in the second week in June last. These drawings, together with specimens of ' rice water,' were exhibited at the next meeting of the Committee. At that meeting there were present Mr. J. G. Swayne, Dr. Bernard, Mr. Neeld, Mr. A. Pritchard, and myself. Numerous other drawings of the same kind by Mr. J. G. Swayne and Mr. Britten were laid shortly afterwards before the Bristol Medico- Chirurgical Society. [Dr. Britten, with "a desire to keep the whole account rigidly correct," has stated that the Committee was appointed on the 7th July, and the drawings were shown on the 10th July.]

" The laborious observations subsequently made by Mr. Britten and Mr. Swayne, and laid from time to time, without reservation, before the Bristol Medieo-Chirurgical Society, though not enforced by any arguments to that effect, certainly did much to show that some very important relation existed between these bodies and malignant cholera. The presumption thus raised was much strengthened by the very important discovery subsequently made by Mr. Britten, and reserved for separate publication, of the constant presence of objects of the same kind in the air of infected places. " Shortly afterwards, and being at the time aware of this discovery, I detected the same organisms in great numbers in almost every specimen of drinking water which I was enabled to obtain from cholera districts. First, in the drink- ing water from Wellington Court, Redcross Street, where cholera first broke out (with any violence) in Bristol; subsequently, in the water of the Float, and in the drinking water from King Street in the same city; since then, again, in London, in water from Lovegrove Street, and from the Surrey Canal; and lastly, in drinking-water from the Stapleton Workhouse; being all places where, at the time the water was obtained, cholera was making dreadful havoc.

"This led me to examine a great number of specimens of water from healthy quarters; and although I often found in it a good deal of matter of various kinds, organic and other, in no single instance did I see anything resembling the peculiar bodies in question.

" These considerations, and others which it would take too much space to men- tion here, have led me to the following conclusions—

"1. That the cause of malignant cholera is a living organism of distinct specter.

" 2. That this organism, which seems to be of the fungus tribe, is taken, by the act of swallowing, into the intestinal canal, and there becomes infinitely multiplied by the self-propagation which is characteristic of living beings.

"3. That the presence and propagation of these organisms in the Intestinal canal; and the action they there exert, are the cause of the peculiar flex which is character- istic of malignant cholera, and which, taken with its consequences, immediate and re- mote, constitutes the disease.

" 4. That the new organisms are developed only in the human intestine. " 5. That these organisms are disseminated through society : lot, In the air, in the form of impalpable particles; 2d, In contact with articles of food ; and 3d, and princi- pally, in the drinking-water of Infected places.

"6. That these organisms may probably be preserved for a long time in the air with their powers unimpaired; but that in water, which Is doubtless the chief vehicle for their diffusion, they soon undergo decay, and moreover—sharing In this the common fate of their tribe—become the prey of beings of a higher order.

"It would be out of place to state here the evidence on which these several conclusions are founded. It will be enough to mention, that this evidence has been placed in the hands of the President of the College of Physicians, and will soon be published. " The conclusions, taken together, enable us to account for all the chief phmno- mena of the disease, and actually to show that these phenomena must necessarily happen as the direct consequence of such conditions.

Dr. Budd deduces, perhaps somewhat rapidly, rules of practical guidance, whereby we may, if not " stay the plague," yet "much abridge its sojourn among us." The objects are twofold- " 1, To destroy from this time forward all the poison which continues to be generated in the bodies of infected persons; and 2, to prevent, as far as possible, the poison which has already escaped us from taking effect. " The first of these objects may be attained by the simplest means. All that is required, in fact, is to receive henceforth the discharges from the sick into some chemical fluid known to be fatal to beings of the fungus tribe. And among che- mical agents, a thousand are known which accomplish the destruction of beings of this tribe with unerring certainty.

"Nothing more is necessary, therefore, than to choose among theseagents the cheapest and the most convenient. This is a matter of detail which might easily be settled but which I will not undertake at once to decide; contenting myself merely with suggesting that, on both grounds, the solution of chloride of oleattesse. strong recommendations, it it should be found, as 1 believe it °Ad, ffe: s, fir the endin view. ,eme Second object, that of preventing the poison which has already been cast kose.from taking effect, is more difficult to accomplish. Butfor this, too, a great deal may be done. "As water is the principal channel through which this poison finds its way into the human body, (a fact already established by the researches of Dr. Snow, and of the discovery of which he must have the whole merit,) so is the procuring pure water for drink the first and most effectual means of preventing its action. Be- sides these, there are other things to be done, which, although of minor import- ance, should not be neglected. Such are the whitewashing of all houses in which the disease has occurred, and the destruction or purification of tainted articles." Dr. Brittan's "report of a series of Microscopical Investigations on the Pathology of Cholera" is published in the yesterday's number of the London Medical Gazette. It distinctly states the whole results of Dr. Brittan's observations, and the text is illustrated by wood cuts. The fungoids appear to be a sort of disc, with a cupped form, and be calls them "annular bodies." He uniformly detected them in the effusions of cholera patients, both from the stomach and intestines; with one exception, namely, in cases where the progress of the disease bad been very rapid. In such cases, where he had an opportunity of examining the in- testines, "these bodies were found adhering to the mucous membrane, in shreds of white matter, and very abundant." He condensed about a dram of moisture from the atmosphere of a room whence five patients had been re- moved on the previous day to the cholera hospital: he found the annular bodies in that fluid. Dr. Brittan wishes the phmnomena to be observed separately from any conclusions which he has inevitably formed; and to that end he reserves his conclusions for exposition in a future paper.

In a paper on " Dr. Brittan's Cholera Views," the Medical Times ad- vances some useful strictures on the mischief of rash conclusions.

"Apart from any investigations into the nature and structure of these bodies, the following points strike us as being preliminary inquiries which must be set- tled before we can venture even to surmise that these fungi are the cause of cholera-1. Are they present in all cholera stools? 2. Are they present in all cholera localities? 3. Are they absent from the discharges in all other diseases? 4. Are they absent in all localities where there is no cholera? If these questions were all answered in the affirmative, we should then have arrrived at thie, point: the presence of a cholera fungus would prove to us the existence of certain causes which produce cholera, in the same way as the presence of the yeast-plant proves the action of the causes which produce fermentation. But as the yeast- plant is merely an index of the extent of the fermentation, and a token of that com- plex interchange of elements, which arising as far as we know from deeper forces, produces that torula as one of its necessary results, so also these fungi may be merely the material evidences of those more recondite and subtile forces which call these elementary germs into life, at the moment while they strike the more complex organisms with death."

It is but fair to remark, that the writer of this passage had probably not seen Dr. Britten's own report, which in part anticipates the questions sug- gested, and most emphatically marks Dr. Brittan's abstinence from prema- ture conclusions.

The Daily News publishes an interesting paper on the impurity of the Well waters on the South side of the river, by Messrs. George Simpson, F. A. Abel, and E. Chambers Nicholson, Nos. 1 and 2 Kennington Road. The gteat amount of mortality in the district of St. Mary's Newington had excited ettentione. and they were induced to make an analysis of the various public well waters-1n the immediate neighbourhood, willed' frail their supposed purity compared with Thames water are in common tie for domestic purposes."

" We give you the result of these examinations, fully impressed with the im- portance of making public the impure and deleterious qualities of these waters. The wells are in all cases very shallow, generally from twelve to fifteen feet deep, being just below the level of the common sewer; and the soil consists at that depth of a loose sand: which readily accounts for the various salts and foreign matters found in the waters; the soil acting precisely as an ordinary filter, retain- ing the solid matters of the various cesspools and drains, and allowing clear solu- tions of the same to pass into the wells. "The waters are all alkaline to test-paper, generally perfectly free from colour, and of a bright appearance; they afford on qualitative analysis, sulphates, chlo- rides, phosphates, nitrates, and carbonates of the alkalies, potass, soda, and am- monia, with lime, magnesia, and silica, besides organic matter. These ingredients at once point to the source of impurity; being, in addition to those found in ordi- nary spring or river water, the same as exist in urinary and excrementitious de- posits. The difference between these waters and those from the Thames or the Artesian wells in Trafalgar Square may be summed up under three heads. 1st, A much larger amount of saline substances, especially sulphates and phosphates, with -nitrates; the latter never found in pure or wholesome waters. 2d, In con- taining ammoniacal salts. 3d, In the enormous amount of organic matter."

A handsome silver snuffbox has been given by a number of passengers to Peter Ashley, an engine-driver of the Norivich and Yarmouth Railway " in token of the of mind and promptitude of action shown by him at Thorpe on the 7th Sep on the occurrence of an accident to the train he had charge of.

A method of wall-painting has been invented at Berlin, by a M. Fuchs, which _promises to supersede the difficult al fresco process. It is also stated to be much more-durable, and more adapted to the changes of a Northern climate than the Italian method. An experiment was made a year ago to test the power of the colours to resist a very destructive agent, the result of which has been just ascer- tained. Last September, a portrait on stone was painted according to the new precede by Kaulbach, and given for trial to the director of the Royal Museum. It has ever since been deposited in a chimney, exposed to a twelvemonth's smoke, and when removed it was covered by a thick coating of soot, that was only re- moved with difficulty; but the painting beneath is uninjured, and the colours clear and bright—Correspondent of the Times.

The Osservatore Romano states that a very important inscription on stone, ' calinlated to throw great light upon several ancient dates, has been discovered at Borne, near the Forum of Trajan.

Some experiments in stockade fortification have been made on Rat Island in Port-Ainonth Harbour, under the direction of Captain Chads, for the instruction of the officers sad cadets in the Excellent gunnery-ship and the students of the Royal Na- val Cedlegt ":The experiments were on a stockade made of some of the oak timbers of her Majesty's trig Curlew, lately broken up in this dockyard ; against which a charge of live pounds of gunpowder in a flannel cartridge was placed. on the ground, close to the bottom of the defence, which was fired by four feet of Bick- ford's match. The stockade stood the shock and was not in the leaat injured. A charge of ten pounds of powder, similarly enveloped, was neat hung about three feet from the ground and fired in like manner, and with a similar result. A third trial was then.made with five pounds of powder, in a flannel cartridge, over which a large bag of sand, weighing about 120 pounds, was put, which was fired in the same manner as the former. This blew down three planks of the stockade, and threw the fragments in all directions, some of the splinters being blown a con- siderable .dietance." During this year, to the 1st instant, the number of bathers at the Goldstar' Square model baths was 82,269, and the weekly receipts 301. 5s. 4d. This is a great increase over the numbers at preceding periods.

The lead mines of North Derbyshire, after being for some time partially ne- glected, are now fully worked.—Sheffield Times.

Rhode Island has within her limited territory 163 cotton mills, consuming an- nually 560,000 bales of cotton, and manufacturing 70,000,000 yards of cloth.-- New York Courier.

The new five-franc pieces of the French Republic, of which 200,000 have already been coined, have come into circulation. On one side is a figure of a female repre- senting the Republic, crowned with flowers, &c., with the word " Concord" on the forehead, and as a legend the words " Republique Fransaise "- on the other side, are two palms forming a crown, and the words " Liberte, Egalite, Fraternite."

A female sailor has been discovered at Cork. She came to Ireland as seaman in a vessel from America ; while going to Cove in a steamer, to receive her wages, the master of the steam-boat suspected her sex, and on her return told her so. At first she denied the impeachment, but soon after admitted it. Taken before the Magistrates, she stated that her name was Abigail Lindsey, and that her father was a spar-maker in St. John's, New Brunswick: eight years ago she was seduced by the master of a vessel, who soon after deserted her: after a long in- terval, having heard nothing of him, she resolved to go on board a ship as a sailor, in the hope of some day meeting her seducer and having revenge: for five years she had been serving on board ships as cook or seaman: she once saw the man she was in search of, on a quay in London; but her vessel was preparing to sail—if she had got near him she would have stabbed him. Such was the wo- man's story. She was ordered to be lodged in the Bridewell,. till inquiries could be made with a view to sending her home. Abigail Lindsey is a masculine-look, um woman ; she states her age to be twenty-three, but appears four or five years older. On the whole, she is a striking and good-looking person—for a man. A. subscription was to be made for her.

A human skeleton has been discovered in an empty rum hogshead, which had been lying undisturbed in one of the warehouses of the London Docks for many years.

The atmosphere [at Brighton] on Saturday afternoon was singularly clear, though the sky was covered with clouds, so as to exclude the rays of the sun, ex- cept here and there a small patch. The writer of this paragraph was taking a walk on the enter part of the race-course, and on looking back towards the town. was surprised to find the Isle of Wight appearing with as much distinct- ness as the ordinary aspect of Worthing from the Brighton cliffs. The high ground of the New Forest, beyond Southampton Water, [fifty miles off at least, as the bird flies,] was also as plainly discernible as is usually High Down Hill, beyond Worthing, when viewed from Brighton. A shepherd, who had spent on these hills nearly the whole of ,fifty years, which constituted the duration of his life, declared that he had never seen the island so distinctly.—Brighton Gazette.

Results of the Registrar-General's return of mortality in the Metropolis for the week ending on Saturday last—

• .• • 9 .... 7 .... 3 20 .... 23 42 .... 25 52 .... 3 • .• 42

12 .... 36

Total (including unspecified causes) 1961 1003

The temperature of the thermometer ranged from 81.0° in the sun to 32.8° im the shade ; the mean temperature by day being colder than the average mean temperature by L2°. The mean direction of the wind for the week was North- east.

" The mortality from cholera has rapidly declined. The deaths from all causes registered in London in the three weeks ending September 22 were 3,160, 2,842 i and 1,981. The decrease has been exclusively in the cholera deaths; which were 2,026, 1,682, and 839, in the three' weeks. The deaths from cholera, which in the first week of September were 300 and 400 a day, fell on the 19th to 110, and have since not exceeded 123.

" It may be useful to point out now the remarkable effects of locality on the fatality of the epidemic, although the proportions may yet be altered by subse, quent deaths. "London is divided into 36 districts for registration purposes, and the districts are subdivided into 135 sub-districts.. The population was enumerated in 1841, and the nearest approximation that can be easily given to the actual population is obtained by assuming that the population increased in 1841-9 at the same rate AS from 1831 to 1841. Dividing- the deaths from cholera in the thirteen weeks ending September 15, 1849, by the population thus estimated, the following res stilts are arrived at, and cannot be far from the truth. More than 5 in 1,000 of the inhabitants of London died of cholera ; the more accurate proportion was 53- in 10,000 inhabitants. From all causes the mortality was 116, a rate which is equivalent to an annual rate of 4.64 per cent: 35 in 10,000 of the inhabitants en the North side of the Thames died of cholera; 104 in 10,000 of the inhabitants on the South side of the Thames died of cholera. The mortality was therefore three times as great on the South as it was on the North side of the river. Taking 10,000 inhabitants as the basis of comparison in each district, the mortality ranged from 8 in Hampstead to 225 in Rotherhithe.

" The large North districts extend from the Edgeware Road to the river Lee: the mortality was, for Marylebone, 15; St. Pancras, 17; Islington, 20; Hack- ney, 15.

" The middle districts, extending in a _curve from Kensington to Bethnal Greene present generally a much higher rate of mortality; yet there are remarkable ex- ceptions. The mortality in Kensington district, including Paddington and Pel- ham, was 19; St. James Westminster, only 12; St. Giles' 48; Holborn, aft Clerkenwell,' 15 (5 less than Islington); St. Luke, 30; Shorediteb, 65; Bethnal Green, 75. St. James Westminster is-a- wealthy parish; the houses were rated -at 691. on an average in 184.1. The Rookery and other bad streets contributed among other things to raise the mortality of St. Giles district to 48. Clerkeir well, extending across the higher part of, the New Road to Pentetuville, has lost only 15 in 10,000; St. Luke double the. proportion. " The river-aide districts of the North present a higher rate of mortality from cholera than the corresponding districts of the middle and outside range. Chel- sea lost 42 in 10,000 inhabitants ; Kensington we have seen, 19; St. George, Hanover Square, extending from Oxford Street to the river, lost only 14 in 10,000; and 71 out of the 106 deaths were in the Belgrave sub-district. The mortality (57) was high with less than half the-population in the low Westminster district; St Martin-in,the-Fields and the Strand districts rising fast from the banks of the river lost 27 and 31 in 10,000; the City of London within the walls, 33; the London City, East district, 38; the West district., traversed by the Fleet Ditch, 70 or 128, acsot,iizigg]y,as we include or exclude the deaths in St. Ba,thcleencws Hospital. At the &ea epidemic these deaths may be disyyp4tfa over ""e

Number or Summer.

Deaths. Average.

Zymotic Diseases 1291 .... 302 Dropsy, Cancer, and other diseases of uncertain or variable seat 32 .... 40 Tubercular Diseases 169 .... 190 Diseases of the Brain, Spinal Marrow, Nerves, and Senses 132 .. . 119 Diseases of the Heart and Blood-vessels

Diseases of the Lungs, and of the other Organs of Respiration 97 .... 61

Diseases of the Stomach, Liver, and other Organs of Digestion 52 .... 76

Diseases of the Kidneys, &c 11 .... 11

Childbirth, diseases of the Uterus, Ac Rheumatism, diseases of the Bones, Joints, 3c Diseases of the Skin, Cellular Tissue, 2c Malformations Premature Birth Atrophy Age Sudden Violence, Privation, Cold, and Intemperance

districts from which the patients were brought; in the mean time, the mortality of the City from cholera must lie between 43 and 57. Whitechapel lost 50; St. George in the East, Stepney, and Poplar, 35, 40, 67, the mortality here being in- sersely as the density of the population. " Opposite the City and Whitechapel, lie on the other side the Thames, St. Saviour, St. Olave, and St. George, Southwark, where the mortality was 141, 151, 142: further East the mortality rises to 163 in Bermondsey; and in Rother- bithe, intersected by stagnant water, reaches the maximum 225 in 10,000, or 2* per cent. It will be observed that on the North bank, opposite Bermondsey and Dotherhithe, the deaths from cholera were only 35 and 40 in 10,000; yet the ordinary rate of mortality in St. George-in-the-East is 2.89, and of Rotherhithe 257 per cent. The mortality of Greenwich, including Deptford and Woolwich, was 61 in 10,000; Camberwell and Newington, 88 and 125—less than the mor- tality of districts on the South river side, but much higher than even Shoreditch and Bethnal Green. The Lambeth district extends from the Thames to Nor- wood; over this great area and population the average mortality was 97 in 10,000. The mortality from cholera of the river-side parts of Lambeth is as high as the mortality of St. Saviour, St. Olave, &c. The parts on the South side of the river where the cholera has prevailed with so much violence are below the Trinity high-water mark. At Norwood there were only 2 deaths by cholera; at Dulwich, in Camberwell district, none; at Eltham, 3; Sydenham, 5, in Lewisham district: so that the mortality from cholera on the high ground, and in the outer districts of Surrey on the South side the Thames, was as low as in Hampstead, Kentish Town, Stoke Newington, and Stamford Hill." The daily returns show that the decrease is continuous. In London the deaths registered from Monday to Thursday, each included, were, by cholera 102, 79, 69, and 65; by diarrhoea 42, 33, 23, and 24. In the Provinces, from Monday to yes- terday, both included, the returns have been, by cholera 533, 336, 331,321, and 321; by diarrlicea, 173, 76, 141, 98, and 95. Scotland maintains its immunity from death by diarrhoea: the deaths by cholera were thus registered from Monday toyesterday-21, 21, 25, 51, 27, and 24.