Iftiscellantous.

It is probable that the Reverend W. Jacobson, of Magdalen Hall, will succeed Dr. Hampden in the chair of the Regius Professor of Divinity.—Morning Chro- nicle.

The death of Rear-Admiral Shirref, who sack, this week, under the effect of severe cold, creates a vacancy in the post of Superintendent of Portsmouth Dock- yard.

The Canadian papers announce the decease of Sir Richard Henry Bonny- castle, late Lieutenant-Colonel commanding the Royal Engineers in Kingston,

and for many years the chief officer of that department in Western Canada. He died on the 12th November. Sir Richard served with distinction at the siege of Flushing in 1808, in the American war from 1812 to 1815, and was at the cap- ture of Castine and other places on the coast during the war; served with the Duke of Wellington's army in France from 1815 to 1818; was the author of works on " Spanish America," the " Canadas in 1841," and "Newfoundland in 1842." Sir Richard had recently retired from active service, intending to reside permanently in Upper Canada, in whose Militia he held the rank of Colonel. He was greatly esteemed by the inhabitants of every class.

The Gazette of Tuesday announces three appointments to Colonial Governor- ships: Mr. JamesBrooke is formally created Governor and Commander-in-chief of Labuan and its dependaneies; Mr. Samuel George Bonham is appointed Go- vernor and Commander-in-chief of Hong-kong; Mr. George Rennie is to be Go- vernor and Commander-in-chief of the Falkland Islands.

A Cabinet Council, of three hours' duration, was held at Lansdowne House on Saturday afternoon.

A circular has been issued from Downing Street, instructing the authorities in the Colonies that the Roman Catholic Prelates are henceforward to be addressed by the proper titles appertaining to their rank in their own church, but they are not to be designated by the local titles derived from the name of the sees which they hold: thus, the Roman Catholic Archbishop of New South Wales will be ad- dressed as the "Most Reverend Archbishop Polding," and not the "Most Reverend Archbishop of Australia."

Tuesday's Gazette contained a Treasury warrant detailing certain postal ar- rangements between Great Britain and Lubeck, to take effect from the let January next. Newspapers and periodicals, if posted in the United Kingdom, are to be taken to Lubeck, either direct or via Hamburg, free. Posted in Lubeck for Great Britain, either direct or vii Hamburg, the charge is to be id. The same rate is to be charged on similar periodicals sent to or from the British Co- lonies and foreign countries through the United Kingdom or Lubeck. Periodicals not of daily publication are to pay on a weight of 2 ounces 4d., 3 ounces 6S, up to 16 ounces 2d. more: above 16 ounces, the letter rate of postage is to be charged. Prices current, commercial lists, &c., are to pay ld., if printed in the language of the country in which they are published, and sent open at the ends: nothing but the name and address, however, is allowed to be either printed or written on them.

The English Post-office having charged full postage on letters transmitted from the United States in the American steamer Washington, the Postm ,ster- General of the Republic has issued an order for terminating the arrangements respecting the transit of British mails through the United States: after the 16th of last month, all "mail matter" passing through the United States was to pay the United States postage in full.

The Postal Congress representing Austria, Prussia, Bavaria, Saxony, Hano- ver, Tour and Taxis, and several other Principalities of Germany, has resolved that the postage of a single letter, not weighing more than half an ounce, should be, within the union, for a distance of six leagues' 2 krentzers (10.); for a dis- tance of twenty leagues, 5 krentzers (3+1.); and for any distance beyond twenty leagues, ten krentzers (Thd.) An official circular from the Admiralty directs a new undress naval uniform, which is to consist of a surtont frock-coat, of bine cloth, double-breasted, with lace on the cuffs to mark the rank ; such coats for Admirals may bear epaulettes; those for other officers will be without epaulettes.

The commercial annals of the Metropolis still record more failures. On Saturday the suspension of Messrs. Sargent, Gordon, and Co., produce- brokers, of Mincing Lane, was made known in the following circular-

" We regret exceedingly to inform you, that owing to the continued pressure of the times, and the failure of so many of our constituents, we are compelled to suspend our payments. A statement of our affairs shall be immediately prepared, and laid before all who are interested, on an early day." The liabilities of the firm are set down at 150,0001., of which 80,0001. consist of acceptances. Large advances to Messrs. Lackersteen and Co.' and other Indian and Mauritius houses, are mentioned as the cause of the failure; and hopes are entertained of a tolerably favourable liquidation. On the same day, Messrs. Leaf, Barnett, Scotson, and Co., of Wood Street, put forward a circular announcing their failure and its causes- " It Is with feeings of deep regret that we acquaint you of our Inability to meet our engagements falling due in the ensuing month, and of the consequent necessity we are under of suspending our payments. The difficulties of the money-market, combined with the almost unexampled stagnation of trade, have forced us Into this painful exi- gency. Nevertheless, we have the satisfaction of assuring our friends, that we rely With confidence on befog able ultimately to discharge in full every demand upon us • and that nothing but a degree of loss very far exceeding that which usually attends the; compulsory realization of property of the like description to that of which cur assets chiefly consist can lead to a different result."

The assets are said to be 100,0001. against 75,0001. liabilities.

On Thursday, Messrs. William Pemberton and Co., Canada merchants, and Messrs. Charles Trueman and Co., of the Mediterranean trade, suspended pay- ments: liabilities in the former case, 30,0001. or 40,0001.; in the latter, a small amount.

At Liverpool, Messrs. Joshua Edwards and Co., wool-brokers, and Messrs. Brownrigg, Miner' and Co., an East India house, whose trade was carried on ex- clusively with Bombay, have suspended payments; liabilities and assets not stated. Letters from Glasgow give an unfavourable estimate of the winding up of the

affairs of Messrs. A. and J. Downie. " The estate," it is said, " will be a very pees one—probably not more than 2s. to 3s. in the pound. The amount is supposed to be 200,0001., a great portion of which being local, its effect will be more felt than any failure that has lately taken place." At Bayonne, M. Charles D4troyat, the banker, has failed. K Sigart, the banker of Mons, has followed his compeer, M. Hennekine Briard. Advices from Brussels state the suspension of the banking firm of Messrs. Gros. jean Nephews. No particulars are given. The Antwerp papers notice the suspension of Richter and Co., manufacturers at Prague. The debts and liabilities of the house are estimated at about 500,000 florins.

Witterstein and Co., of Barmen, in Rhenish Prussia, who lately suspended pay- ments, have just been declared bankrupts by the Tribunal of Commerce of Bar_ men. They bad extensive relations with America, and carried on a sugar re- finery, a dyeing establishment, and a spinning manufactory, which occupied about two thousand workmen. Their liabilities are estimated at one million dollars.

The city of Lyons some time ago advertised for a loan of 1,900,000 francs at five per cent, and fixed the 25th instant to receive offers; but no tender was pro. seated, and consequently the loan was not taken. No incident of the kind, it is believed, ever before occurred at Lyons.—Galignanis Messenger.

Mr. Thomas Carlyle has enriched the December number of Fraser's Magazine with " thirty-five unpublished letters of Oliver Cromwell," _placed at his disposal,

with extraordinary precaution and some mystery, by an Unknown Correspondent, who at the opening of the correspondence possessed, but subsequently destroyed, the originals ! Mr. Carlyle vouches for the undoubted genuineness of the letters;

and their story, as told by him with amusing quaintness, is not the least interesting feature of the publication. The letters relate wholly to the early part of Oliver'i career—" to that obscure period, hitherto vacant or nearly so in all histories, while Colonel Cromwell ' still fought and struggled in the Eastern Association, under Lord Grey of Groby, under the Earl of Manchester, or left much to his own shifts; and was not yet distinguished by the public from a hundred other Colonels." A few are addressed to " dear friends," members of certain Associations of that time; but the far greater number are to Mr. Samuel Squire, successively Cornet, "An, ditor," and Lieutenant. They are full of business—the every-day business in which Cromwell was engaged; and in their decisive directness to the matter in hand, often remind us of a great military letter-writer now living. What a ca- pital hand Cromwell's would have been for quick despatch of " difficulties " that our fine gentlemen find unmanageable ! We subjoin some extracts—

March 1641. "It Is not improbable that the King may go through Huntingdon on his way to Stamford. Pray keep all steady, and let no peace be broken. Beg of all to be silent ; or it may mar our peaceable settling this sad business. Such as are on the County Array bid go ; all of you protect, at cost of life, the King from harm, or foul usage by word or deed,—as you love the Cause."

1642. " Verily I do think the Lord Is with me ! I do undertake strange things, yet do I go through with them, to great profit and gladness, and fertherance of the Lord's great Work. I do feel myself lifted on by a strange force, I cannot tell why."

"Let the Sadler see to the Horse-gear. I learn, from one, many are ill-served. If a man has not good weapons, horse and harness, he is as nought. I pray you order this. And tell Bainaborough, I shall see to that matter of his ; but do not wrong the fool."

November 1642. "I have not at this moment five pieces by me; loan I can get none ; and without money a man Is as nought. Pray now, open thy pocket, and lend me 150 pewee until my rent-day, when 1 will repay,—or say 100 pieces until that Pray send me them by Alister your Music ; he is a cannons man."

1642. " I have 111 news of the men under my Son ; tell him from me I must not have it."

1642. " I have no great mind to take Montague's word about that Farm. I learn, behind the oven is the plate they hide them [the arms] ; so watch well, and take what the man leaves ;—and hang the fellow out of band, and I am your warrant. For he shot a Boy at Stilton Bee by the Spinney, the Widow's son, her only support: so God and man must rejoice at his punishment."

1643. " Tell Berry to ride in, also Montague ; and cut home, as no mercy ought to be shown those rovers, who are only robbers and not honourable. soldiers.—Call at Cosey ( ?) I learn he has got a case of arms- down; fetch them off; also his bar- ness,—It Iles in the wall by his bed-head : fetch it off; but move not his old weapons of his Father's or his family trophies. Be tender of this, as you respect my wishes of one Gentleman to another.

1643. " 1 shall require a new Pot [kind of helmet) ; mine is ill set. Buy me one in Tower Street; a Fleming sells them, I think his name Is Vandeleur : get oneflutecl, and good barren; and let the plume-case be set on well behind. I would prefer it lined with good ahamoy leather to any other."

"I will boy your Spanish Headpiece you showed me; I will give you five *editor It, and my Scots one : at all rates, I will fain have it 1643. "The Pay of the three Troops Is come down; therefore come over by twelve tomorrow and see to it. I can hear nothing of the man that was sent to me out of Std- folk and Essex. I fear he Is gone off with the money. If so, our means are straitened beyond my power to redeem; so must beg of you to lend me 200 Pieces more, to pay them ; and 1 will give you the order on my Farm at Stem as security, if Parliament fail payment, which I much doubt of

" I got the money out of Norfolk last Friday : it came, as usual, ill : and Iles at my Son's quarters safely : also the Hertfordshire money also, which lies at his quar- ters also. The money which was got from the man at Boston Is all gone: I had to pay 20 per eentum for the changing it, and then take Orders on certain you know of, which will reduce It down to barely 601. In the 100 ;—which is hard case on us who strive, thus to lose our hard earnings by men who use only pens, and have no danger of life Of limb to go through."

1643. "To Mr. Waters, at the Cross Keys : These in all speed. If no more be done than you and yours have done, it is well you give over such powers as you have to those who will. I say to you now my mind thereto : If I have not that aid which ta My due, I say to you I will take it. And so heed me ; for I end your words are mere wind ; I shall do as I say, if I and no aid come to me by Tuesday."

1643. "Do you ride Over to Swaffbam, and buy Oats for 2,000 horse : we shall res quire as many, to come on to Ga,ywood, by order, as needed. .41so see to the Hay; and let your servants see well that no imposition is practised. I must Insist on due weight and measure for man and horse ; or let the chapmen look to their backs and pouches I I stand no rogue's acts here, if they are tolerated in London. I will have my pennyworth for my penny." 1643. " Buy of Mr. Teryer a case of strong waters for me and tell the Bailiff te order on such Volunteers as we can : we need all we can get. And get a cask of cured fish for me. Do not fall sending on, with good speed, the cannons ; we stay for them."

1643. " I think I have heard you say that you had a relation In the Nunnery at Loughborough. Pray, If you love her, remove her speedily, and I send you a pass,—as we have orders to demolish it, and I must not dispute orders. There is one of the An- drews' in ft: take her away. Nay, give them heed to go if they value themselves. I had rather they did. I like no war on women. Pray prevail on all to go, if you,can. I shall be with you at Oundle in time." Squire has written on the other side—" Got my Cousin Mary and Miss Andrews out, and left them at our house at l'hrapstone, with my Aunt, same night ; and the troop! rode over, and wrecked the Nunnery by order of Parliament."

1643. " It is no use any man's saying he will not do this or that. What is to be done ts no choice of mine. Let it be sufilcient it Is the Parliament's orders, and we to obey them. I am surprised at. Montague to say so. Show him this If the men are not of a mind to obey this order, I will cashier them, the whole troop. I heed God's House as much as any man: but vanities and trumpery give no honour to God, not Idols serve film ; neither do painted windows make them more pious." "I learn your troops refuse the new coats [red uniforms, used by the Parliament sot• therefor the first slme, todistinguish them from the King's men]. Say this : Wear them, or go home. I stand no nonsense from any one. it Is a needful thing we be as one IS colour ; much ill having been from diversity of clothes, to slaying of friends by friends. Sir, I pray you heed this."

One fatal case of Asiatic cholera is reported from Malta, as having occurred on board the French steam-boat Molitor, lying in the harbour of Valetta. The Men- tor has been ordered to Marseilles to perform quarantine.

The influenza, now raging in the Metropolis, is felt to a great distance; the most grievous lamentations coming from Scotland, Russia, and Marseilles. • In Sestet

land, whole schools and colleges have suspended their labours; and the churches have been deserted : at Glasgow, 70 Policemen were laid up with fever and influenza out of 480. In Russia, the malady is very fatal. At Miuseilles precautionary measures of unusual severity are taken; the influenza being regarded there as the immediate forerunner of the cholera.

Yellow fever has broken out to an alarming extent on board the Syren, of 18 guns, serving on the coast of Africa. The First lieutenant (Mr. Probert) and six men bad died already, and there were ten cases in the hospital.

Experiments with chloroform, both inmases of surgical operations and obste- trics:have been tried in the hospitals of London and Paris, with complete success. In Paris it has been tried 'in a case of tetanus, and had a decided influence, the muscles losing their rigour, and becoming supple; but the convulsive rigour re- turned after each dose, and there was no prospect of a final cure. Even this par- till success, however, has treated-mach interest.

The Swabian Mercury states the number of persons who emigrated from Prussia between the 1st of October 1844-and the 30th of September 1845 to have been 9,239; who carried with them capital to the estimated amount of 1,681,000 thalers. In the corresponding period of 1846, the number of emigrants was 16,662; and the amount of capital taken out of the country by them 2,516,000 thalers.

The Rhine is at present so low that navigation is entirely interrupted except for row-boats.

Intelligence has been received from the enterprising travellers the brothers D'Abbadie, who have been for so many years exploring in Abyssinia and the ad- jacent countries. Their last letter is dated from Gondar, on the 10th of May lest. Amongst other discoveries, the Messieurs D'Abbadie have correctly ascer- tained the sources of the White Mill. The principal source lies in 7 degrees 40' 50" North latitude. The brothers intended to return to Egypt, but were detained by the disordered state of the country.

The American colony. of Monrovia, consisting chiefly of free Negroes placed on the coast of Africa.by the Colonization Society of the United States, has declared itself a free and independent republic I

A few days before the mail left-Philadelphia, Mr. J. Kelly, a young man, was wantonly shot through the head and killed, by one or more of the members of a ruffian society in that city, called the Skinners. There are several other such so- cieties in the lower part of Philadelphia.

A volcano bad broken out on the Look-out Mountain, Georgia; and many of the inhabitants were leaving the vicinity.

Quoting a contemporary of the Far West, the St. Louis ...Era describes a terrible adventure in the Prairies. " The Hamad- Gazette says, that young Houston, one of the Marion volunteers, was lost on the way from Santa Fe, in a singular manner. We are told that when a bunter rides into a herd of buffaloes, it is often the case that they become frightened, and the whole mass starts with furious speed for the mountains, and there is no way to get out but to keep the same speed, and work your way gradually from among them; to halt would be certain death, as the mass would pass over and crush you; and hunters are often carried seven and ten miles before they can disentangle themselves from the headlong herd. In this way Mr. Houston. disappeared. When last seen, he was flying over the plain, endeavouring to make his way out of a drove of several thousand, and has not been heard of since."

It is stated as a scientific fact not yet accounted for, that the electric telegraph will not work in the summit tunnel of the Manchester, Sheffield, and Lincolnshire Railway. This tunnel was one of the severest pieces of boring that has been exe- cuted, and is the longest.of English tunnels, not excepting that of Box on the Great. Western.

The Danish brig Industrie, arrived in a leaky state at Falmouth, reported that the abandoned ship the Lady Kennaway had been fallen in.with by the Industrie and the Naiaden of Copenhagen. Boats were sent on board, and they found every thing in confusion: after this.disorder had been in some degree repaired, a temporary rudder was made with spars, and the Danish vessels towed the India- man by turns for thirty hours. The leaky state of the Industrie made it neces- sary for that ship to hasten to port; but some of the people and sails were left in the Lady Kennaway, which the Naiaden was to endeavour to bring to Falmouth. The master of the Industrie said there was only eighteen inches of water in the English ship. The Indiaman was towed into Plymouth, on Thursday, by the Queen's steamer Confiance.

A letter from Darmstadt of the 24th November, gives an account of the post 'Norton examination of the Countess of Goerlitz, who was murdered in that city. The-medical men are of opinion, that after she was strangled an inflammable liquid was thrown over the head and upper part of the body, and set on-fire to conceal the marks of strangulation, and that this operation was frequently re- peated. No traces of poison were found in the body.

Results of the Registrar-Generarstreturn of mortality in the Metropolis for the week ending on Saturday last- Zymot.ic (or Epidemic, Endemic, and Contagious) Diseases Dropsy, Cancer, and other diseases of Uncertain or variable seat Diseases of the Brain, Spinal Marrow, Nerves, and geese. Diseases of Lunge, sad of the other Organs of Respiration Diseases of the Heart and Bleod-resselk . Diseases of the Stomach, Liver, and other Organs of 'Digestion Diseases of the Kidneys, &c. Childbirth, diseases of the Literus, de. Rheumatism, dimities of the Bones, Joints, de.

Diseases of the Skin, Cellular Tissue, de •

Old Age Violence, Privation, Cold, and Intemperance Total (including unspecified causes) 1046

The comparison of the deaths registered last week in London with the deaths which would have been registered if the rate or mortality had been the same as itt Dorsetshire, shows these totals—London, 1677; Dorsetaire, 659; excess, 1018. The lowest temperature of the thermometer in the shade was 29.0° ; the mean temperature by day being warmer than the average mean temperature by 5.0°. The thermometer whose bulb was placed in the full rays of the sun was broken. The general direction of Use wind Mr the week was South-south-west.

Nomberof Autumn average.

211

104

167 333 52 34

96 74

16 9 It 14 10 7 65 29 deaths. 415 150 174 634 6 87

26

1677