MR. TURNBULL'S AUSTRIA.

Is 83-1, 35, and 3(i, Mr. TURNBULL, with his brother, a clergyman of the Establishmentonade an extensive Continental tour, including Germany, Greece, Turkey, and Hungary, having twice visited the Austrian dominions and remained there some time. The volumes before us contain the results of his inquiries into the government, policy, social condition, and military organization of Austria, with it narrative of his travels in the Germanic part of the empire, com- mencing at the Saxon frontiers of Bohemia, including its various baths with its capital Prague, and, in addition to Vienna and Austria Proper, extending to the Styrian Alps and the provinces bordering upon the Gulf of Venice. The conclusions he has drawn, and the general information he has collected, are presented separately from his personal observations and the incidents of his tour ; the first volume containing the narrative of his travels, the second his ac- count of thc Social and Political Condition of the Austrian Empire.

Although not the embodied perfection of a traveller, Mr. Term- num. has many very excellent qualifications. He is an elderly gentleman of the old school, well acquainted with various modes of life front royalty downwards, and fluniliar with the manners of many lands, having visited America as well as Continental Europe.

He has also the accomplishments which studious and scholastic men of his standing often possess. He is a classical scholar without obtruding scholarship, a man of vertu in the different branches of the arts, and a very good bibliographer. He is also a geologist ; he possesses a sufficient knowledge of the useful arts to pay attention to their processes; and he is well read in the history of the midille ages and of modern Europe: but, like most men formed in the school he belongs to, is satisfied with bringing in the pith of his knowledge aptly, and not displaying it upon all occasions to show that he has got it. In judgment he is tolerant—persons of his experience and connexion have seen so much of temptation and human weakness, that they look upon slips with placability, espe- cially it' made by gentlemen or ladies. What his politics are we do not know—most probably those of a Moderate Tory ; but his leanings are all in favour of order and establishments be looks like a man who, having been frightened by the excesses of the French Revolution and the convulsions of the Empire, conceives quiet the chief good. Hence his estimate of things is worldly; and, without being absolutely one-sided, he puts very little of argu- ment into the scale of the people against the tyrant and the op- pressor.

These qualities with many men would have led to a good deal of twaddliug—and there is occasionally a something in Mr. TURN.. BULL'S work which approaches twaddle ; but a solid understanding, and the effects, we should imagine, of' a scholastic education steadily kept up in after life, render his matter and his composi- tion always respectable, mostly pleasant or instructive, and fre- quently very interesting. The admirers of the dashing style will indeed find little in the staid and measured volumes of Mr. TURN.. BULL to gratify their taste ; and those whose peculiarity it is to confound accidents with essentials — the knife-and-fork school gentry—will regret that the author passed over his residenff at Berlin, where he visited at the Palace, in an incidental noCC and will look in vain for minute description of dress and meRbit'S: Al- together, Mr. TURNBULL'S Austria is one of the most solid and finished books of' travels we have met for some time, albeit now and then a little commonplace in subject, and sometimes verging to the soporific. But it has two rare and good qualities throughout—it is always real, and never makes the least approach to affectation. The first spot which our traveller visited, or rather the place where his book opens, is the border range dividing Saxony from Bohemia, and called the Saxon Switzerland; but Mr. TURNBULL thinks erroneously. It is too petite—an alpine region in miniature- -" an assemblage of scenic forms the most strange and fantastic, varying at every step, and of such comparatively small dimensions as to be ever within the reach of easy contemplation. The stranger .passing from Chamoum to Schandau might imagine he had quitted the region of the giants for that of the fairies ; and he might experience a peculiar species of enjoyment in survey- ing, as it were on a beautiful model, a11 those disruptions. and contortions of mountain scenery which the bunion eye may seek in vain to trace amid the stupendous masses of the Alps." After exhausting the beauties of this district, he entered Bohe- mia, meeting at Tiiplitz the King of Prussia ; and his description of royalty, with the society and mode of life at the baths, is one of the most pleasant parts of his travels. This is the account of WIL- LIAM of Prussia's behaviour at Berlin, his own capital, to contrast it with his solemn formality at Topaz, a possession of Austria.

ETIQUETTE AND COURT PARTIES AT BERLIN.

The observances of the court of Berlin in regard to foreigners are peculiar. Among the diplomatists are no ambassadors; consequently no foreign .agents so accredited as to be authorized in demanding personal intercourse with the sovereign. The highest diplomatic agents of foreign courts are Envoys Ex- traordinary and Ministers Plenipotentiary; and these functionaries, commu- nicating only with the official Ministers, are never received by the King, ex- cept perhaps once or twice in the course of each winter, when they are all invited to a court ball. Ills Majesty has abundant parties, sometimes en frac, or plain clothes, sometimes en unifbrme, or full tlress; but neither at these nor at the assemblies of any of the royal family does a foreign Minister appear ; with this single exception, that, when a foreign Prineeis present, the Minister of his nation is invited to attend him. The names of foreigners desiring to be presented are communicated in writing by the Minister of their country. and by his direction they leave their cards at the house of the G ra oil Chamberlain ; shortly after which the King intimates when he will receive them by a verbal message, not to the Minister, but direct to the parties themselves. Military officers are not 'infrequently received at reviews. In my own case, it WRS Ins Majesty's pleasure to invite me to a soWe, it six o'clock, en „One ; and this was followed by an invitation for a later day, en am? forme, on aceoent of sonic foreign Princes being of theparty. Another English gentleman was also present ; and in the absence of any British functionary, oe were presentisl to the King and to the Princess of Liegnitz by the G valid Chamberlain ; aml in the course of the evening by other Chamberlains to the different members of the royal family. The amusements of t he evening to which I al11110W particularly al hiding, consisted of some short dramatic pieces, two in German and one in French, performed by artistes from the public theatres, in a saloon fitted up as a pri- vate theatre. ATI elegant slipper followed, of soups, hot it ml cold dishes, fruits, &c., served on tables, each laid for eight, or ten, or twelve people ; the table of the King and his immediate party being laid in n separate room. When the supper was over, dancing counnenced, and continued till two or three o'clock; the King and the principol guests having previously retired.

WILLIAM OF PRUSSIA AT 1i1PLITZ.

On the great gravel walk the people began to assemble between eleven and twelve, loitering about in a sort of watchful anxiety for the royal approach. The instant his Majesty appeared every head was bare ; and a great circle was formed by those who hoped to be honoured with the royal notice, while the less distinguished of the company arranged themselves in the rear: The King, leaning on his stick, took Ids position in the centre. likewise bareheaded, either alone or attended by the Prince de Wittgenstein, his Grand Chamlocrlain, on 'whom devolved the duty of mentioning the names of those to is limn it might ,11C be fitting toy his 71 Isiesty to address a word of courtesy. AV Ill'11 ver he emerged from the livieg enclosure and passed tip the Ivalk, 1.1.t.ry 011C fell in behind and 11)11ml-cal in lois train. If he stopped to notice any person at the side, every one stopped also until he again proceeded. Sometime, he would sit down on one of the benches with the Prince de Wittgenstein by Ii is side, both

uncovered ; and at those periods some of the promenaders did veld iise to puce along the walk, but un open space was still pieserved hethre tile htilidi of roy- alty ; and on approach to it every hat was again removed, whiell might have been firtively restored to the head in a more distant part of the gardens. An equal ceremony attended the Princess of Liegnitz, (the King's left-handed wife,) who probably appeared on the walk about the same time as the King, or very shortly after. She, too, had her great circle around her of uncovered heads ; and when she took her position on a seat, accompanied by the Princess Khosky or time other lady, a semicircular range Yeas termed before her, icoopying the Spate in front, and utterly preventiog the passage up and down. "risme who bad been presented to her awaited the honour of her not and those who tad not, enjoyed at any rate the gratification of gazing on a fitec and figure of the most pleasing and attractive order, although no longer slme i hog wit h the early bloom of youth. Occasionally the King mod the Princess neve holding their great standing levees at the same time in diGrent parts of the walk, and presentations took place by their respective attendants, as at a drawing-rodm in Berlin ; and at ito period during the whole of the royal Niil to the gardens, which on the occasions which I witnessed them lasted from an hour to an hour an half, was the strictness of these etiquettes in the least degree diminished. At no moment did the King replace his hat upon his head; and he ultimately left the gardens beariog it still m his hand.

At Carlsbad, Mr. TcaNnrr.t, bad the luck to meet the Grand Duke Altett.% EL, and other magnates; but, though it ranks very high as it watering-place, there was no etiquette, and only the disagree- able of rising early to drink the waters.

MORNING AT CARLSBAD.

Were it not fbr the flitigue attendant on so early a commencement of the labours of the day, the moaning promenades would be highly agreealde and amusing. Dery wets- all ago., and ranks, and kindrols, and nal ioms ; sod many a sovereign prinee, not creating nor subjected to the formalities of Tiiplite, but pre,ent hug his eup, as be,t he might, to the youthful uninds of the loan- tain. :..4tane h iv senators in livery might be seen, coopecislly tbout the Muhl- brow), conveying to aud tro the nips of their ladies ; but dois M■8 a matter of necessity retina than of choice, so dense was the crowd wilelo ostsosolly sur- rounded the favoured source. The physicians liii to d :Mon' l'rom latimitt to aatient ou the walks ; and people met each other, and formed a kind of tem- Poto,ry intimacy as they compared the results of their respect lie eXperienceS; anti "'L.I ilWay the intervening periods between the potation, in wIndering from 'Piing t -solos, or blrolling about the gardsoi of the Theo% shoolleoun, or Th pssodoulating the Iseog covered colonnade above the Tepid, to the sound of the sp!vnilid inn-monies of rk,-thoven and :Nhwart. Exeept the English, who are always behind-hand when early hours are imposed. very few strmders were seen about the sptiog: later than eight o'clock. Exereiso; must thM; be taken for an hour. in order to " digest the waters," Ayr which I alwa VA f011nd my- self in est-divot disposition for breakfiist and repose. The seem) from our ntindoess )11 tile Wiese was at this time delightful. A sort of hush ion prevails of breakfasting in the open air; mid groups of ladies and children, the inmates of the neighbouring houses, were assembled to take their fra or coffee around tables spread beneath the trees. The Grand Dutchess Helena was very fond of this sort of rural emoc uind always, when the weathee permitted, we might see her thus engaged, es oh her three young daughters and her wo lorothers, the Primes of Wintemberg, while the'Grand Doke strolled up and down, oc- etwionally joining his family. After the breakfast, the work-box would some- times be brought.; and ladies would pay their visits from Mille to table, and exchange a greeting with their passing friends. Two is the hour for dinner. Some may dine at one aria some at three, but tlie usual time is two; an hour which I always found to arrive thr tun soon after hreakflist. There are no tables d'hote; or, if there be any, they ate attended only lv the inferior classes of visiters The generality of persons dine sa oirk;ouiistdoaur or in par- ties, at some one of the numerous hotels and restaurants; and (Me of these, the Salle de Saxe—a spacious saloon at the extremity of the Wiese, and which Serves for the purposes also of balls and evening 11codifies—is then crowded to excess. This is the principal and most expensive place of ffishionable re- sort ; yet here, at the price of one form, (two shillings,) a good dinner is pro- vided.

EVASION or PROIIIIIITION.

At the hotel de Saxe, and at the other principal restaurants, fissigo whies ritay be found abundant and good; a circumstance which deserves especial no- tice, as exhibiting one of' those devices whereby the real indulgence of the Austrian Government so frequently tempers its nominal severity. The im- portation of foreign wines into the empire is prohibited, except only fin. private use ; they cannot, therefore, be legally sold at a restaurant ; but the stranger will alvislys perceive, in the list which is offered lain, seine native wines, at high prices. designated wie (like) some wine of foreign growth; and thus, if he calls for Nesmuller wie Itheinwein, or Odenberger wit Chateau Margauk, he will

not be disappointed in a very good bottle of hock or claret. As to Cham- pagne, it abounds; and I hardly recollect that it Was thought necessary to his vest it with any foreign disguise.

ronnIcsi BAGGAGE.

An Englishman is astonished at the enormous quantity of baggage which accompanies a German or a Russian family in their travels. Huge, ponderous machines were now seen at many a door—something of a mixture between the beiline and the road-waggon—receiving their gradual accumulation Of chest heaped upon chest, and package suspended under paehage, with which they were to be drawn heavily along by six post-borses on the morrow. Some site I have seen with a harp' doulde chest of drawers, fixed in a receptacle behind, from which they might be removed en masse ; while on the roof were deposited rolls of bedding and cases of provisions. All is secured by chains and laws of iron ; while double drags, of portentous strength, hang beside the wheels; and it is a matter of some difficulty to distinguish, within, the heads of three or four human individuals, who are almost lost in the vastness of the moving castle.

Among the departures at the end of August, was that of' the Grand Duke Michael mid his family. A sort of uncouth, Asiatic magnificence, in the number of his servants, horses, and carriages, is it general characteristic of the Russians. The Grand Duke, with his suite and louggage, occupied no less than five-and-twenty vehicles ; which were linitself and the Dateliess alone; in another, the chief lady-in-waiting; in is third, the three children, all daughters, with their grovernatite. The rest were occupied by attendants of various grades : groups of whom had been usually hanging, about the doors, ill- clothed, slovenly-looking pet-sons, with apparently no occupation. The stay of their Imperial Iliglinesses at Coorlsbool load been about live or six weeks; and their expenosos were excessive, although unaccompanied by any apparent splen- dour. Except having r,irett one or two halls, their general mode of life was quiet anti dornesi 1 hey appeared to delight in absence from restraint, antl were frequeetly strolling about the walks with their children and two or three friends or at mahouts; until, in their morning, costume, they repaired to the assembly tot the Salle he Kixe, or retired to their apartments, where some few select 1ml:sill:ads might horn! their evening circle, it too ot'len happens that in large and ill-appoinuod establishments great sums of money are muddled away without dignity and withomt enjoyment. The regular income) of the Grand Dole, IIS Stitt-tilt to Me, tymuiuttm I hmlimislund paper rottIllff per in slut or about 30,11001. sterling per MI1111111; lila it IVt18 a matter of regvet by those who were eneliarged with the payment of lois accounts, that darns; his residence at Carlsbad his expenditure had consider:Oily exceeded his income.

LIFE Al"I'D BATIIS, WITH A 91.01:CII or suss ntax POLICY. SlIelt IS the of Carlsbad ; and such is it also, with -.‘hight variations, at all the Austrian baths. The strict prohibition of gaming, the haloits of early hours, and the general tone of the pliblir character, divest it of that noisy gayety which torms perhaps the principal attraction of the more Western watering-places: but if this he wanting, its place is well supplied 113- the tranquil pleasures of line scenery, (-mire freedom front the restraints of cere-

mony, and the fullest itodulgence i000icd and interesting society. The lips- ices of living are astonishingly low, except in tloe article of lodging ; and even this is only high in comparison of the generality of' Germany. The permanent inhabi- tants of all classes, the tradesimople, the servants and attendants, are gentle, obliging, and honest. As 1 hese ohs...reed ()I' the Austrians generally, a sort of alreetionate kindness runs through tluir whole demeanour. They ore it neat and comely population ; and in their persons and conduct (at (2)orl obaol) so great is their cleanliness, that the very doors of the rooms, mid even the stair- cases, miglot afford infidels in this respect for the dining-tables of many a Western ()country. The march of the government is carried on chiefly or wholly on the Austriaii principle of willing obedience. No military appear imi the streets, and rarely in the country around. After the first deposit of the passport, (which is returned on depart ore,) no agent of' police 'Is 14.5.11 IIr heard.

MI A public news-room, 10 mulu elm tilt. S1111.'4.1'104111 IS 10W, IS Wsli protilled. With German papers; to which are added the Go/igoom; and other Paris journals, as may lie also the Timis and certain other London papers, if the subscription suffice to cover the expense. Aly Moodier, considering it olesirable that the English then lot the baths shoodol have the opp sit unity of attending divine service, expressed to the Chit I mapjArine his incli:ntio:. Is, ih•rt;,rot it. 'floe 1111,Wlili was prompt and courteott, : it stated that !..m..11 a uh luu would he in entire aCCOnistire with Hie 111WS anti the wishes of the 1:uip,•ror ; and on the seven succeeding Sundays the services of the Church woo, perlOcootel in our apartments, to a congregation of watally from thirty to fiorty uii Imo eountry- men.

This polite respect or the tt,t authoritie:4,

and his reverend brother experienced wherever they went. \\lien they entered the empire they prepared ror a scene of ll't)111)10, both as regsrded their luggage atid themselves. lint their passport was "returned with a respectful bow.," and no questions asked with re- spect to contraband goods or contraband opinions. The rule of Austria appears to be, not to interfere with you it' you do not in- terfere with them. But open your mouth indiscreetly, and you will soon find that there is a police, and a pretty stroug one, for it will civilly convey you across the frontier. MI% TI :Its BULL, IIOWCVCF, thinks that espionage as a system is but little resorted to, the people

themselves acting as a secret police. So careful is Government not to run counter to their prejudices, to keep them fed, and to supply them with such amusements as sttit their taste, that they love their yoke and do not aspire to political liberty. lint is it not possible that fear, and the hope of standing well with a power which has many places to give away and infinite titles to bestow, may be as strong a moving power as loyalty ? The fact, however, is curious: though there is another itiference besides that which _Mr. Tuasuu draws—it may be considered an example of the cortupting influ- ence of the most paternal despotism, turtling a whole nation into a people of itiformers.

CHARLES the Tenth and his family, except the Dutchess of Bunn!, were residing in the neighbourhood of Prague when Mr. TURNBULL was there; and having knoivn them of yore in exile, wit- nessed their restoration after NA POLEON'S doWlIfili, and been inti- mate with several of their ntost trusted courtiers, he was admitted to pay his respects to them. The account of his visit is curious, and in parts touching, so far as regards the spectacle of' fallen gran- deur vainly endeavouring to drown the past and hopir.g for mi- racles from the future. From Mr. TuasnuLL's picture, the elder llounnoxs are evidently, like the STUARTS, a race unteachable by time, experience, or misfortune. Our traveller had not the means of knowing, but he conjectures, that the more able governors of the young prince, who would have infused into him ideas corresponding to the change of times and circumstances, were got rid of that he m:ght be bred up in the political and priestly notions of the family. A that time, according to all human probability, the crown of France had passed away thr ever from the race; yet a feud was raging in the emigrant court as to who really was king, CHARLES the Tenth or the

The former having abdicated at the

Duke Imo BOU t. BEAUX ?

close of the Three Days in favour of the latter, the Henriquists maintained that the act was irrevocable, the Carlists the reverse ; and to such a pitch (lid opinion carry its votaries, that the respec- tive filet ions refused to meet. The Dutehess of BERRI having been forbidden access to her son, in consequence of' the vehemence with which she advocated his claims to sovereignty, took to kicking up a raw in the royal domicile, till the Austrian Government were obliged to interfcre to keep the peace, and dismiss the female bel- ligerent to a distzult and separate establishment. Yet even then

She WaS active-

" No sooner did Charles engage a journal in the South of France to advo- cate his rii.'! its, Item she purchased the aid of another to defend the claims of her soli. From Prague and Gratz a sort or counter-correspondence was car- ried on with France; pod to so great a height did the feuds extend around the persons of the older ond younger Ring, that, if public report be true, persons of their respective suites actually refused to sit at table with each other. In the midst or this turmoil, Clothes ever preserved his tranquil serenity. Ile WAS huh to any m ffient attempt at counter-revolution. Ile had persuaded Munch that his restoration would he the work of Providence alone; and daily as the .3b min e arrived, he unfolded it with something like a hope that it would contain it ordinance or an act of the Chambers calling him back to his throne."

Irive quoted Mr. TURN BULL upon matters which have not oolv the interest of human character, bttt the attractions of courtly life to recommend them to general readers, in preference to de-

scriptions or Vienna and other which have been described by many other writers; or to pictures of landscape, that, however beautiful and varied, appeal less forcibly to the mind, especially when detnched from the narrative of the journey ; (Sr to his ac- counts of public institutions, public buildings, and public works : for these, however useful, are not ( sooty the most attractive read-

ing. We ‘vill also pass some interesting bibliographical notices of the diffitrent !midi.. libraries, and of Ins visits to (solvents, as Well as a very philosophical estimate of the lienedictines, contrasted with the other orders. But, not to leave Austria entirely out of a notice or a book devoted to it, we will take a few extracts from his pictures of Vicomote society, which have not yet becit done by so calm an observer, or perhaps by a person so well qualified.

ADVANTACES OF VI LANA.

Few places possess such ample resources, suck general means of enjoyment, both intellectual alai physical, with the exception only of climate and its con- juncts, as the imperial city. lts magnificent public library, scarcely inferior to anv in Europe, its admirable scientific museums, are all open to the public ; and Ibis, not a., is too often the case in other countries, nominally and osten- tatiously only, hut iti it manlier so perfect as to arraligements and accommoda- tions, as to render them practically and generally useful. The theatres, the opera, the restf,urate(urs, ere all excellent ; tout the eastronmne, who has been writhing elsewher., under the sour owl greasy infliciiMIS Of Gen11111) cookery, may find ample celopensation in the elegailt :mil relined repasts of Vienna. The it) CNCC,tii, ii WI :I. 111Tly, 111.111.0, 1111,41111g 111111111alh1/1; 'HMS 1,i't•-. lit 1,111,11:, V.:: regard, Alliniell) stril:iim contrast with the other capi'lefs of Germany ; and tilis may he fewrilled piirdy to the general pursuits of the pl,ee, eliether as to business H. pleasure, being confined muiihtiiu SO spudl a spave, aml partly to the greater infusion Id the Italian character. Nothing °rem.. either to annoy or to molest. Of the police, both in us imme- diate peactice and in its smith other branches of the government, I Shall take occasion 1,1 i414e a 1'1,11 account in a chapter :,eparately (Imo Ited to that object : but here may 01,,rve, that in no capital in Continental Europe does

the r, e hose pese.ports are 'venial. and conduct tirderly, experienee or

perceive ,e, lit, he (d. its intert.erenve is does at Vienna. No he gars:ire seen. lw,appeoranra pile,•riy weet s the eye. In Vienna—and indeed this remark applies nationally II t lar,,e more than it does tel any other coun- try-130 one ioppv.tts NAV dr. 1,..1111:t f111111 111;Ni Cr tradesmen ill evely branch, that their Ivor% t ephe 11111 apprentices expend very little in their food, and lodge gen, rally three mid four in a root», in order that they may be ahle, in respect iip, fancy, to he equal to their superiors. Trout able. sober,

end idle 'cc--, tioy too emelt willing to work ; told whatever be the faults of the II o are ;1,e-tiredly jul meulil ise allied to the more harsh

ond ititsisite 11••1sess. Hoot Car that character lees heen eveated, and is con- served the iireCi It al genius of the government, will he the subject of future chapteis : hot, 1r i way he in uni 4,1t with the higher moral destinies of IIMIL may he a leaf ter en which opiniof.... mutt diller; hut no impartial oliserver will hesitate. te admit eflIcy Vieinfese end of the inhabitants of the eireumjacent province tie f they are a no, t halm); and enjoying people. Fragal,cheerf oh and. contented, they ,s,ek no alteration in their condition ; they know little of their govermotot but it 1111111 and paternal influences ; and they dread change of' any kind as ffaught mu ith em ii.

SOC1.11.. CLASSES Al' VIENNA.

It will be undersimal that mere imbility, titled or not, forms no passport to the good ,oci,.ty of Vienna ; hut, on the other hand, A ti.,.tria possesses a sort of distinct body ;dialog, Or rather at the bead of her nobles, tilore analogoos to the high aristocracy of l'Aigland than are to lot found in any other emelt ry,—per- sons of large *honied estates, or great provincial influence, generally or bight in- dependent priociples, elegant ;old luxurious habits, mid very often sustainitm a magnificenee u,f estaldidonents too costly even for their ample incomes 'fliese men reside for S■11111 period of the year at their splendid country mansions in the provinces they frequent the laths for some weeks ; and during the whiter find spring a c'uinslihi'r: iii ml otinlwr of them congregate in where, with the Ibreigui diplomatists, thee lit in a distinct society, inaccessible to natives of lower station, hut into c hick foreigners, with proper introductions, will find a ready welcome; mid where, 131Ce (bey will be received from house to house ciilta sort or fraternal hospitality. 1Ielow this highest class various Others succeed, each distinct in itself; each indulging ;t sort of' happy self-com- placency on regarding those below them; umil perhaps from the experience of its frni t hi iiisn tees, lit tiv vilxions to invade those above. In our own count ry we see something and hear more of the spirit of exclusiveness in certain classes. It must be so, and ought to he so, In large and varied populations : but the excess to which the practice is carried among the Gertnatus, as regards them- Selves, (tbr finvipters are very little subjected to it, and usually are unconscious of its existence,) is said to lie striking and curious. The necessity of filling a ball-room will sometimes compel a lady of bigh dignity to admit a small col- lection from the class below ; but even on such occasions wo to the youth (unless his own rank be too exalted to bear a question) who shall be tempted to lead forth a beauty of the second class to the waltz : he will, as 1 have been informed, (for no personal observation has led me to the statement,) he a marked and not itnprobably an excluded mum and doomed to descend to that class to which the lady of his admiration more properly belongs. Here, indeed, as in all places, the ladies form the rulers and the principal objects of etiquette. The Austrian noble, however elevated his station, will accept for himself alone the dinner invitation of every banker and tnerchant ; but in vain nifty the latter await an invitation in return to the princely mansion in which the hostess is to do the honours.

Still it is not in the higher ranks of society that the characteristic spirit of

German exclusiveness can be best observed. 'The out ward expression of per- sonal import:time is usually found in every country to vary in er,rsd II in proportion to the actual dignity of the person. We must descend to the lower grades of nobles, and to the ranks below them—we must perhaps quit the metropolis for the provincial capital and the country town—helbre we tind in full perfection that egregious personal vanity, that greediness of hereditary or official distinc- tion, which impels the wife of the lowest public fano ionary to assume a rank and a title from her busband's petty office—where " Mrs. Regimental-deputy- quarter-master" holds herself superior to " Mrs. Imperial-and- royal-districtual- tobacco-stamp-comptroller," and where " Mrs. Princely- Schwarzenburgish- oaksplantations- surveyor " declines to associate with " Mrs. Prague-privileged- eity-fish-market-teils-deputy-eollector." Yet still, with all its absurdities, Ills general weakness of the German character is not without one advantage: it has the circa of dropping these title-loving people recisely into the sphere to which they properly belong, anti ii whieb, for the most part, they tranquilly remain.

Our notice has been confined to the first volume; into the second

we could not enter, even to enumerate its topics, without drawing too largely on our space. We may, however, jot down a few general conclusions. Mr. TURNBULL confirms the German reputa- flop for honesty—he almost everywhere found the people civil, satisfied, and not disposed to take advantage when the peculiarity of their currency enabled them to do so. Ile very rarely met witn physical distress, nothing that could be called general. The people were sufficiently fed, clothed, and lodged, ticcording to their custone—which, however, would seem to English eyes, w t. fancy, scant, and sordid : they appeared more conithrt able on large feudal properties, than where estates had been broken down. The Austrian immorality of the sexes Mr. Tr oNityl.t. questions; butt his denial is rather an explanation. The .11ttlthositin obstacles thrown in the Way of matrimony induce the poorer classes to dis- pense with the ceremony ; the theility of divorce in Protestant communities, and the indissolubility of marriage amongst the Ca- tholics, are ulleged to account for infidelity amongst the other classes. 'he finances of' Austria are described as in difficulty rather than disorder ; the expenditure exceeds the income. In despite of Hun- gary and Italy; TuaNnum thinks the empire safe from all in- ternal disquiet. In case of' war, he admits Italy is obnoxious to French aggressions, but he thinks the Hungarians may be relied on front their hatred to Russia. Ile forgets the prophetic words of CANNING, that the next general war in Europe will be a war of principles, and that Great Britain will have ranged under her banner every man who is, for whatever cause, dissatisfied with the govern- ment under which he lives. But war is unlikely with Austria. We have no clashing interests with her ; our views, so far as they coincide, run parallel instead of touching. These circumstances have since the time of the Tunoos generally made her our ally; the late commercial treaty shows her present disposition ; and events are in progress which will tend to draw the alliance closer. However averse to political change, the Government is endeavour- ing to make great changes in her means of locomotion and foreign cronmonientions. A plan is conceived, and partly begun, to carry lilies m ut railroads from a tributary of the Elbe on the frontiers of Ihthentia, to Linz on the Danube, the entrepOt of Upper Austria; whence another line will be carried on through Styria and Carniola to connect the Adriatic with time Danube. Should this, and the railway to the Rhine spoken of by Alio PAntor, be completed, Austria will have "bur easy communications im ill three distant seas, and of' course a vastly-increased menus of internal and foreign trade. Free passage bv the Mille. the Elbe, and the Danube, being through indepriolent territ(mries, most depend upon the con- tinuance of peace ; but the Adriatic provinces will always enable Item- freely to communicate with the sea, if she can only carry a good road through the mountains which separate them from Ger- many.