fartign alit (dada.

PAM Ink .=The Emperor reviewed a large force

of cavalry at Longchamps on Saturday, but a fall of rain spoiled the show, and obliged the Empress and Imperial Prince to remain in closed carriages.

The military ports of France are in full activity, testing new inven- tions for the destruction of man : rifled cannon, new bullets, new bat- teries. A statue of Joan of Arc is to be erected at Compiegne, on the spot opposite the old• bridge, where she was taken prisoner by the English on May 23, 1430. The Nonittur of Sunday contained the following announcement Apropos of the Pope's bull of excommunication :— " The Government, under existing circumstances, considers it to be it* duty to recall the following articles of the Concordat—viz., that no brief, rescript, mandate, provision, or other document from the Court of Rome, even regarding private persons, can be received, published, printed, or otherwise put into execution, without the authorization of the Govern. ment."

The Times correspondent at Paris reminds us that the major excom- munication deprives the excommunicated of all participation in the public prayers of the Church offered up for the faithfuL The excom- municated cannot administer or receive the Sacrament, nor can they. be present at Divine Service. If an excommunicated person enters a church the service must at once cease, or when he presents himself the priest must quit the altar. The excommunicated is deprived of Christian burial ; a cemetery in which he is interred becomes polluted. The excommunicated cannot name or be named to benefices or eccle- siastical dignities ; he cannot exercise spiritual jurisdiction and, in a

i

word, he deprived of all communication with the faithful, either in sacred or mere worldly matters. The French occupied Nice in force on Sunday. The Mcmiteur says they were received with garlands and applause. Another account from Nice itself says the population was cold, and that disturbances had to be suppressed. The annexation of Savoy has also been completed, although we have not yet heard that French troops have entered Northern Savoy. Dr. Kern, the Swiss Minister, has lodged a second protest with the French Government. He contends that the very foundation of the relations of Switzerland will be changed by the annexation of Northern Savoy :— " The Federal Council is placed, therefore, in such a position as to be compelled to protest against any execution of this treaty as regards the nen- trahzed provinces. It protests most particularly, while demanding the maintenance of the status quo., against all voting on the annexation, against the taking possession, either in a military or civil character, of these.pro- vinces, until such time as an understanding shall have been come to be- tween the guaranteeing Powers and with Switzerland. The Federal Council will demand a meeting of the representatives of the Power; who have guaranteed the neutrality of the three provinces to Switzerland ; and it reserves to itself, as the representative of the country most interested, and in conformity with the recognized principles of European international law, to assert before them the rights and interests of Switzerland." I telegram from Berne says, that "in reply to the request addressed by Switzerland to the Powers who signed the Treaty of Vienna, Russis, England, Austria, and Prussia have pronounced themselves in favour of the immediate assembling of a Congress." By 106 to 3, the National Council have granted extraordinary powers to the Council of State, enabling them to take what measures they see fit, to preserve Swiss neu- trality. Austria does not protest against the annexation of Savoy, but as regards the neutrality of Switzerland and the neutralized districts of Chablais and Faueigny, Austria declares her readiness to join her good offices to those of the other great Powers for the fulfilment of the legiti- mate wishes of Switzerland, the more because the circular note of Thouvenel of the 13th ultimo promised beforehand to respect thn gita- rantees granted to Switzerland by the treaties of 1815."

The Swiss Government has clearly shown that M. Thouvenel, with di- rect authority from the Emperor, had promised that "if the annexation should take place, he should have pleasure out of sympathy with Switz- erland, for which he always had a particular regard, to abandon to Switzerland, as its own territory, as a part of the Helvetic Confedexa- don, the provinces of Chablais and Faucigny." An absurd attempt, much exaggerated in the French capital, has been made by a band of fellows to invade Savoy from Switzerland. These men seized a steamer and sailed for Thonon in Savoy. Some of them had arms, but they left them on board when they landed, and went to get drunk in a public house. Prompt measures were taken by the Swiss, and the conduct of these men was severely condemned. Many have been arrested. The attempt looks very like what is called a " plant " on the Swiss Government. To all appearance the scoundrels must have been hired by somebody to put the Swiss in the wrong. They have failed.

Ilegiam.—The following is the despatch addressed by the French Government to its diplomatic agents abroad, in order to reassure the Powers as to the intentions of Franoe in respect of Belgium and the left bank of the Rhine

"Paris, March 19, 1860.

"Monsieur—In the despatch which you have done me the honour to write me you announce that you have forwarded to — the communication of the Emperor's Government, under date of the 13th of this month, relative to Savoy and the county of Nice, and you add that the principal Secretary of State of reserves to himself the taking advice of the Council before making known to us the answer of the — Government. In the mean- while, I think it desirable to resume with you the discussion of a point which r merely indicated in my previous correspondence' and to insist especially on an objection which was brought forward in the discussions to which the question gave rise.

"Analogies, in fact, are alleged, and these are a starting-point for dis- trust. But do these analogies rest on facts, and does there truly exist a relation between our position with regard to the Alps and our situation on the Rhine ? Without doubt, the treaties of 1815 had constituted in the North a state of thinge not without resemblance and connexion with that which still exists at this day on the side of the Alps. The kingdom of the Low Countries had been created with a view similar to that with which the territorial limits of Sardinia had been settled. Like Sardinia, it had the custody of positions which permitted it to deliver up the approaches and entrances of our territory to foreign armies. "After a duration of fifteen years, the arrangements have been greatly modified, with the concurrence of the Great Powers themselves. Belgium has been formed, and its neutrality, acknowledged by Europe, has covered from that time all that part of our frontier which was exactly the most ex- posed, and for which France might feel the most reasonable anxiety.

In a word, whatever of a menacing nature for us, in the North, was presented by the treaties of 1815, has been made mere matter of history by the Conference of London. We have no longer on that side any sort of guarantee to demand, and our plan of defence' supported by our most im- portant strong places, shelters us completely from dangers analogous to those of which we should have more than ever to take account at another point, if Piedmont, with its new proportions, remained in possession of ter- ritories which give access to the very heart of the empire. On the Rhine, the peril has disappeared, while it has increased in the Alps. "Thus the situations, the similarity of which it is attempted to show, pre- sent no point of resemblance, and the potent considerations which oblige us to claim the annexation of Savoy are without any possible application to the state of things in the east and in the north of France. This combina- tion will complete that which Europe itself has adopted, by effacing the last trace of stipulations manifestly conceived in a spirit of distrust and aggres- siveness towards us • and, far from finding therein a source of disquietude, Germany' will only 'have occasion to see in it a new condition of the sta-

bility and duration of the peace. " TflouveareL."

Sit 111.—The Sardinia Chambers were opened on Monday, at Turin. King Victor Emmanuel, who was very well received, delivered the fol- lowing speech in the Senate :— " Signori Senatori, Signori Deputati—The last time I opened Parliament, amid the troubles of Italy and the dangers of the State, faith in Divine jus- tice encouraged me to augur well of our destiny.

"In a very short time, an invasion was repulsed. Lombardy was freed by glorious deeds of heroism, and Central Italy became free by the marvel- lous virtue of its inhabitants, and thus today the representatives of the rights and the hopes of the nation are assembled around me. "For such a benefit, we are indebted to a magnanimous ally, to the valour of his and our soldiers, to the assistance of volunteers, and to the persevering concord of the people. We ascribe the merit of it to God, as, without superhuman aid, such memorable enterprises cannot be accom- plished.

"The gratitude of present and future generations is due to France for the welfare of Italy, and for consolidating the union of the two nations, who have some community in origin, principle, and destiny. "It was necessary to make some sacrifice, and I hate made that which was dearest to my heart. "Reserving the vote of the people and the approbation of Parliament, and reserving also in regard to 'Switzerland the guarantee of her interna- tional rights, I have concluded a treaty for the reunion of Savoy and the surrounding territory of Nice with France. "We have still many difficulties to overcome ; but, assisted by public opinion and by the love of my people, I shall never permit any one to offend or fistany right or liberty. like my ancestors, in the Catholic religion, and in the respect due to the supreme chief of that religion, I shall, if the ecclesiastical autho- rity makes us of spiritual arms for temporal interests, in safe conscience and in the traditions of my worthy ancestors„ find strength to maintain en- tire the civil liberty and authority for which I am only indebted to God and to my people. "The provinces of the 2gmilia have been arranged as in former times; but with Tuscany, who has her own laws and her own rules, a special temporal provision was necessary. "The short time since, and the rapidity of the event, have impeded the preparation of the laws which are necessary to assist and strengthen the new estate. For the first period of legislation you will only have to discuss the most urgent measures, and my Ministers will prepare, with due deliberation, the projects upon which you will have to deliberate for the se- cond period.

"Based on the Statute of the countty., the political, military, and finan- cial unity, and the uniformity of the civil and penal laws, the progressive administrative liberty of the provinces and communes will renew in the Italian people that splendid and vigorous existence which, at the time of another form of civilization, and of other territorial arrangements of Europe, was the fruit of the municipal autonomy7 which is today opposed to the con- stitution of strong States, and to the genius of the nation. "Signori Senatori, Signori Deputati—In entering upon the new order of things, and without regarding the old political parties in any other way than remembering the services rendered to the common cause, we call for a noble cooperation and the expression of every sincere opinion, in order to obtain our principal object,—the welfare of the people and the greatness of

the country, which is no longer the Italy of the Romans, nor that of the Middle Ages. It must no more be left a field open to foreign ambition, but it must, on the contrary,,be the Italy of the Itsliene." Prince Carignan and a large Pieclmontese force entered Florence on 'the 29th of March, and thus formally took possession of Tuscany in the name of the King. He was accompanied by General Durand° and his division. The day was fine, the crowd greater than ever seen before in Florence, the troops had no room to march, and literally elbowed their

way through the friendly throng. Above them the houses were gay with flags and flowers, and the people were hearty in the welcome they gave but they did not make much noise. We have no accounts of the entry of the troops into other great towns, but they have probably done so ere this.

The Austrian Government has made a formal and elaborate protest against the annexation of Tuscany, Modena, and Parma. She describes it as a despoiling of legitimate princes and a violation of treaties. France and Sardinia, it is argued, guaranteed Tuscany to the House of Lorraine in 1735. In 1753, Austria obtained a right to the reversion of Modena. In 1817, Austria obtained a right to the reversion of Parma and Piaoensa, and these rights of reversion received a fresh sanction by the treaty of Florence, concluded on the 28th of November, 1844, between the Courts of Lucca, Modena, Tuscany, Sardinia, and Austria. "Thus, then, the King of Sardinia, in accepting the annexation of the Italian Duchies, openly violates not only the public treaties of 1815, but also the treaties which he has signed as a direct contracting party with Austria. Such a violation is so much the more flagrant from having been accomplished upon the morrow after the peace of Villafranca and Zurich, of which the essential condition was the restoration of the legitimate Princes. Induced by. all these motives, Austria protests in the most pereatmo.ray, manner against this most illegal annexation made by the King of S

and appeals to the conscience of all Europe on the subject." The state of Rome is still critical. Attempts have been made by Papal spies to get up another popular demonstration, in order that the gen- darmes and French might put it down, but they have failed. The offi- cial Journal of Borne stated that, "at the request of the French officers, General Goyon included, the persons arrested here on the 19th instant by the Pontifical: gendarmes, have been set at liberty." General Goyon has denied the truth of this statement. General Lamoriciere is now busily engaged in looking up and inspecting the Papal troops. Before he ac- cepted his new post, he went to Vienna and saw the Papal Nuncio. The French General travelled incognito, and from Vienna he went to Ancona yid Trieste.

It is now stated that the reported intention of the King of Naples lo occupy Umbria and the Marches, is incorrect. The Austrians have three complete corps d'arm6e in Venetia, and the furlough men of the rifle battalions have recently been called in. The Paris Petrie amuses the English of exciting insurrection in Sicily. Some seditious movements have been made in Palermo, and the Peers scents English gold—the object being annexation of Sicily to England! The plot, we are told, will fail, Sicily being warned by the fate of the Ionir' in Islands.

fermatt4.—The Concordat which the Grand Duke of Baden, acting under Austrian influence has made with the Pope, has been rejected by the Lower Chamber of that State. By the last amount from CArlsruhe the Baden House of Commons has declared the Concordat invalid by 46 votes against 15; and little doubt is entertained that a similar vote will pass the Upper &amber. It is assumed that the Grand Duke will ae- cept the defeat and change his Ministry.

aill.—A Carlist, or as it is now called Montemoliniat insurrection, has broken out in Spain. The published reports ;are neither very clear nor accurate. They are these Madrid, Tuesday, 3 p.

"General Ortega, Commander of the Balearic Isles, embarked the troops under his command, and disembarked them near Tortosa. As soon as the troops obtained knowledge of his project they refused to follow him, and General Ortega was obliged to take to flight, pursued by his soldiers, who have remained faithful to the Queen.

"General Ortega is still at large, but is being closely pursued. "Perfect tranquillity prevails everywhere.

"Private advices say that General Concha sent troops against General Ortega, and that other troops were also despatched from all parts of Spain to suppress the movement.

" The insurrection met with little sympathy. "Several loyal addresses have been forwarded to the Queen.

"The Bank of Barcelona has offered 40,000,000 reale to the Government. "Paris' Wednesday.—Despatches received here from Madrid state that

General Ortega had chartered two foreign vessels at Marseilles by means of money coming from Madrid and Paris. The promoters of the revolution- ary movement are not resident in Madrid. The Deputies have assembled, to protest against the rebellion, and even private persons have offered their services. The whole nation is against the rebels.'" From other sources we learn that Cabrera and Elio are with Ortega. One report is, that the descent was made on Valencia, but this is not cre- dited. Cabrera is a native of Tortosa.

The terms of peace with Morocco are understood to have displeased the court, the clergy, and the people. They are said to be dissatisfied with O'Donnell for not insisting on the retention of Tetuan, and not exacting 500,000,000 instead of 400,000,000 reale. The Ministers have tendered their resignation, and O'Donnell returns to Madrid to resign also.

alai Sith5.—Advices from New York to the 24th of March have arrived. Congress had passed a bill to protect female emigrants. A resolution calling on the President to inform the Senate if any instruc- tions have been given to our naval officers by which the United States' naval forces were to take part in the civil war in Mexico., and by what authority the Mexican war steamers were recently captured, was adopted. In the House a resolution was proposed, calling for information relative to the capture of the Mexican war steamers in the Gulf, but its introduc- tion was objected to. The Maryland Democratic State Convention have denounced, as wicked, the treasonable attempts of Northern people to regulate any State, and have pledged themselves to stand by the Southern States to the last ex- tremity.

"That we stand upon the policy of non-intervention by Congress with. the institution of slavery in the territories, as approved by the convention of 1856, and that we declare it to be our opinion that neither Congress nor t% people of a territory, organized or unorganized, directly or indirectly, ca interfere with the institution of slavery or the right of bolding staves. 19

hereby declare that such right is more properly referable to judicial instruc- tion, and that the adjudication of the Supreme Court upon such question is final and binding upon each member of the democratic party, and will more certainly conduce to the public peace than any form of legislative interven-, tion."

Miramon appeared before Vera Cruz on the 29th of February ; and laid siege to it on the 5th of March. He had with

him from 6000 to 8000 men and a large train of guns. The place was defended by 4000 men. Outside were the Saratoga and Savannah United States men-of-war. On the 6th, two steamers appeared off the place. As they refused to show their colours, the naval commander of the Americans sent a boat to ascertain their nationality. The boat was fired on. Then the Saratoga opened upon the strange ships, and speedily captured them. , They turned out to be the Marquez and Miramon, Mexican warships, coming from Havana with guns and stores in aid of General Miramon. During the action, they showed Mexican flags. The capture of these ships is said to have caused great excitement in Vera Cruz, and it is even reported that the exequatur of the American Consul was withdrawn ; very unlikely, seeing that a steamer belonging to the Juarez Government towed the American frigate into action. It is said that Mr. M‘Lane, United States Minister, had been ordered to land troops at Vera Cruz to protect American citizens. Miramon was repulsed in an attack he made upon Vera Cruz on the 7th.

Later advices report the complete failure of Miramon :—

" Miramon bombarded the city on the 13th, but with little damage. A detachment of Miramon's troops at Alvarado were attacked and completely routed by the Liberals. On the 14th, a flag of truce was sent to Juarez, which resulted in the suspension of hostilities. A military congress, com- posed of the chiefs of the two armies and representatives of the foreign Go- vernments, met on the same evening, but the result was not known when the schooner sailed. It was reported that Miramon had abandoned the siege, deserted his army, and taken refuge on board the French fleet. Mira- mon's communication with the interior was entirely cut off. The city of Mexico had pronounced against Miramon, and his army there was deserting

SOM.—The Bombay mail arrived on Thursday, bringing advices to the 12th of March.

The principal incident recorded is Mr. Wilson's proposal in the Le- gislative Council of a plan for a paper currency. The following is a summary of his plan :— "The present issue of notes by the Bank of Bengal, the Bank of Madras, and the Bank of Bombay is to cease. "Commissioners are to be appointed to control the new issues of State notes, which may be had for cash at all treasuries. "Notes issued from district treasuries will be convertible on demand at those treasuries, and at the Presidency treasury also. "Notes issued from the Presidency treasuries will be convertible thereat alone, and will not be payable at district treasuries.

"As security against these notes, every treasury is to retain one-third the amount of its issues in cash ; the remaining two-thirds are to be in- vested in Government securities.

"The profits accruing from the issue are to belong to the State. - "There is to be a uniform State paper currency, the notes constituting a legal tender. They are to vary in amount from Sr. to 1000r. "India to be divided into circles; the notes issued in each circle to be also a lagal tender at the Presidency of that circle. "An Issue Commissioner to be appointed for each Presidency, and a De- puty-Commissioner for each circle. These officers to be responsible only to the (Home) Council for India—not to the Indian Government. "The reserve of coin is to equal one-third of the issue.

"Merchants' bullion immediately exchangeable for notes on the trea- sury.

There is not to be a gold currency." Lord Canning arrived at Peshawar on the 22d of February. He subse- quently departed in the prosecution of his tour, passing leisurely on by Jhelum to Sealkote, where he was to hold a durbar and receive the Maharajah of Cashmere.

The most interesting news is that Miss Emily Wheeler is still alive. She has been discovered by the Superintendent of the Thuggee depart- ment, and, it is said, entreats her friends to leave her to her wretched fate.

Ca UN--The latest news from Australia, up to the 17th of Fe- bruary, reports a somewhat more settled state of political affairs. The plan of a federative union amongst the Australian colonies, for purposes of mutual fiscal advantage, is much discussed. The want of a continuous flow of female labour is severely felt, yet the Assembly has refused to grant the sum of 50,000/. in aid of such immigration. The Government has completed the preliminaries for the purchase of the Melbourne and Geelong Railway. • From Sydney, the principal items are, that Dr. Lang's bill for the establishment of triennial Parliaments had been rejected ; that a sum of 30001. had been set apart by the House as a reward fund for the disco- very of new gold fields; that the Chamber of Commerce declines to re- commend a subsidy for a bi-monthly mail viii Suez ; and that the sub- ject of telegraphic communication with England has been fully discussed and approved. The line is described in the vote of the House as one from Sydney to East Java.