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It is satisfactory nems that the French jurists who were

appointed to inquire into the responsibility of the Kaiser in public law for the crimes of the war have reported that he is answerable 311 his own person. The jurists who have come to this important conclusion are M. Larnaude, the doyen of the Faculty of Law, and M. de la Praddle, Professor of International Law in the University of Paris. They find that the Kaiser can be tried both by penal and civil law. They argue, however, that as penal law cannot be applied to a nation, the German Empire as such is liable only in civil law. The German people are compared with the shareholders in a public company, who cannot be punished as a body, while the Kaiser is compared with a director of such a company, who can be punished by criminal law.

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