20 FEBRUARY 1909

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On Friday week the Lincoln centenary celebrations took place all

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over the United States. President Roosevelt delivered an eloquent oration at Lincoln's birthplace in Kentucky, and Mr. Bryce an admirable historical survey and appreciation at...

NEWS OF THE WEEK

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T HE foreign news received at the close of the week is, we regret to say, by no means satisfactory. Friday's papers were full of rumours to the effect that the Russian...

The second half of the Speech contained an allusion, most

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unusual in form, to the serious nature of the coming Budget :— " Owing to various causes, including the new provision which' was made last year for old age, and an increase...

Dr. Jameson delivered a remarkable speech on South African Union

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at Grahamstown on Monday. Apart from the fact that it was the first public utterance in defence of . the Constitution by a delegate, the speech was notable for its candour and...

41 ** The Editors cannot undertake to return Manuscript, in any

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case.

The fourth Session of the present Parliament was opened by

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the King on Tuesday. The King drove with the Queen by the usual route from Buckingham Palace, and was heartily welcomed by the crowds. In the Speech from the Throne the first...

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Mr. Redmond during the debate declared that the Nationalists were

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quite independent of the Liberal Party, and would take Home-rule from any Government that would grant it. He asked whether the amendment mentioning Ireland was an invitation to...

On Thursday Mr. Austen Chamberlain moved a Fiscal amendment declaring

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that the House viewed with anxiety the state of trade and employment, and the failure of the Government to recognise the gravity of the situation. The amendment also complained...

Mr. Asquith in his reply began with the Persian question,

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describing the situation as "exceedingly unsatisfactory." The Government believed there would be no prospect of improve- ment until the Shah kept his promise and established...

Mr. Burns, whose speech provoked the loud disapproval of the

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Labour Members, pointed out that there was little sense in the arrangement by which men out of work were kept waiting for hours on the Embankment for shelter-tickets. The law...

Mr. Balfour, speaking on the Address in the Commons, congratulated

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the country on the fact that foreign politics were no longer a party question, but he doubted whetler the thrusting of a Western Constitution on Persia would have good results,...

On Wednesday Mr. Barnes, on behalf of the Labour Party,

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proposed an amendment to the Address on un- employment. He pointed to the nightly scenes of misery on• the Embankment, and declared that all the Government measures dealt with...

Lord Robert Cecil explained his position. After condemning the fact

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that some supporters of the Unionist Party in the country represented Tariff Reform as meaning work for all—. a promise which must have disastrous results—he declared that,...

In the House of Lords on Thursday the subject of

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debate was the condition of Ireland. Lord Dunravon, who spoke of the terrible consequences of the policy which the Government were pursuing, declared that much of the...

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Mr. Ian Malcolm sends another instructive letter to the Times

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on the lawless state of Ireland. To find a parallel to the violence, intimidation, and boycotting now prevalent, defenders of Mr. Birrell, as he points out, have to go back to...

The seriousness of the situation disclosed in the Report can

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hardly be exaggerated. If we take the right path, we may yet save ourselves from the consequences of the injurious policy which we have been pursuing during recent years. If, on...

On Wednesday afternoon the Report of the Royal Com- mission

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on the Poor Laws was published. We have dealt with the whole question elsewhere, but may say here that the majority Report, which was signed by the chairman, Lord George...

We note with satisfaction that the Observer of last Sunday

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declared that " Tariff Reformers will never barter the Union for Tariff Reform ; they will never take office in dependence on the Nationalist vote ; and they would resist to the...

The conflict over " compulsory Irish" at the new National

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* University still rages with unabated fury. Mr. Dillon, who had the courage to talk common-sense to the Nationalist Con- vention, met with a hostile reception, and local...

Lia,n1c Rate, 3 per cent., change , ' from 21 per cent.

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Jan.14th. Onunuin (21) wuru on lfriday 841---Prviny week 85i,

A terrible colliery disaster took place on Tuesday afternoon at

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3.30 at the West Stanley Pit, Durham. At the time whoa the explosions occurred the whole of the back-shift men, numbering one hundred and eighty-five, were in the pit, which...

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TOPICS OF THE DAY.

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THE KING'S SPEECH. W E cannot profess to find the King's Speech re- assuring. The Government are admittedly in great difficulties owing to the financial position. Yet unless we...

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THE POOR LAW COMMISSION.—THE MAJORITY REPORT.

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T HERE are two ways of looking at the Poor Law 'problem. One way is that of the song the paupers used to sing in the days before the reforms of 1834: " Then drive away sorrow...

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THE MINORITY REPORT.

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W E have dealt with the majority Report. It remains to give some description. of the Report of the minority, which is signed by Mrs. Sidney Webb, the well- known Fabian...

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THE SITUATION IN TURKEY.

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T ' political crisis in Turkey, of wh ich We were able to mention only the beginnings last week, suggests in its development that the real question at issue is whether the...

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THE SINKING FUND.

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I N view of Mr. Lloyd George's threatened raid upon the Sinking Fund, it is worth while to consider in some detail upon what principles the maintenance of a Sinking Fund...

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PROFESSOR GOLDWIN SMITH ON CHRISTIANITY. U NDER the title "No Refuge

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but in Truth" (Toronto: William Tyrroll and Co.) Professor Goldwin Smith has republished some short papers, most of them in the foram of lettere, written by him for the New York...

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PROFESSIONALISM IN FOOTBALL.

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FEW weeks ago the football world was startled by the announcement of the Scottish Union that it would not Play the Rugby match with England, fixed for March 20th, because the...

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"SEEMS SO."—THE SUFFRAGETTES.

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T N London the suffragettes have held up public business. Here, in a working man's household a hundred and fifty miles from town, their agitation scarcely stirs us. We are...

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LETTERS TO THE EDITOR.

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THE POSITION IN PEKING. [To Tan ED17011 OP Tin " SPTCTATOTI.1 SIR, —Now that the best part of a month has elapsed since the downfall of Yuan Shilakai, it is becoming possible to...

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THE DEFENCES OF DENMARK, [To THIS EDITOR Or THE "BPIOTATOR."]

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Sin, — The Danish Government has at last brought its plans of a definite defence system forward in the Rigadag on the 12th inat. In the introductory statement, a speech which is...

SEDITION IN BENG AL.—A REPLY.

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t'ro THE EIHT011. Or ens , srearavola a j Sin, — The , Spectator of January 9th had a letter from " Old Liberal " whiob contained an attack on the claims and reputa- tion of the...

AFFORESTATION.

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[To THE EDITOR or THE SPECTATOR."] Sin,—The most unwise words I have hitherto read on this question are those which appear over the name of Mr. Barbour in the Spectator of...

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COLONIALS AND NATIVES.

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[To THE EDITOU THY "SPUCTATOR."1 [To THE EDITOU THY "SPUCTATOR."1 BI11,—Iu criticising my novel " Leaven " (which he admits he has not read) your correspondent " Natalian"...

THE IRISH LAND QUESTION.

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[To TIM EDITOR or THE ''SPECTATOR."J SIR,—It has pleased Mr. Stephen Gwynn in your issue of February 6th to refute my opinion (Spectator, January 30th) that a truer reason for...

ABRAHAM LINCOLN.

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[To THE EDITOR OP 'rue "SrmorA.Tolt."J SIR, --May I venture to make one comment on your admirable article in last week's Spectator on Abraham Lincoln? You say :— " Ile stood for...

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DOES FARMING PAY?

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[To TUB EDITOR OF THR " SPRCIATOR."] Sin,—When inexperienced people ask this amazing question I would reply : Of course farming pays, and of course farming does not pay. In one...

CHURCH UNITY.

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[TO TRH EDITOR OF 'RR " SPICOTATOR.1 Sin,—The subject of Church unity has become one of such practical interest and importance on both sides of the Atlantic that I trust you...

PUBLICITY IN THE DIVORCE COURT. [To TIM ICDITOR or Till

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"EPROTA'FOR1 SIR,—Will you allow one who has read the Spectator for nearly half-a-century to thank you for your well-timed protest in last week's issue against the publicity...

TAXATION OF TRAVELLING.

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[To TRIM EDITOR Or TICE "SPEOTATOD•"l . am surprised that your correspondent " Traveller " in the Spectator of the 13th inst. is unaware of the fact that travel. ling is...

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AN ANECDOTE OF RODNEY.

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pro TIDE EDITOR Or THE " SPECTATOR."] SIR,--The version which is given by Duruy in his "Histoire de France " of a very familiar incident • in Rodney's career, and which is...

STUPIDITY.

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(To TUN ICD1T011. oY TUN " sr ecrnerott.*J SIR,—Your article on this subject in last week's issue recalls Isaiah's arraignment of the people of Israel in Isaiah i. That his...

AN APPEAL FOR GIRTON COLLEGE.

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[To THY EDITOR OF THE " SPECTATOR."I Sin,—I venture to ask for your kind help to draw the attention of the public to the needs of Girton College and to the appeal lately issued...

THE PLANTING OF IVY AGAINST THE TRUNKS OF TREES.

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FTo TeX EDITOR Or TUX "SrNCTATOR.1 SIR,—The author of the article in your issue of February 6th on " The Charm of London" gives full credit to the parks for the share which they...

HERODOTUS AND THE CROCODILE BIRD.

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[To TIIN EDITOR Or TUX "SPNOTATOILl Slit,—An unimpeachable witness, the author of the " Monasteries of the Levant," vouches for the truth of this fact in natural history. He had...

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POETRY.

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BLAKE'S SPECTACLES. ["'Pair of plain old iron-rimmed spectacles, circular glasses ; iu original green and black cardboard case. 12 guineas. These spectacles belonged to, and...

THE " SPECTATOR" FUND FOR THE FAMILY OF THE MURDERED

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IRISH CONSTABLE. WE are very grateful to our readers for the generous way in which they have responded to our appeal. We should be much obliged if subscribers would make...

M USI C.

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MENDELSSOHN. Or all the remarkable men who were born in that anus nlirabilis 1809, Mendelssohn has probably undergone the greatest vicissitudes of posthumous popularity....

NOTICE.—When Articles or "Correspondence" are signed with the writer's name

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or initials, or with a pseudonym, or are marked "Communicated," the Editor must not necessarily be held to be in agreement with the views therein expressed or with the mode of...

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BOOKS.

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MARS AS THE ABODE OF LIFE.* SCHIAPARELLI'S discovery some twenty years ago of the canals in Mars has been explained away by various astronomers in their own manner, but the best...

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LIGHT VERSE.*

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LIGHT verse may be described as the millinery of literature. Its most characteristic qualities are precisely those of a lady's hat: it is charming, gay, graceful, and it does...

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SOME MODERN FRENCH BOOKS.*

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MUCH historical information, not Parisian only, but in a wider sense French, is to be found in M. Robert 1 - Lenard's excellent book, La Rue Saint-Honor& The story of the famous...

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THE MAKING OF CANADA.*

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Tan romance of Britain in Canada did not end with the expulsion of the French. Indeed, if the interest of con- struction be greater than the interest of conquest, the most...

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THE END OF VENICE.* "Dust and ashes, dead and done

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with, Venice spent what Venice earned " THE last two volumes of Signor Molnienti's history might well have Browning's line for a motto. In the seventeenth and eighteenth...

HENRY STUART, CARDINAL OF YORK.*

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THE life of the member of the Stuart family whose accept- ance of a Cardinal's bat at the time when his brother Charles returned broken from Culloden sealed finally the fate of...

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NOVELS.

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GREEN GINGER-1' MR. Anuron lionnisoN i8, if we may say so, a sort of literary Cerberus, in that be cultivates three well-defined and distinct domains of fiction,---alums,...

A GEORGIAN PAGEANT.*

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MR. FRANKFORT MOORE has convinced himself that "the existing views respecting the personality of Oliver Goldsmith, of Henry Tbrale, of James Boswell, of Samuel Johnson," and of...

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The Client Princes of the Roman Empire. By P. C.

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Sands, M.A. (Cambridge University Press. 4s. 6d.)—This essay, which obtained the Thirlwall Prize in 11)00, shows us in a very illuminating way one aspect of the Roman dominion....

A Royal Bluejacket. By Fred '1'. Jane. (Sampson Low, Marston,

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and Co. 6s.)—This is an ingenious story which describes how a Prince of the Blood sinks all his prerogatives and goes as a common A.B. on a King's ship. Needless to say, the...

ItibinanLic NOVELS,—Flower of the World. By Mrs. Henry Tippott. (John

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Long. Os.)—A modern story, the interest of 'which centres in the figure of the heroine.—The Apostate. By A. Lloyd Maunsell. (G. Allen and Sons. 6s.)—The story of c an artist who...

Rachel Lorian. By Mrs. II. Dudeney. (W. Heinemann. Os.)— Mrs.

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Henry Dudeney is implacable in her determination that her readers shall realise to the full the tragedy of life. Even when she gives herself the opportunity to alleviate the lot...

Oasis under English Rule. By G. A. C. Sandman. (B.

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H. 131ackwell, Oxford. 2s. 6d. net.)—It is a very interesting and picturesque bypath of history along which Mr. Sandeman conducts us. Calais was a military position of some...

SOME BOOKS OF THE WEEK.

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[Under this heading leo notice such Books of the week as have not bests reserved for review in other forms.] Hungary of To - day. By Members of the Hungarian Govern- ment and...

Cursed Luck. By Sir J. George Scott. (W. Blackwood and

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Sons. 3s. 6d.)—These sketches are descriptions of native life in Burma, and each one is prefaced by a short account of the particular side of Burmese life which is intended to...

Builders of United Italy. By Rupert Sargent Holland. (G. Bell

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and Sons. 7s. 6d. net.)—Mr. Holland has selected eight " builders," and given studies of their life and work. Those are Alfieri, Manzoni, Gioberti, Martin, Mazzini, Cavour,...

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Labour and Housing at Port Sunlight. By W. L. George.

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(Alston Rivers. as. Od. net.)—Port Sunlight is the village in which Messrs. Lever carry on their soap manufacture, and is the scene of an experiment which Mr. George describes...

In "Luzac's Semitic) Text and Translation Series" (Luzao and Co.),

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we have the Arabic text of Kitcib Muid An-Niam Wa-lifubid An-Niquani, with Introduction and Notes by David W. Myrhman.

In the "Romance of the East" Series, Edited by L.

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Cranmer- Byng (John Murray, 2s. 6d. net), we have Tales of the Caliphs, by Claud Field. The Caliphs who appear in this volume are five: All-Mansur (A.D. 754), who was the Henry...

Dod's Parliamentary Companion. (Whittaker and Co. 3s. G. net.)—This little

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volume appears seasonably in readiness for the meeting of Parliament. Part I. gives the Members of the Heide of Lords ; Part IL supplies us with a glossary of Parliamentary...

The Card System at the Office. By J. Kaiser. (Vacher

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and Sons. 5s. net.)—We cannot pretend to appreciate this book, and must be content with saying that it sets forth a system by which office business may be simplified and...

Story of a Staffordshire Farm. By the Tenant, T. Carrington

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Smith. , (j. and C. Most, Stafford.)—Mr. Carrington Smith made good use of two economical facts which were not so well known when he began farming as they are now. The first was...

A Naturalist in Tasmania. By Geoffrey Smith, M.A. (The Clarendon

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Press. 7s. 6d. net.)—Mr. Geoffrey Smith has made a very pleasant and readable book out of his scientific researches in Tasmania. First, he gives us by way of introduction a...

In the "Miniature Reference Library" (G. Rontludgo and Sons, Is.

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not), we have a Dictionary of I'hilosophical Terms, by Arthur . Butler. Hero is the account of pragmatism: "It tries to correct the traditional intellectualism of Philosophy by...