fortigu ouli

Fraurt.—The Emperor of the French has passed through Avignon, Tarascon, Arles, Marseilles, and Toulon, to Nice, where he arrived in the middle of the week. At Marseilles, there were the usual demonstrations of loyalty, cheers, bouquets, addresses, banquets, and balls. The Impe- rial pair were feted, and serenaded, and applauded. At the theatre, a cantata, by Meier, was sung in honour of the Emperor, in which occurred the line,

" Sa main a seche bien des pleura!"

and it was recognized as so felicitous that it " drew forth extraordinary plaudits." The city of Marseilles gave a dinner to the Emperor, and the Presi- dent of the Chamber of Commerce proposed his health and that of the Empress. The Emperor answered in a short but striking speech- " Gentlemen,-The banquet offered by the Chamber of Commerce gives me the happy opportunity of publicly thanking the city of Marseilles for the warm reception it has given to the Empress and to myself. "The unanimous demonstrations of attachment which we have received since the commencement of our journey touch me deeply, but do not make sue more proud ; for my only merit has been to have full faith in Divine Providence as well as in the patriotism and good sense of the French peeple.

"It is this intimate union between people and Sovereign which consti- tutes our strength at home as well as abroad, and which has enabled us, not- withstanding great difficulties, never to pause in our progressive march.

"This desire for what is good, this enthusiasm for all that is noble and useful, cannot abate now when circumstances arc more favourable and tran- quillity is the wish of all the world.

"If envious murmurs should reach us from afar, let us not be disturbed on that account ; they will break against our indifference like the waves of the ocean on our shores.

"Let us labour, then, with all our strength to develope the resources of our country ; the works cf peace have in my eyes crowns as beautiful as those of laurel.

"In the future of prosperity and greatness which I contemplate for Franoe, Marseilles naturally holds a large place from its energy and the intelligence of its inhabitants, as well as from its geographical position. Close to the

military port of Toulon, it appears to me to represent On its shores the genius of, France, holding an olive branch in one hand, but- feeling it sword at its side.

• " Let her reign in peace upon that sea, the Plmeman city, by the calm in- fluence of commerce; let her civilize barbarous nations by increased traffic ; let her draw closer the bonds or civilized imams"; let her induce the peo- ples of Europe to come and shake hands upon the poeticalshores of this sea, and sink in the depth of its waters the jealous faulte'of a past age ; finally, let Marseilles always show herself beautiful as I now behold her,-that is to say, in keeping with the destinies of France,--and one of my most ardent wishes will be accomplished. "I drink the health of the city of Marseilles." At Toulon, where they next arrived, the Emperor and Empress went to a ball, and the next day embarked for Nice.

The Moniteur, in its non-official section, announces that the Emperor has authorized the establishment of a tutional tir, or shooting compe- tition, the project of which has been preparing at the Ministry of War since the month of January last. It will take place in the wood of Vin- cennes, and will commence annually at the period of the fetes af the 15th of August. This year, by exception, it will open-on the 30th of Sep- tember. Numerous workmen are now getting the ground ready. There will be forty-four targets, to which Frenchmen and foreigners -will alike be admitted with all sorts of arms (arms de guerre, de chasse' et de pre- cision) ; six other targets will be reserved for the National Guard and the Army, two others for pistol-shooting, and two for bow and arrow. There will be a grand prize of 10,000 francs ; the list of the other prizes will be immediately published, as well as that of gifts from individuals, intended to increase the number of prizes, and to-encourage so eminently patriotic an institution. "Like the Swiss fir federal," continues the Menden?, "like that which the Queen of England has just inaugurated, and like that which is pre- paring in Belgium, the French national fir is formed under the protection of the Government, and under the patronage of the highest notabilities of the country. It is destined to strike root in the soil of France, where whatever relates to the noble exercise of arms pleases and attracts. Nothing will be wanting to this interesting festival, to which are invited French marksmen and those of all countries. It will last from the 30th of September to the 9th of October."

A Committee of seven gentlemen, three of them military men, has been named to direct and superintend.

A body of Irishmen, with the 0.Doneghue at their head, presented a sword to Marshal M‘Mahon at Chalons on Sunday. The Marshal was surrounded by a crowd of officers eager to see the wild Irish. The ad- dress read to him on the occasion was a model of the plethoric style of oratory, as thus-

" Ireland is proud to recognize in you the valiant chief, of Irish blood, whose military genius has maintained unirustained the flag of victorious France-that noble nation, the sister of our own. She is happy, too, to re- cognize in you the Chrisian hero who has preserved for the Cross that hereditary fidelity of his royal ancestors ; she sees also in you the worthy descendant of that heroic king who crushed the fierce foes of Ireland on the bloody plain of Clontarf. It is, then, Ireland which presents to you this sword, whose chased sheath and shining blade are the types of her ancient glory and civilization." The Duke of Magenta it is said "evinced the deepest emotion," and, amidst a burst of acclamation, drew the blade from the gold and jewel- hilted scabbard, and replying at some length, and with indescribable fervour and feeling, said- " I shall one day leave to my eldest son, Patrick, this magnificent sword. It shall be for him, as it is for Me, a new pledge of those close ties which ought to unite him for ever to the noble country of his ancestors."

i PT altb.-up to he present moment, [September 12], say ad- vices from Berne, the Federal Council has not either directly or in- directly received any request from France to draw up the conditions for a direct arrangement of the differences on the Savoy question. The Federal Council, through the medium of its diplomatic agents, has re- cently informed France, as well as the other Powers which signed the treaty of 1815, that to guarantee efficaciously the neutrality of Switzer- land, it would he indispensable to exact two things-

" 1. That the Simplon road, henceforth open to France, should be pro- perly protected. "2. That the Lake of Geneva should be separated from the French frontiers by a portion of land of about two hours' march in breadth."

In reply to these overtures the Cabinet of the Tuileries has withdrawn its former concessions, declaring that it would not cede either an inch of territory or a single inhabitant of Savoy. In this state of affairs any direct arrangement between Switzerland and France is impossible. Having received the report of the Swiss representatives at Paris, London, and Turin, who are now here, the Federal Council peraiSta more than ever in considering this affair as a question of European order reserved for the competency of-the Powers which signed the Final Act of Vienna.

IfIli1alt4.—The most interesting information from Germany arrived in the shape of the following despatch early in the week, forwarded by the Vienna correspondent of the Plies- " Vienna, Sunday Morning.—A highly important official telegram from St. Petersburg was received here yesterday. In substance it is as follows- ' The Emperor Alexander and his Government sincerely desire a perfect re- conciliation with Austria. The good understanding between lBtussia and Austria ought never to have been interrupted. " The necessary arrangements for a meeting between the two Emperors will be made without delay, and measures will be taken for putting an end to the present state of things, which is no longer tolerable.'" The French journals now state that the Emperors of Austria and Rus- sia and the Prince Regent of Prussia will meet at Warsaw, and that the minor German kings are all striving to obtain invitations, Another report from Vienna is that "Count Rechberg has instructed the diplomatic agents of Austria abroad to seize every opportunity for declaring the falsity of the reports that the Imperial Cabinet intends to place itself at the head of a coalition against France. Count Rechberg says that Austria has no other object than that of leaving her state of isolation by means a a conciliatory and moderate policy, which would allow her to maintain friendly relations with France as well as with the other great Powers. Count Rechberg protests in the most positive man- ner against any concealed idea of a coalition, for which Austria thinks there is no necessity."

The Reichsrath met again on Monday and agreed to the military and _ naval estimates. In a debate on the budget for Peblie Worship, the President of the Chamber of Commerce, M. Meager, proposed a revision of the Concordat, and that the placing of all Christian confessions on equal footing should become a principle of the constitution. It was re- solved to insert two additional paragraphs in the report of the Committee of twenty-one, in accordance with IL Maager's motion—viz., to abolish the difference between the positions of the confessions as constituted by the subsidy at present granted to the Catholic Church and schools of public instruction, and in general to settle all questions respecting the r confessions.

.Before the discussion of the budget for the Ministry of the Interior' Count Hochberg protested against the prevailing idea that the Ministry, wished to maintain a political system the abolition of which was gene- rally desired. The Minister said that this supposition was perfectly in- correct, and he assured the members of the Council that all the Ministers were agreed upon the necessity of entering the path of reform.

The Reichsmth resolved upon adjourning any discussion of constitu- tional principles until the conclusion of the discussion of the budget.

It is said, with great confidence, that the Austrian Government had decided upon refusing to receive the Neapolitan fleet should the King of Naples have intended to send it to an Austrian port.

In official quarters, we are told, little fears are entertained of an outbreak in Dalmatia. As regards Croatia, its bishop, who is a member of the Reichsrath, has already declared that the Croats will not in any way separate their cause from that of Hungary. The Austrian Govern- zaent thinks that if an understanding could be brought about with the Latter, there would be nothing to fear from Croatia.

The German National Association, which met at Cobourg, closed its session on the 5th, shouting "Long live the Duke of Saxe Coburg !" Very strong sympathy was expressed for Italy. Professor Liguana, who had arrived from Italy, speaking in German, strongly advised an alliance between a free Italy and a free Germany. Some speakers were for giving up Venetia, but others clung to the common opinion that there is a German interest in that country. The following resolutions were adopted. 1. That the chief and natural duty of a German policy is to maintain the integrity of the Federal territory to its fullest extent. "2. That it is by no means the object of such a policy to take part with Austria in any war that may take place between that Power and Italy for the possession of Venetia. "3. That it is nevertheless the imperious duty of this German policy to oppose the interference of the French empire in the adjustment of that question, as such interference might endanger the development of the Ger- man national independence. "4. That still, however, it should form part of a well-defined German policy that in any struggle, which may take place care should be taken that the military resources of Germany should not be misused, for the purpose of keeping in subjection those Italians who hare with so much enthusiasm risen to achieve their own liberty, and the independence of their country."

gggi a.—The Emperor Alexander has been to Moscow, to introduce the Cesarewitch, the Grand Duke Nicholas, to the ancient capital of the empire, on the first occasion of his Imperial Highness's visit after attain- ing his majority. The religious solemnity observed was more than usually imposing. On the 27th ultimo, the festival of the Moscow Ca- thedral of the Ascension was held, at which the Emperor was present, accompanied by the Cesarewitch and the Grand Duke Michel, when they were received by the whole clergy, at the head of whom was the Metro- politan, by whom a suitable address was presented. After a religious service, the Czar and the Grand Dukes did reverence to the sacred pic- tures and relics, first in the cathedral and then in the Tsehudow Con- vent ; and afterwards a thanksgiving service was held in all the churches for the happy arrival of the Emperor.

SOME—A telegram from Madrid contains a report of news too good to be true- " It is stated that orders have been given for the immediate construction of ten war steamers, destined to suppress the slave-trade and to defend the coasts of Cuba."

urkru.—According to the reports from Constantinople, the Sultan has ordered the Grand Vizier, Kiprisli Pacha, to terminate his inquiry in the -provinces as speedily as possible, and to return to Constantinople, where urgent political business requires his presence. It is asserted that the Grand Vizier will not stay at Constantinople, but will proceed to Paris and London, with full powers to treat of the most important politi- cal questions, and to negotiate a new loan. These reports, however, do not seem to he well-founded, for later advices describe the Grand Vizier as en route for Bosina.

Some curious stories, chiefly derived from the French papers, are in circulation touching strange proceedings attributed to Sir Henry Bulwer, some of theraWe do not print, but the following story published by the Prom has the merit of being striking and romancing— "An incident, in which the English Ambassador is concerned, has ex- cited attention here. A few days back Sir Henry Buliver, accompanied by his second dragoman, had an audience of the Sultan ; and, after some general considerations on the weakness of the Government, on financial disorder, and on the neglect and incapacity of most of the governors of nrovincea, he demanded that the Grand "Vizier, Kiprisli Meherned Nan, should be recalled from his mission of inspection in European Turkey ; and be indicated Omer Pacha as a fit person to replace him, that general know- ing the two provinces of Bosnia and Herzgovina, from having made war there. The ambassador, who is particularly anxious to have Biza Paeha, the Eliniater of War, excluded from the ministry, then went on to represent that in the department of that minister contractors and others were allowed to realize scandalous profits. He also complained that, about a month ago, in a conflict between some Armenian Protestants and some non-united Armenians, about the burial of a Protestant in the cemetery of the latter, Eliza Pacha had allowed soldiers to attack the Protestants. Riza Pacha is intendant-general of the expenses of the palace, as well as Minister of War, and the ambassador further complained of him in. that capacity. Women,' said he, 'are expensive everywhere, and especially. in Turkey, and in your Majesty's household they cause enormous waste. This your Majesty knows, and you have ordered prudent reforms, but perhaps not sufficient for the mition!' The Sultan listened coldly, not however, without nicking some signs of impatience. The dragoman unfortunately interpreted certain exprenaons in the latter part of the discourse in such a manner as to make them appear stronger thanthey were. The Sultan became irritated, and replied that the complaints made against Riza Pacha should be sub- mitted to the Council of Ministers ; that he, as sovereign was the best judge as to the opportlinities of recalling the Grand Vizier; That though he was always disposed to receive advice on the part of the Allied Powers (the Sul- tan laid stress on the words to indicate that he thought that Sir Henry Bid- wer, in what he had said, was not acting by direction of his Government), he would not permit any one to insult him in his own palace ! So saying, the Sultan, displaying, great emotion, 'retired to his private apartments. The Ambassador, when the last words of the Sultan were translated to him, was also greatly moved, and he hurried to the Porte to represent to the caimacan of the Grand Vizier that his Majesty had misunderstood him,. Shortly after the Suited:sent for Aali Pacha to the palace' and related to him what had occurred. The Minister endeavoured to calm the irritation of the Sultan by representing that the dragoman, from want of experience, had not correctly rendered the Ambassador's observations ; and he then went on to show that it was very desirable that at this moment any diffi- culty with England should be avoided. To show the amicable feelings of England he cited some recent observations of Lord John Russell in Parlia- ment, and the despatches of M. Musurus, the Ottoman Minister at London. The Sultan then became calm, and consented to receive Sir Henry Bulwer the next day. The Ambassador accordingly went to the palace, aecom- panied by M. Pisani, first dragoman of his embassy, and expressed profound regret at the painful misunderstanding of the previous day. His Majesty received his observations favourably. It is said that, when Riza Pacha was informed of what the Ambassador had done, he merely replied—' All the allegations made are false, and I regret that the dignity of my position does not allow me to take other steps in defence of my honour.'" Eggpt.—It is stated that the United States Consul-General at Alexandria has protested against the creation of an internal tribunal for the settlement of all disputes in which foreign subjects are interested, and in which the amount involved exceeds 60,000 piastres. Half the members of this tribunal were to be appointed by the Consuls-General of the Great Powers, and the other half by the Egyptian Government. The Consul-General of the United States declared that he could not re- cognize the competency of such a tribunal, unless be should have the same right to appoint members as the Consuls-General of the great European Powers.

Snili 5.—The Calcutta mail, to the 9th of August, with Madras' papers to the 14th, brings news of the death of another eminent public servant—Mr. James 'Wilson. This event, following so soon after the loss of Sir Henry 'Ward, has created a great sensation.

The Timos correspondent at Calcutta, writing on the 8th, thus speaks of the circumstances that preceded Mr. Wilson's death- " About six davs ago, the Calcutta public was startled by the news that the Chancellor of the Exchequer, after struggling against and vanquish- ing several minor illnesses, was at last confined to his bed by a very se- vere attack of dysentery. It is difficult to exaggerate the effect which this intelligence produced on the public mind. Every one seemed sud- denly to appreciate the fact that all chance of financial regeneration was bound up in the life of Mr. Wilson—that the removal of his guiding hand from the rein would 'be the signal for retrogression into that slough of de- spond from which we are but now beginning to emerge. It flashed suddenly across the minds of rueu that Mr. Wilson was not only the directing agent of the new taxes, but the centre and vivifying spirit of all the Com- mittees which are now sitting to bring about administrative reforms. He had made himself a necessity for India ; it seemed impossible that, when yet only one of his measures—the Income-tax—had been matured and brought into action, he should be compelled to leave the scene of his labours. These thoughts, combined with the knowledge that his illness

had been brouge trying about by intense and unremitting labour in a most tryg climate, caused a sensation which, as I said before, it would be difficult to exaggerate. Inquiries were constant, and came from all classes of the com- munity; even the Natives shared in the general feeling of regret ; but when it became known that, under the most favourable circumstances, Mr. Wilson would be obliged to try a sea voyage for' two months, those feelings gave way to one of relief and even of rejoicing that he was able to undergo the roughing attendant upon a sea trip. It has not yet been decided whether he will be able to go us far as Gallo in the steamer which takes this letter ; but should he be sufficiently strong he will make the at- tempt, and, catching the Australian steamer at Gallo' proceed in her to Mel- bourne. There are hopes that relief from work and the sea air combined will speedily effect a cure." On the 9th, he adds a hasty postscript saying that Mr. Wilson was not so well. " It was found impossible to put him on board the steamer this morning." Then the Madras Atlienfflum of the 14th takes up the tale— "With regard to the death of' Mr. Wilson, all that we know at present is that the melancholy event took place on the night of' the 11th instant, at ten o'clock, and that he was to be buried on the evening of the following day. The sad news was -ooaveyed to Madras in a Goyernment telegram, dated Calcutta, the 12th instant. Mr. Wilson had been ailing for some time past, and was so indisposed on the 28th of July as to be unable to at- tend in his place in the Legislative Council. Rumours have been current that he was about to proceed to the Neilgherries, there to recruit his shat- tered health, but man proposes and God disposes. It is not mentioned in the telegraphic message of what disease Mr. Wilson died, but it is ru- moured here that it was of acute dysentery, and this, under the circum- stances, we think highly probable. It is unnecessary for us to remark on the loss to the empire, perhaps irreparable, which this event has occa- sioned, for it is too much to expect that the Calcutta blunderers will be able to carry out the scheme of financial reorganisation which Mr. Wilson had inaugurated, or that another English financier of the same ability and reputation will be induced to risk his life in the same cause."

Thra in a few months India has lost Elphinstone, Ward, and Wilson.

C if 8.—The Hongkong Mail states that Lord Elgin arrived at Tali= Bay on the afternoon of the 9th of July ; and Baron Gros left Shanglme for Cheefoo, the rendezvous of the French, on the 4th of July. It is said the French force is very far behind with their preparations' and that they have protested against our taking a larger force than they. We believe, however, that Lord Elgin has induced Baron Gros to with- draw the protest, and that active operations will commence about the 1st of August. No negotiations will take place until the destruction of the Taku forts.

From Talien we learn that the force there is very healthy. All the men had been landed, to the number of 11,000 men, for the purpose of giving them exercise. The General had gene to Cheefoo, to make arrangements with the French. There were upwards of 150 sail in the bay. which is described as being very large, and about ten miles broad and fifteen. miles from the entrance to the head. The weather is de- scribed as being delightful and exhilarating. The people are very shrewd, and do not now hesitate to come forward to sell articles. The Chinese have succeeded in raising the Cormorant, sunk in the Peiho.. They built a boat, into which they trenefened tb,o Cormorant's

engines. But, alas! they would not work, and no one could set them going. So Sang-ho-lin-sin sent down four watchmakers' from Pekin. " You are accustomed to machines," said he ; " set that barbarian ma- chine to work, or I will cut off your heads." The unhappy watch- makers succeeded in lighting the fires and inducing the smoke to ascend through the funnel. This seems to have contented their taskmaster, for, though the engines are not working, we have no account of the watchmakers' decapitation.

"The Emperor is in a state of drunken helpless imbecility. Among the many curious institutions of China that of the Censorate is entitled to a high place. The Censors are intrusted with the care of manners and cus- toms, the investigation of all public offices within and without the capital, the discrimination between the good and bad performance of their business, and between the depravity and uprightness of the officers employed in them.' These officers exercise the right of reproof with extraordinary candour and plainness, though it is to be feared that their remonstrances are frequently unavailing. Some months ago the Censor protested against the conduct of the Emperor, against his drunkenness and dissipation, his attachment to actors, and love of low society. This reproof to Majesty was published in the Pekin Gazette, and circulated throughout the length and breadth of the Empire. Shortly before his degradation, Ho-kwei-tsing, late Governor- General of this province, in conjunction with Wang-yu-ling, addressed a long memorial to the Emperor. They described in piteous terms the state of the district, with the regular troops disbanded, the rebels victorious on every side, and Shanghai only preserved from assault by the presence of the allied forces. They then discussed the dispute be- tween England and China with considerable freedom, and in a manner -which might have convinced Mr. Bright that there are two sides to this Chinese question. Sang-ho-lin-sin they denounce, as "only thinking of defence, and not versed in the history of negotiations of peace. While the commerce of China with the foreigner is a source of advantage to both parties, these quarrels are, on the contrary, a source of discontent to both. That the foreigner has no deep feelings of hostility is evinced by his afford- ing troops to protect the city.' They describe the trade as ruined, the Customs' revenue not forthcoming, and the local banditti roaming through the country eager to try conclusions.' The only resource they have to sug- gest is in negotiation of peace without loss of time, so that the English and French may utterly put away hostile feeling. They would then probably lend their troops, with whose aid the Empire might be relieved from danger. This address was forwarded on the 13th of June, since which poor Ho had been disgraced, and remains at Shanghai a prisoner and in chains, awaiting the arrival of his successor, who will send him to Pekin. There is no chance of this remonstrance being heeded. It requires blows, not words, to hammer conviction into the heads of the Pekin Cabinet."—Times.

anitet Statfs.—The New York Times announces, on "the best authority," that the Mexican question is on the point of being peremp- torily settled by a decisive intervention of four of the great Powers— namely, England, France, Spain, and Prussia. These Powers have signed a convention to which they have invoked the adhesion of the United States Government. The bases of toleration for all religious opinions, and of a modified establishment for the Roman Catholic Church are understood to have been already accepted by the Constitutionalists aander Juarez on the one part, and by the clerical party under Miramon on the other. An armistice for twelve months is to be declared, during which period each party will hold what it at present possesses, being responsible for the proper administration of their trusts. The people will be appealed to to elect between the principles represented by the two factions, and the respective leaders pledge themselves to resign all their authority and arms into the hands of the Government thus de- 4:pitted.

William Walker has reappeared in Central America. He has landed in Honduras and captured Truxillo, and has issued an address to the people. He is not there to make war on them, lie says, but to make war on their Government which stands in the way of their interests. It is understood that he uses Honduras as a stepping-stone to Nicaragua. The New York Herald has published a brilliant view of the flourishing condition of the United States.

"No one can tell within 50,000,000 bushels how much wheat is produced in the United States, or within 200,000,000 bushels how much corn. The actual amount of rice, tobacco, hay, pork, beef, butter, rye' potatoes, &c., raised in the country is equally a matter of doubt. People talk of a maxi- mum crop of 200,000,000 bushels of wheat, and 700,000,000 bushels of corn ; but these are mere rough guesses. There is only one great staple, the pro- duction of which is reliably ascertained from year to year, and that is cotton. It is however, pretty certain by this time that the crops of 1860, whatever may be the aggregate amount of each, will, without exception, be the the largest ever raised in the country. The only crop failure this year is the wheat and corn crops of some of the Southern States, where they have had but little rain ; but these States have never been great producers of food, though their wheat has generally been very fine in quality. Throughout the great wheat-growing States of the Union—New York, Pennsylvania, Ohio, Indiana, Illinois, Wisconsin, Minesota, Michigan, and Iowa—the crop is universally pronounced by the farmers to be the best ever harvested. Corn promises equally well. Unless some unusual disaster should occur, the corn crop likewise will be largely in excess of the average. Lands which in 1858 yielded five bushels of wheat to the acre will this year yield twenty ; and land which, in the same year, gave fifteen to twenty bushels of corn will this year give forty-five to sixty. We believe that, as a general rule, potatoes, hay, and rye will be a full average. The beef and pork crop will be considerably above an average. In the South, both the tobacco and the rice-planters are in good spirits. The sugar crop of Louisiana will be short, we are told, as also will the corn crop in the Gulf States. With regard to cot- ton, opinions differ somewhat. In the beginning of July, the favourite esti- mate, based on the area planted and the fair spring weather, was 5,000,000 bales ; but since then the drought has affected the upland, and some reduc- tion must be made. Some authorities look, under favourable circum- stances, for a crop of 4,800,000; others think it will not exceed the crop of 1859—say 4,600,000; while others doubt whether it will reach 4,500,000 bales. But no one seems to doubt, unless the fall season should prove very unfavourable, that it will be 40 or 45 per cent in excess of the aver- age crop five years ago. Here, then, is a clear prospect of an aggregate increase of wealth, by actual production, which can hardly be figured in dollars. Turning, on the other hand, to the manufacturing business of the country, we find that it never was so prosperous as it is at present. The report from every part of New England is that the milk are in constant operation that the manufacturers cannot fulfil their orders, that labour is in constant demand, and that new mills are being built on every side. The amount of raw material consumed in the New England fac- tories this year is fully one-third in excess of the old average. New England is competing successfully with Old England for the Asiatic trade. Great Britain will find, after she has spent a few score of maligns in subjugating the Hindoos and beating the Chinese, that she has merely opened a market for Lowell and Lawrence. So in hardware. Our native manufactures are driving the foreign goods out of the market. If the present duties were abolished, in a few years our manufacturers would have the whole home field to themselves. Meanwhile, for the first' time in our history, our consumption has not kept pace with our pnsdue- lions. It seems a monstrous thing to say, but we are really saving money. The importations of foreign goods at this port for the year to date are only $142,599,715, against 6156,450,991 to the corresponding date last year ; while our exports of domestic produce are $46,281,575, againat 633,373,647 for the same period of 1859. Generally speakmg, the American people not only spend all the money they make, but borrow as much 88 they can be- sides. Now we are spending comparatively little,. earning a great deal more than usual, and borrowing nothing. We axe building no railroads, except a few necessary extensions of our present railway system into the Western wilderness. No new issues of railway bonds or stock are seeking purchasers in Wall Street ; no financiers are going to Europe with flaming prospectuses to try to wheedle John Bull out of his money. Until within a few weeks, even the merchants have not been borrowing as much as the banks wanted to lend. Universal caution and conservatism seem to have overtaken the financial and commercial community."

PM SP alatth.—Advices from New Zealand to the 30th of June have been received. The Native war had increased its proportions, and the British troops had met with a severe repulse. We quote the account of that misfortune from the Taranaki Herald-

" While last Saturday's [June 23] sheet was printing, guns were heard at Waitara, and the Tasmanian Maid on Tuesday brought Intelligence that a reconnoitring party of the 40th had been fired on by the Natives from the pah restored at Puketakauere. This act of aggression loosened the hands of our military commander, and steps were taken to punish the insurgents for their growing boldness.

"Wednesday morning was fixed for attacking the pah. Guns and rein- forcements of the 40th Regiment and of the blue jackets were despatched from town, and plans of proceeding canvassed by men with and without.au- thority. "Weather of the most inclement kind that this country knows added to the hardships of this preparing for the rough business. "The reinforcements waded out through a Bea of mud, under South-west squalls and showers. "The Puketakanere pah consists of two stockades ; one upon the in- trenchments of the old pah of the same name, the other new and apparently without intrenchments. They stand on a ridge formed by two small gul- lies. These gullies meet a little below the pale and open on a swampy ground in the Waitara Valley, forming a sort of long Y, the stalk towar&- the river, and the stockades in the fork. "The main body, consisting of the Grenadier and Light Companies of the 40th Regiment, under Captain Richards, and sixty blue jackets under First Lieutenant Battiscombe of the Pelorus, with the _Artillery, approached the pah by the directest road from the camp, and at six o'clock a.m. the guns were brought to bear, and the men extended on the North west or seaward side of the pah, the smaller gully between them and it. With this division were Major Nelson, and Captain Seymour, of the Pelorus. "A second division of about fifty men, under Captain Messenger, was posted on the fiat of the Waiters, to cut of the retreat on that side ; and a third, under Captain Bowdler, passed along the river banks, and attempted to take the pah in the rear.

"The Natives were aware of the movement, and on the alert. The first firing was on the rearward party, and a Mend informant states that, finding the troops advancing on that side, many of the Natives went out of the stockade, some of them endeavouring to escape, and some occupy- ing the intrenchmenta of a second old pah, to the rearward of—that is to say, nearer to the Waiters than—the two stockades. It could be seen that the party under Captain Messenger was doing great execution on the stragglers who attempted to escape, and for a time it appeared as if the at- tack in the rear would succeed ; 'but, after a short space, a large reinforce- ment from the inland settlements of Wi King' arrived among the high fern, and a fierce battle ensued, the Natives greatly outnumbering the troops.

"The grenadier company of the 40th Regiment and the blue-jackets formed the right wing of the main party in front, and extended beyond the head of the gully, facing partly round towards the South-West side of the pah. Large numbers of the enemy came to the brink of the gully, and the pah was probably almost empty. The combatants were about 150 yards-, apart, divided by the gully, firing briskly and steadily, but not able to close except where the right wing overlapped the head of the gully, and here a desperate struggle took place with a party of Natives who bad a trench at one of the outworks of the old fortifications. Here was the hottest fighting and the greatest loss sustained by this division. "Early in the day, a messenger of the rebels was seen to start from the rear, and between nine and ten o'clock large reinforcements came from inland; part of which, as we have already said, attacked the 2d and 3d divisions, and the remainder outflanked the main body in front.

"Having held his ground for some time, without reinforcements arriving, or any signs of a diversion appearing, Major Nelson gave orders to sound the retire.' Some attempt to follow was checked by a murderous fire from the artillery, and the main body retreated in order and without serious moles- tation, and arrived in camp at one .p.m. The other divisions were much harassed in their retreat, not having heavy guns to support them. We believe it was in retreat that Lieutenant Brooke and the other gallant fellows of these divisions were killed. They endeavoured to retire as they had advanced, but we fear some misundertanding or mistake of the ground was partly the cause of the serious loss on this side. They had to fight their way back to the camp. There were men present cool enough to see that the British honour was not only sustained but exalted by this fierce struggle. The great numeri- cal superiority of the Natives alone made it necessary for our troops to retire. Officers and men fought with steadiness and energy, under a fire which an Indian officer compares to that at Ferozeshah and Sobraon, and which a soldier of the Crimea states to have been hotter than that in the Itedan. The gallant Captain Seymour, of the Pelorus, received a bullet in the leg. Lieutenant Brooke sold his life dearly, and fell only when his sword arm was helplessly wounded. Non-commissioned officers and privates were recognized in some eases singly and coolly firing on large bodies of the enemy, and then as coolly retiring. The enemy, too, showed unexpected resolution, and have proved the first body of men able to meet the British bayonet. "It must not be omitted, either, that thoughtful preparations had been made by the excellent commander of the 40th for the day's work. Double rations of food were cooked, carts, bullocks, ammunition, everything was punctually at its place ; and the excellent plan of operations and gallant conduct of the attack did fresh honour to the name idolized by Britons.

"This sanguinary eight would have been the annihilation of the Native force at Waitara had more troops been present. "The large army assembled about Kingi is a fire comment on the polio): of our Government, which stands trifling with mild addresses and Maori

Parliament; while the inen whom it seeks to conciliate gather by the thou- sand, with arms in hand, to give that dignity to the deliberations of their senators which belongs to a sense of their power.

" The blazing houses of Tataraim i aka, n the rear of our retreating column on that side, are a further illustration of the system of pausing between every blow in a struggle to make overtures to the foe, and ascertain if he has made up his mind to continue the contest. Clemency is the privilege and embellishment of vigour. India might have taught what New Zealand is repeating, that the most tremulous hand makes the bloodiest work.

"The officers engaged were-- " Naval Brigade.—First Lieutenant 13attiscombe, Midshipman Wadlow, Midshipman Garnett ; Lieutenant Morris, Royal Marine Artillery. "Royal Engineers.—Lieutettant Mould. "Royal Artillery.—Lieutenant MSNaughten. "40th Regiment. —Major Nelson, Lieutenant Brooke (killed), Lieute- nants Dowman, Jackson, and Rees, Ensign and Adjutant Whelan."

The'Melbourne correspondent of the Times supplies some other details of great interest.

"The attack was made on the morning of the 27th of June, and was com- menced by the Artillery. A breach was soon made in the wooden walls (for such they are) of the pah. Orders were then given to assault. The troops advanced with fixed bayonets ; the Natives lay concealed in trenches, accord- ing to their custom, and when the troops came up to the breach the Natives started up in great force, armed with double-barrelled guns, and poured upon the advancing troops a murderous fire, which shook and staggered the advancing column. Still they steadily advanced ; the Natives closed up, and then commenced a hand-to-hand fight, in which the Queen's troops sustained an unequal fight against overpowering numbers with heroic courage. For four hours and a half the contest was continued. Colonel Gold, with a reserve of 300 men was close at baud. The unequal struggle was maintained for the length of time above-mentioned in the hope of reinforcements. None, however, arrived, and Major Nelson at length ordered a retreat, which was steadily conducted in the face of a host i of Natives, who were effectually kept n check by the Artillery throw- ing among them rounds of grape, which cut a lane through the

Maori ranks, and compelled them to give up the pursuit The conduct of Colonel Gold is severely censured in the accounts which have reached us. It is true we have not as yet his explanation, but it is difficult to conjecture what excuse he can make for abstaining front advancing with his reserve of 300 men, by which be might have converted a defeat, dis- graceful only to him, into a victory. It is said that he was hissed by his own men of the 65th when ordering a retreat. It is impossible to believe that an old officer of his standing wants mere animal courage; but I fear it will be found that he is deficient in both .judgment and energy, and on this, as well as on a former occasion, he got bewildered by his difficult position. One account says, One man there was who could have made this a deci- sive victory. It was an enlarged 'repetition of Waireka. Succour was needed, and it was withheld.' . . . . It was the opinion of many military men that the Maoris would not stand before the bayonet. They have taught us another lesson. They met the bayonet with the tomahawk', and fought hand to hand like soldiers of the middle ages, before the use of gunpowder. Among our troops many acts of signal bravery are recorded, and the conduct of the force engaged will add lustre to the character of the British soldier and sailor. The Maoris attacked the artillery at their guns, and killed two or three, but were beaten off. The canister and grape did great execution."

iustritlik—me news of troubles in New Zealand had evoked an outburst of loyal feeling in Melbourne. The Melbourne Argus of July 25, describes the proceedings in that city, consequent upon the receipt of news from New Zealand- " The evil tidings have had the effect of drawing out the most loyal sen- timents from every district of Victoria—a sufficient answer to the un- founded statements that have lately received currency in England as to the feelings of this colony towards the mother country. Immediate help for New Zealand was resolved upon, and on the 18th: instant the fast steamship, City of Hobart, was despatched for New Plymouth, carrying Lieutenant- Colonel Leslie and 210 officers and men of the 40th Regiment. Major- General Pratt, Commander-in-chief of her Majesty's forces in Australasia, communicated to the Governor his intention of proceeding to the seat of war, with his staff and the head-quarters of the 40th. The announcement gave great satisfaction to the colony, and the colonial armed steamer Vic- toria, which had been placed at the service of the New Zealand Govern- ment, and which had brought over the despatches, was again placed at the Major-General's service, and sailed 011 Tuesday last, the 24th instant, with General Pratt, the staff, and about fifty men of the 40th. Only a few sick men and boys of the regiment are left in Melbourne, and the Volunteer Rifles have responded in the most loyal manner to the call to take up the garrison duty hitherto performed by the military. This duty they under- took a fortnight ago, and their only complaint is the non-arrival of the arms so long expected from England. The Assembly took up the subject simultaneously with the arrival of the despatches, and, on the motion of Mr. Wilson Gray, one of the Ultra-Democratic Members, voted an addi- tional sum of 5000/. to provide prizes for the best marksmen amonse the Volunteers, the erection of butts, the formation of band; Esc. ; while the Ministry brought in a bill to increase the number of the Volunteer force from 2000 to 10,000, and announced that should an emergency arise during the recess, they would be prepared to meet any expenditure that might be called for, trusting to the loyal feeling of the House for a Bill of Indemnity next session. Victoria, therefor; at this moment is without a single mili- tary representative of her Majesty, and is engaged in her own defences in the naost loyal spirit to the Crown." The same journal in its summary reports that the land question ap- proached a settlement; that a Divorce Bill had passed the Legislature, based on the English measure ; that a bill had passed the Assembly abo- lishing imprisonment for debt, and another abolishing Ministerial pen- sions—

" The dredging operations on the bar of the Terra have been successful. Vessels drawing 14ft. of water can now enter at any time of the tide. 1Vithin the last few days additional interest has been given to the subject of the internal navigation of Australia by the fact of two steamers—one draw- ing 211. and the other 34ft. of water—having made their way from the Murray up the River Edward as far as Deniliquiu, carrying large car- goes.

" The leaders of the exploring expedition have been chosen. Mr. Rich- ard O'Hara Burke, long superintendent of the police of Castlemaine district, is first in command, and is second is Mr. Landells, who recently brought the camels from India. Mr. Willa, from the Melbourne Observatory, is appointed astronomer to the expedition ; and Dr. Becker accompanies it as naturalist. The expedition will start in the course of next month, making Cooper's Creek their point of departure."