5 furtigu nub Colugial.

cfraurt.—The treaty of the 16th April, signed by the Ministers of England, Austria, and France' although presented to the British Parlia- ment, has not been published in the Ifoniteur. The Western Powers and Austria are said to have stolen a march upon Russia by this act ; and Count Orloff is represented as expressing great surprise at so distrustful a proceeding, which oame suspiciously close upon the heels of the treaty of Paris, and had been kept a secret up to the time of its publication in London. Moreover, we are told by the Paris correspondent of the TUnes, that General Ney, ;Flo set out from Paris for St. Petersburg some, days ago with letters answering the announcement of the Czar's accession, carried with him a letter from Napoleon III to the Russian Emperor, giving a " full explanation " of the reasons that induced him to sign the treaty of guarantee. Among those explanations, it is said, the plea that he signed it at the request of his allies, who desired a pledge of his good wishes," finds a place. Another report says that the explanations were given to Count Orloff personally. The Count is described as speaking with much excitement, and as stating "that the unexpected step which had been taken was calculated to sow doubt and distrust in the mind of his Imperial master." The Vienna correspondent of the Times says that Count Buol throw out the first idea of such a treaty in April or May 1855, when it was agreed that a treaty of guarantee should " form a kind of supplement to any treaty of peace that might be concluded with, Russia." The correspondent adds, that the idea of Count Buol is natural enough, " when it is considered that Austria is the Power which will be first brought into hostile collision with Russia if she should again attempt to interfere in the internal affairs of the Ottoman empire."

The Empress Eugenie has not yet quite recovered the use of her limbs, but is, even within-doors, obliged to be wheeled from place to place in a chair. She has been, however, well enough to pay a visit to St. Cloud.

S rig i 10.—The Moniteur Beige, in commenting upon a false telegra- phic version of what took place in the Chamber last week relative to Count Walewski's speech, says.— The Minister for Foreign Affairs "was not questioned, nor did he give any explanation on the intentions of the Ministry relative to the law and the press. If such a question had been put, the Government would have but one answer to make,—namely, that it intended to reserve to itself within constitutional limits its full freedom of action, to submit to the Chambers when it might deem it advisable such modifications as it might seem to it necessary to introduce into the laws on the press."

The Paris hfoniteur reprints the article which closes with this explain:- tion, and adds- " We must congratulate the Belgian Government upon the care it has taken not to allow its language to be misstated or its intentions misunderstood. As regards the French Government, all that it had to do was to point out the evil and its consequences ; it is the duty of the Brussels Cabinet alone to seek, find, and apply a remedy ; what the Government of the Emperor is concerned about is the efficiency, and not the nature, of that remedy." The French Patrie announces with great glee that the Belgian Govern- ment has instituted a prosecution against the Nation fora libel upon the Duchess of Brabant ; and inquires whether the Government cannot also find means to cause foreign princes to be respected.

Stalu.—After two days' debate, terminating on the 7th, the Sar- dinian Chamber of Deputies expressed its approval of the foreign policy of Count Cavour, and its desire that the Minister should persevere, by rising en masse when the question was put. During the same debate, Count Cavour read two important documents ; one a memorandum pre- sented to the Plenipotentiaries of England and France on the 27th March ; the other a 'note " presented to the Governments of England and France on the 16th April. In the former, the Sardinian Plenipotentiaries call attention to the deplorable state of the provinces under the government of the Holy See, above all, of the Legations, which have been occupied by Austrian troops since 1849. Napoleon detached the Legations from the Holy See, and under his government wealth and civilization were developed in a few years. " His memory recalls an impartial justice, a strong administration, a state altogether of prosperity, of riches, and military greatness." The Congress of Vienna hesitated a long time about restoring the Legations to the Holy See ; and " Cardinal Gonsalvi obtained, but only after the battle of Waterloo, this unexpected conces- sion." Describing the inevitable struggle that ensued between the Go- vernment and the people, and the interventions of the Austrians and French, the memorandum points out, that "Napoleon III, with that true and firm coup d'ceil which is his characteristic," saw a solution, in- dicated in his letter to Colonel Ney—" Secularization and the CodeNa- poleon." It then develops the Sardinian project indicated in Napoleon the Third's letter ; and a plan for its execution through the agency of a Commissioner to be named by the Powers. The second document—the note presented to the French and British Governments—is as follows. " The undersigned, Plenipotentiaries of his Majesty the King of Sardinia, full of confidence in the sentiments of 'intim of the Governments of France

and England, and in the friendship which they profess for Piedmont, have never ceased; since the opening of the Conferences, to hope that the Con- gress of Pans would not separate without taking into serious consideration

the state of Italy, and deliberating on the means to be adopted for the re- establishment of its political equilibrium, disturbed now by the occupation of a great part of the provinces of the Peninsula by foreign troops. Cer- tain of the concurrence of their allies, they could not think that any other Power, after having testified so lively and so generous an interest in the fate of Eastern Christians of the Slave and Greek races, would refuse to in- terest themselves in the people of the Latin race, who are still more un- happy on account of the advanced degree of civilization which they have attained making them feel more acutely the effects of bad government. ‘‘ This hope has been disappointed. "Notwithstanding the good-will of France and England—notwithstand- ing their well-intentioned efforts, the persistence of Austria obliged the dis- cussions of the Congress to be strictly bounded within the sphere of the questions marked out before its meeting, and is the cause of this assembly, on which the eyes of Europe are fixed, being about to dissolve, not only without having effected the least amelioration for the ills of Italy, but with- out giving a ray of hope for the future to the other side of the Alps *calcu- lated to calm the minds and to make them boar the present with resigna- tion.

"The peculiar position occupied by Austria in the Congress perhaps ren- dered this deplorable result inevitable. The undersigned are forced to ac- knowledge this. Also, without addressing the least reproach to their allies, they believe it their duty to call their serious attention to the sad conse- quences that this may have for Europe, for Italy, and especially for Sar- dinia.

"It would be superfluous to trace here an exact picture of Italy. What has taken place in those countries is too notorious. The system of repres- sion and violent reaction commenced in 1848 and 1849—justified in its

origin, perhaps, by the revolutionary disturbances which had just been sup- pressed—continues without the smallest relaxation. It may even be said,

with few exceptions, it is exercised with redoubled rigour. Never were the prisons and dungeons more full of persons condemned for political causes ; never, has the number of exiles been greater; never has the police been more vexatious, nor martial law more severely applied. What is taking place at Parma only proves this too clearly. "Such means of government must necessarily keep the populations in a constant state of irritation and revolutionary ferment. "Such has been the state of Italy for seven years. Nevertheless, the po- pular agitation appeared recently to be calmed. Italians, seeing one of their national princes coalesced with the great Western Powers for the support of

the .principles of right and justice, and for the amelioration of the fate of their corelionista in the East, conceived a hope that peace would not be

made without some relief for their misfortunes. This hope kept them calm and resigned : but when they know the negative results of the Congress of Paris—when they learn that Austria, notwithstanding the good offices and benevolent intervention of France and England, refused alladiscussion--that she would not even enter into an examination of the means proper for re- medying such a sad state of things—there can be no doubt that the dormant irritation will be awakened among them more violently than ever. Con- vinced that they have nothing to expect from diplomacy and the efforts of the Powers which take an interest in their fate, they will throw themselves with Southern ardour into the ranks of the revolutionary and subversive

party • and Italy will again become a hotbed of. conspiracies and tumults, which may perhaps be suppressed by redoubled rigour, but which the least European commotion will make burst forth in the most violent manner. So

sad a state of things, if it merits the attention of the Governments of France and England, equally interested in the maintenance of order and the regular development of civilization, must naturally preoccupy the Government of the King of Sardinia in the highest degree. The awakening of revolutionary passions in all the countries surrounding Piedmont, by the effect of causes of a nature . to excite the most lively popular sympathies, exposes it to dangers of excessive gravity, which may compromise that firm and mo- derate policy which has had such happy results for the interior, and gained it the sympathy and esteem of enlightened Europe. ■ "...But this is not the only danger threatening Sardinia. A still greater is the consequence of the means employed by Austria to repress the revolu- tionary fermentation in Italy. Called by the Sovereigns of the small States of Italy who are powerless to repress the discontent of their subjects, this Power occupies militarily the greater part of the valley of the Po and of

Central, Italy, and makes its influence felt in an irresistible manner even in the countries where she has no soldiers. Resting on one side on Ferrara and Bologna, her troops extend themselves to Ancona, The length of the Adriatic, which has become in a manner an Austrian lake ; on the other, mistress of Piacenza, which, contrary to the spirit if not to the letter of the treaties of Vienna, she labours to transform into a first-rate fortress, she has a garrison at Parma, and makes dispositions to deploy her forces all along the Sardinian frontier, from the Po to the summit of die Apemiinea.

" These permanent occupations by Austria of territories which do not be- long to her, render her absolute mistress of nearly all Italy, destroy the equilibrium established by the treaty of Vienna, and are a continual me- nace for Piedmont,.

" Surrounded in some degree on all sides by the Austrians—seeing de- veloped fm. her Eastern frontier, completely open, the forces of a Power which she knows not to be animated by friendly feelings towards her—this country is held in a state of constant apprehension, which obliges her to re- main armed, and to take defensive measures which are excesmvely burden- some for her finances, already tasked by the events of 1848 and 1849, and by the war in which she has just participated.

"The facts that the undersigned have exposed suffice to make appreciated the dangers of the position in which the Government of the King of Sar- dinia finds itself placed. Disturbed within by the action of revolutionary passions, elicited all round by a system of violent repression and by the fo- reign occupation threatened by the extension of Austrian power, it may at any moment he forced by an inevitable necessity to adopt extreme mea- sureih of which it is impossible to calculate the consequences. " The undersigned do not doubt that such a state of things will excite the solicitude of the Governments of France and England not only on account of the sincere friendship and real sympathy that these Powers profess for the Sovereign who alone, among all, at the moment when their success was most uncertain, declared himself openly in their favour, but above all, be- cause it constitutes a real (linger for Europe. " Sardinia; is the only state in Italy that has been able to raise an im- passable barrier to the revolutionary spirit, and at the same time remain in- dependent of Austria. It is the counterpoise to her invading influence. " If Sardinia succumbed, exhausted of power,. abandoned by her allies— if she also was obliged to submit to Austrian domination, than the conquest of Italy by this Power would be achieved; Austria, lifter having ob-

tained, without its costing her the least sacrifice, the immenan benefit of the free navigation of the Danube and the neutralization of the Black Sea, would acquire a preponderating influence in the West.

"This is what France and England would never wish ; this they wilt never permit.

" Moreover, the undersigned are convinced that the Cabinets of Paris and London, taking into serious consideration the state of Italy, will decide, in concert with Sardinia, on the means for applying an efficacious remedy. " C. CAVOUR.

" Paris, April 16, 18'56. Da Vittras.ortrx.t." The Sardinian Senate unanimously adopted a resolution, moved by

Massimo d'Azeglio on the 9th, expressing its "entire satisfaction" with the conduct of the Government and the Sardinian Plenipotentiaries, and its conviction that the treaty of peace may produce happy consequences " both for civilization in general and for the reestablishment of order and tranquillity in the Italian peninsula."

A telegraphic despatch, headed " The first fruits of the Walewski

doctrine," appears in the Daily News, under date "Turin, May 8," stating that the Austrian Legation has called on the public prosecutor, to prosecute the Espero for an article headed The Austrian Amnesty,' which contains matter offensive to the Emperor of Austria. The case will be tried on the 16th."

118,113.—Serious disturbances have arisen out of the animosity exist-

ing between the Maltese and the soldiers of the Italian Legion. On the 6th instant, a body of Italians passed the Police-office in the Strada Realer singing patriotic songs. The Inspector of Police went out and requested' them to cease. In an instant he was stabbed in four places, and died in

'

a few hours. On learning this, the Maltese, already inflamed against the Italians, who, they say, " fought against the Pope," assailed, pelted, and drove four Italian officers through the streets : their retreat was covered by some British artillerymen, and they escaped in a boat. The mob was then dispersed by the English. The Italians at Fort Maned crossed over vowing vengeance ; but the troops posted by Sir John Pennefather brought them to a stand at one of the gates of Valletta, the Hannibal was towed into a position commanding the fort and Italian en- campment, and the Italians were forced to return to barracks. Lieu- tenant Burnaby drew up the men and called upon them to deliver up the assassins of the Inspector ; but they did not obey. On the 9th the town was tranquil ; and Mr. Victor Houlton, Chief Secretary, issued a notice,. speaking of the sad circumstances as equally deplored by the troops and' the inhabitants, and calling upon all to maintain order.

11155[8.—Four important personal changes have been effected in the

Russian Government. Count Nesselrode is succeeded by Prince Gortacha- koff in the Ministry of Foreign Affairs; Prince Dolgorouki is succeeded by General Soukhozanet in the Ministry of War ; and Senator Puschkin, head of the Upper Committee of Censorship, "a member of the strictest old Russian party," is "removed," but his successor has not been named. With Nesselrode, Seniavin, also one of the leaders of the old Russian party, leaves the Foreign Office, and is succeeded by M. Toletni. These changes it is said, are intended to facilitate changes of policy pro- jected by the Emperor in a liberal direction.

Prince Galitzin has been appointed Grand Marshal, and Count Botch Grand Master of the Ceremonies at Moscow. All the marshals and no- bility of the empire have been summoned to Moacovt. The official announcement has been published of Count Chreptowitacifta appointment as Russian Minister to the Court of St. James's.

A telegraphic despatch from Constantinaple, dated May 9, states that "hostilities have recommenced between Russia and the Cacassians." trimta.—Tho intelligence from the Crimea shows that all are on the move. It is stated that 9000 English have embarked at Bala- klava, and 35,000 French at Kamiesch "' that General Luders has given General d'Allonville permission to march his cavalry from Enpatoria to Kamiesch by land ; and that Tartars arrive in shoals at Balaklava for shipment to the Dobrudscha. In the English general orders, officers are . warned that it is very doubtful whether even the regulation number of horses can be shipped from the Crimea ; and they are recommended to get rid of them by all means possible. This, it is said, has created great dissatisfaction, as the market for horse-flesh in the Crimea is a poor ono, —five pounds bid for fine chargers, and four francs for mules.

The newspaper correspondents send home long accounts of their ram- bles in the Crimea ; and of the wonderful adventures they met with among bad roads, no roads, and wayside inns.

Ilfk t 11.—The telegraph still furnishes rumours of troubles in Turkey.- "The Sultan has offered permission to several French and English di-

visions to stop at Constantinople. It is believed that the motive of this offer- is the internal condition of Turkey. The great revolt in Arabia is still spoken of. The Egyptian troops are to be employed to repress it. The journals are silent about it. The Smyrna papers state, that in Syria fanatics have murdered [one account says "burnt papers

the English agent at Marasch as well as his family. Suleyman Pasha has pacified Magnesia. The chiefs of the revolt have been arrested. Omar Pasha was charged to organise moveable columns, which are to overrun the provinces iu which distress appears to have caused agitation."

Vrr 5 i 1.—The American Government, under the auspices of the Rus- sian Mission, have concluded a treaty, called a treaty of commerce with Persia. A curious account is given of the nature of the document.

The treaty, says the Constantinople correspondent of the Times, would be a commercial treaty were it not for three articles. "The first of these saya that, the Persians not being a maritime nation, the Americans will be obliged for the advantages which the treaty grants to their commerce to have i

a fleet in the Persian Gulf, in order to defend Persia against the enterprises of whatever maritime nation should attack her. The second gives the Ame- ricans the right to have their ships of war in the Shatt-ul-Arab, the mouth of the Tigris ; and the third of these articles allows them to a have a factory at Kurnah."

it 11 iff tt Shim—The Africa arrived at Liverpool on Monday, with advices from New York to the 30th April.

In the House of Representatives, Mr. Quitman of Mississippi had ad- .vocated the repeal of the Neutrality-laws ; which be described as "a violation of the constitution, and a stigma on American intelligence."

"Mexico," he said, "is in a state of dissolution, divided into factions, and lingering a miserable existence, by selling her territory to this country. In Central America, there have been a series of revolutions for years. Cuba,

the last remnant of gigantic despotism of. Spain, is necessary for the pro- tection of our commerce, and for the national repose and security. The law of nations depends upon circumstances. Its foundation is reason, right,. and justice. We have not our own connecting linlebetween the Atlantic and Pacific States, and that man is guilty of moral treason who halts about

the moans of seizing,the Isthmus. It must be taken, evenat the expense of war. It is manifest destiny, as well as a national necessity." In the course of his remarks he said that England had the address to in- duce the American Government to reject a favourable treaty with Dominica and had besides exerted a detrimental influence over Spain. " Duty to our country demands that we guard against the repetition of such flagrant offences."—The discussion was adjourned.

1£ re rid IMP If I S.—Intelligence from Nicaragua states that a battle had been fought at Rivas between Walker's banditti and the Costa Rican army. Walker, with an inferior force as he states, attacked the Costa Ricans, who held the town. After a sanguinary engagement, the Filibusters retired, "from want of ammunition." Walker puts down his own loss at less than 100 killed and wounded, while he estimates the lose of the enemy at 600. A correspondence between the British Foreign Office and the Consul-General of Costa Rica, and be- tween the latter and the Costa Rican Foreign Minister, and said to have been intercepted, is published in the American newspapers. In reply to an application for arms from the Government of Costa Rica, Mr. Ham- mond, on behalf of Lord Clarendon, offers 2000 smooth-bore muskets at 11..3x. each, or 2000 of the line pattern of 1862 at 56s. 8d. each.

" As soon as Lord Clarendon is informed by you of the species of arms which you decide upon, he will communicate further with the War Depart- ment, and request that the arms may be placed at your disposal."

Consul-General Wallerstein states that he has written for an order to in- spectnllthe two kinds of arms: He trusts that the Costa Rican Government the promptness with which the Government of her Britannic Ma- jesty has complied with my request is a very strong demonstration of her sympathy and good-will towards that Republic. Nothing is said, it is true, in.the Minister's letter about the-time the money should be plaid ; it shows that this is left for the Republic to determine." In another letter, Waller- stein,says—" When I was. elling Lord Clarendon that Costa Rica already had an army of 800 mon on the frontier of Nicaragua, he was much pleased, and amid, 'That was a right step' ; and I am persuaded that my having made that insinuation is one of the reasons for giving us the mus- kets. The questions pending between this country and the United States are very complicated ; but there will be no war, for this reason, that the gentlemen in the Great Republic observe that, although the British nation do not-boast or say much on the subject, they are determined to punish the Yankeervery severely for the least insult to the national honour.

The New York papers are indignant at this fresh instance of British intervention in Central. America.

There has been a terrible outbreak at Aspinwall, on the Isthmus of Pannma. The natives, excited by a quarrel with an American "rowdy," made an attack upon several- hundred passengers, including many women and-children, waiting to go on board a steamer. The police took sides with the natives ; fired into and charged the crowd of helpless travellers ; stormed and sacked successively the Pacific house" and the " Ocean house," two hotels ; killed twenty and wounded thirty persons, and drove the rest to the wharf; whence they escaped as they could, without their baggage, to the steamer. The ruffians tore up the rails, and de- stroyed the offices and papers of the Railway Company. The motive of the outbreak is raid to be " hatred of the Americans.'

of 6IIIIit 111111L—Sir George Grey opened the third session of the first Parliament of the colony on the lath March. He delivered a long speech on the occasion, the principal point in which was the fol- lowing proposal for stimulating immigration. " That-the Government should be by law authorized to raise for immi- gration purposes the sum of 200,0001. by the sale of debentures, bearing in- terest at the rate of 6 per cent, payable either in London or Cape Town, the luincipal and.interest forming a first charge-upon the revenue of the colony. Such debentures to be issued in sums of not less than 501. each, to be dis- posed of by tender. The debentures and the interest due on them would be iayable to order ; and the date to which the interest had been paid would be ndorsed on the back of the debenture at the time of payment; they would thus form a valuable and convenient security." Sir George urged as an inducement to accept this plan, that a large ,immigration would bring a revenue that would far more than defray the cintelost of the debt and provide a sinking-fund, would increase the value of the waste lands and all kinds of private property, and secure the ad- -vantages of railroads, harbours, and national defence. He insisted that South Africa affords to European immigrants at least equal and in some respects superior advantages to those of any other British colony. He recommended the Cape Parliament to adopt the plan if they think fit ; hut suggested that it would be better to leave some latitude to the Go- aramment as far as regards the carrying of it into execution.

NTIO f al au h.—Advices have been received from New Zealand, via Australia, to the 26th January. "The Governor had recently paid a visit to Nelson, which had added considerably to his popularity. The Nelson Examiner gives glowing accounts of the progress of the settle- ment, the'extonsion of the commerce, the increased area of cultivation, .and the improved appearance of the town. Some very fine specimens of copper ore had been found in the Dun Mountain mine. The third ses- sion of the Provincial Council of Wellington was opened on Thursday December 27.. The Superintendent, in his opening address, estimated the revenue for the year 1856 at 38,0001. ; which includes a balance in the Treasury of 15,0001. The cost of the several departments of Govern- ment he does not think will exceed 10,0001. ; a balance of 28,0001. will thus be available for public works and undertakings. The Provincial Government is represented as being very popular at the present time."