That is true particularly of Manchuria, where political changes have
quite clearly been effected, and the territorial integrity of China impaired, by methods inconsistent with the League Covenant and the Kellogg Pact, and both the League Assembly and the United States Government have declared that no recognition can be given to a situation so achieved. The estab- lishment of a so-called independent government in Manchuria deceives no one. It is admittedly dependent on Japanese arms, and the Japanese are under pledge to withdraw all their forces in Manchuria within the railway zone. The Lytton Commission, which is now in Shanghai, where the Chinese have given it a tumultuous welcome, has a task of immense importance and great delicacy before it. The idea that Manchuria is a closed question cannot for a moment be entertained, but the old administration has been overthrown and it may be singularly difficult to knaiv where to find, and how to maintain, a new one. Japan's existing rights in the province Must be secured, but there is no equitable ground for extending them. It would be a misfortune if the League and the United States parted company on that point.
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